'Yar Stalin shine Svetlana Alliluyeva. Tarihi da hotuna

'Yar Stalin, Svetlana Alliluyeva, ta fi son mahaifinta babba. Zai zama alama cewa yarