Zababbun na Rasha: jerin. Zababbun a cikin tarihi na Rasha

Our karni ya zo ne kawai kwanan nan, saboda haka yin magana, wanda shi ne wani fitaccen hali Rasha na 21st karni, ba za mu iya. Duk da haka, bincike na baya za su taimaka mana mu fahimci abin da yake da gaske mai girma za mu iya sa ran daga cikin Slavic jini. Bayan duk, kamar yadda ka sani, wanda ya san baya, ya sani nan gaba.

Poets, mawaƙa, 'yan siyasa, marubuta, masana kimiyya da kuma artists - duk shahararren Figures na Rasha. List, albeit takaice dai, karya saukar da shekaru, da aka bayar a kasa ayyukan.

'yan siyasa

Alexander Nevsky

Tare da shi kuma fara zababbun a cikin tarihi na Rasha, wanda aka ambata a cikin wannan labarin. Grand Prince of Novgorod da wani m soja shugaban suka gudanar ya doke da Swedes da kuma Teutons, da kuma aza harsashin ginin ga wanzuwar Rasha a cikin tarihi da kuma al'adu hadisin.

Ivan IV da Munin

Mugunta Prince of Moscow, wanda, saboda su wuce kima ikon zuwa nufin da ƙishirwa ga ikon, don ƙirƙirar wani Rasha daula, zama na farko Sarkin All Rasha. Ya bloodlust aka sani a duniya. Duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a overestimate har zuwa abin da ya canzu da kuma sauya Rasha, samar daga gare ta wata guda cikakke da kuma jihar da za a lasafta tare da kowane makwabcin.

Bitrus I

Kawo canji da kuma} ir} iro wanda yake ƙoƙarin yin Rasha da gaske Turai jihar. Da farko Sarkin sarakuna na Rasha ya zama irin wannan mai muhimmanci karuwa saboda da kasar da Baltic. The kafa na St. Petersburg da kuma Navy halitta.

Catherine II

Abu mai muhimmanci kumbura da kan iyakoki na Rasha Empire. Ya sanya mafi karfi nobility da wani muhimmin aji. Masõyin kimiyya da kuma zane-zane, "Rasha malama", wanda ya iya rike da mafi bayyanawa da kuma muhimmanci da sake fasalin bayan Bitrus mai girma.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

The shugaban na Oktoba juyin juya halin, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci theorists kwaminisanci. Founder, kuma inspirer na farko gurguzu jihar - da Tarayyar Soviet. Ya mutu ba tare da ganin 'ya'yan itãcen su gwagwarmaya.

marubuta

Alexander Ostrovsky

Zababbun na Rasha tsakanin playwrights na karni na 19th ne mai wuya ga taba iya kafa ba tare da manufofin wannan marubucin. "Rasha Ibsen," marubucin daga cikin play "Bride", "hadiri", "Ya mutane - an ƙidaya." A farko Rasha marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, ya fara zuba jari a cikin zurfin m undertones replica haruffa.

Nikolai litattafan Gogol

Marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma marubuci. Known play "The gwamnatin Sufeto", "Aure", kazalika da litattafan - "Wii", "The abakwat" da sauransu peculiar m na Genre "tsoro.". Babban taken kerawa - karamin mutum da rashin adalci na duniya dangane da shi.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Mawallafin litattafai "The wawa", "Laifuka da azãba", "The Brothers Karamazov." Deep psychologist, har abada canza al'adar kwatanta ciki rayuwa da hali. Domin ciki facades na St. Petersburg da kuma ciki girgije ko da yaushe na kokarin barin mai karatu da bege. Rayayye bincika a cikin ayyukansu, da dangantaka tsakanin mutum da Allah.

Leo Tolstoy

Marubucin, wanda ya ba da duniya "yaki da zaman lafiya" da "Anna Karenina." Marubuci gaskiya Rasha rai. A pacifist duk rayuwarsa rayayye da yaki, wanda aka nuna a cikin ayyukansu. Ya yi imani da cewa mafi muhimmanci yanayin farin ciki - hadin kai na mutum da yanayi.

Anton Chekhov

Anekdotist, tilasta rubuta funny labaru don ciyar da iyali da kuma samun biya domin shi wasu kananan tsabar kudi. Zababbun na Rasha shi ne ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da wannan asali "Man ba tare da wani baƙin ciki." Ros dama a gaban mai karatu, aka hankali inganta da kuma samar da mafi muhimmanci samfurin ga dukkan duniya adabi - labaru na "barawo" da "maƙiya" daga cikin play "tsuntsun seagull" da "Three Sisters."

Anton Chekhov - na farko marubuci wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin ce cewa duk mutum matsaloli na daya - iyaka mutum wawanci.

kasida

Alexander Pushkin

A mafi girma Rasha mawãƙi kuma marubucin yawa waqe da waqe-waqe, ciki har da labari "Eugene Onegin" waka. Lokacin da kasashen waje ce "zababbun na Rasha", mafi m, da zarar ya kira Pushkin. A gaskiya ma, mahaliccin gargajiya Rasha shayari, da baiwa na Golden Age na Rasha waqe. A cikin kasidu iya tada dukan batutuwa - daga zamantakewa zãlunci ga dabara ji na soyayya.

Mikhail Lermontov

Marubucin na waka "Hero of Our Lokaci" da kuma wani layi na babbar iri-iri na waqe. Ya yi yaƙi a cikin Caucasus, daga abin da ya zama kusan cikakken fledged hali a cikin ayyukansu. Tambaye tambayoyi bukatar yaki da mutum rarrabuwa.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Mahaliccin futurism a cikin al'adu da sarari na Rasha. Ya rubuta su waqe a wani musamman echelon form. An mabiyin kwaminis, an dauki daya daga cikin mouthpieces na juyin juya halin. Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa kare gaskiya akida na juyin juya halin. Daya daga cikin manyan kasida na Azurfa Age.

Sergey Yesenin

Littafi Mayakovsky da kuma kammala ta daura a matsayin wani marubuci. Da dabara da kuma Narinderjot lyrics cewa har yanzu sarrafa su zauna har abada a bully da wani saurayi. Topics tashe magance mutum da yanayi, soyayya yanayi da kuma, ba shakka, to da mace.

Vladimir Vysotsky

Bard, marubucin yawa songs da waqe. A mafi girma mawãƙi na da Bronze Age. Ya wanda muryarsa ta duƙushe murya kamar muryar kasa wasiyya da cewa bar shi duk da zababbun cikin karni na 20th Rasha. Topics tashe ciki da waje fama mutum, da wuri a cikin al'umma da kuma duniya a general. Thin satirist.

Bulat Okudzhava

Har ila yau, wani mawãƙi, ya yi nasa waka a cikin nau'i na songs. A m da gaskiya, ya rubuta wakoki, cike da wasu cosmic reverie. Sau da yawa ya yi amfani da metaphors, samar da taimakon wadannan zurfin images. Yi waƙoƙi misalin siffar cewa ya sau daya ko (genially) parodied Vysotsky.

yan fim

Lev Kuleshov

Godiya ga shi, Rasha zababbun Suka fara bayyana a cikin film. Discoverer "Kuleshov Effect" - "biyu m frame na ma'anar, gam tare, haifar da wani sabon ma'anar." A gaskiya ma, ya kafa na hawa na labarin.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn

Marubucin na da sadaukarwa "jirgin ruwa na soja Potemkin", wanda har yanzu dubi wannan numfashi. Film sharhi da mahalicci da wani tsauri kafuwa.

A farko a Rasha wanda ya yi amfani da launi a cikin fim - a ja flag to duk wannan "jirgin ruwa na soja Potemkin."

Mikhail Romm

Documentary filmmaker ( "Talakawa Fin Karfi") da kuma caca ( "Nine hari na shekara guda") fina-finan. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci film theorists tsakiyar XX karni. VGIK malami da marubucin yawa kimiyya takardunku.

Andrei Tarkovsky

Mutumin kulawa don harba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet gaskiya art gidan. Ya kaset suna cike da sirri ma'anar, cike da metaphors kuma da dabara alamu. Ya kawar da "Solaris" da "Stalker", sau da yawa yin aikinsa a irin da kamã da jũna da misalai.

artists

Andrei Rublev

Modern Rasha zababbun cikin artists, dã mun kasance m ba tare da mutumin da ya kafa harsashin ginin Rasha zanen.

Author na da yawa gumaka, Andrei Rublev sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga wannan hadaddun art. Yanzu ayyukansa ne ba kawai a cikin majami'u amma kuma a cikin daban-daban galleries, da samfurori da kuma akida na iconography.

Ilya Repin

marubucin da yawa zane-zane da kuma cikakken workaholic. Daga karkashin hannunsa daga abubuwa kamar "The ba tsammani", "jirgin ruwa" da "Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa." Jagora situational, "Scene" zane-zane.

Kowane daga cikin zane - kamar m dauka a lokacin koli na taron, wanda ya yi kokarin kama. Ya zane-zane ne da rashin iyaka da rai, kuma ba ko da yaushe bayyana ta gaskiya ma'anar farko duba. Muhimmanci a Repin - ne tausaya na haruffa da kuma cikakken bayani.

Kazimir Malevich

Babban modernist, da aka sani da marubucin ya riga ya zama wani gidan sunan "Black Square". Na yi aiki da neman sabon siffofin da kuma hanyoyi na bayyana launi a zanen. Ya zane-zane da suke cike da abstraction da kuma lissafi siffofi, kokarin ƙirƙira wani sabon abu a cikin art. Ina kokarin samun a zane-zane da "cikakkiyar natsuwa."

Composers

Pyotr Tchaikovsky

Daya daga cikin na farko Rasha sana'a composers, Tchaikovsky sanya music na gaskiya craft (a cikin mai kyau ma'ana). Ya kasance mutum wanda kawai ba zai iya rubuta music.

Musamman bambancin batutuwa tashe a duk yiwu nau'o'i sanya na mawaki Petra Ilicha, iya isa cikin zukatan kowa da kowa. Mafi shahara daga cikin ayyukansa - da ballets "The Nutcracker" da "Swan Lake".

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

A mafi yawan sanannun marubucin operas tsakanin Rasha composers. Babban batutuwa yi aiki tare da Nikolai Andreyevich - labaru da tatsuniyoyi ( "Three mu'ujiza", "The Snow Maiden").

Na yi imani da cewa babban manufar music - shi ne hadin kan da mai sauraro da gaskiya yanayi na duniya, wanda za a iya bayyana a wata kama, melodic form.

Dmitri Shostakovich

Mawaki da wani hadadden rabo, da farko ya yi aiki a cikin modernist style, kuma rayayye gwaji a duk nau'o'i. Duk da haka, da "Lady Macbeth na Mtsensk" bai son Stalin da kaina, sa'an nan aka bi ta m danniya.

Domin ya cece shi da iyalinsa, Shostakovich ya yi a wani zalla "jama'a" key. Duk da haka, ya music kuma da gaske ya tabbatar da cewa ko da wani sauki saurarõnsu ya ji undertones kashe mawaki. Mutane da yawa da dabara moods da ma'ana, wanda ya kashe a cikin taron makada №5 da №7, sa'an nan kowa ya gane.

masana harkokin kimiyya

Mikhail Lomonosov

A farko Rasha lexicographer, "mutane na duk sciences." Rasha ta jagoranci binciken a Turai matakin. Na yi yawa binciken a kusan kowane kimiyyar zamani a gare shi.

Kamar yadda wani Academician da kuma daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki mutane daga cikin lokaci, shi ne wani icon ga Rasha haske.

Dmitri Mendeleev

An riga an zama almara Rasha sunadarai, wanda ya iya ya halicci cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin sunadarai abubuwa, game da shi ƙwarai ingiza duniyar kimiyya. The wanzuwar irin wannan a tebur a fili jituwa yanayi da ta bayyana tsarin.

Daya daga cikin mafi girma da binciken a tarihin 'yan adam, wanda, a gaskiya, rike da dukan zamani halitta kimiyya, nasa ne shi. Na yi aiki a cikin wasu kimiyyar, inda ya kuma yi daban-daban binciken.

Ivan Pavlov

A farko Nobel Prize lashe daga Rasha. Pavlov sanya muhimmanci binciken a ilmin halitta da kuma Physiology - cewa ya samu gaban reflexes a jikin halittu masu rai. Kuma wannan Rasha masanin kimiyyar kasa su kashi matukar da kuma mika wuyansu.

Wannan samu Pavlov ya sadaukar da dukan rai da kuma ko da mutuwa, sai ya ci gaba shibta da dalibai su ji - cewa kimiyya ya iya samun su san da yanayin mutuwa.

'yan wasa

Ivan Poddubny

A almara Rasha kokawar, "gwarzo na XX karni". A cikin shekaru goma, na yi ba bata guda lokaci. Sau biyar zakara a kokawar.

Garry Kasparov

Dara player da yawan lambobin yabo, da "dara Oscar", kuma da lakabi na zakaran duniya. Ya zama shahararren sosai nasara hade da daban-daban dabara da kuma dabarun, da kuma ikon su fita ne daga wani alama gaba daya bungled jam'iyyar lashe.

"Debuts Kasparov" - don haka yanzu ake kira m da kuma unconventional motsa zuwa farkon wasan.

Lev Yashin

A Soviet goalie, domin ta shahara cikakkar "neprobivaemostyu". An dauke da mafi kyau golan na XX karni. Akai-akai gane a matsayin mafi kyau golan na Tarayyar Soviet. Winner na "Golden Ball".

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, da fice hali a cikin tarihi na Rasha sun zama muhimmiyar ga dukkan bil'adama. Chekhov iya amince a kira shi da mafi kyau marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo na duniya, da kuma Mendeleyev - mafi girma sunadarai. Duk wadannan mutane suna da muhimmanci ba kawai ga Rasha amma kuma ga kowane yanki a cikin abin da suka kasance shahara.

Ana fatan cewa fice Figures na 21st karni Rasha za su zama kamar waɗanda suke a gabãninsu, suna nufin wani abu na duniya, ba kawai ga mahaifarsa.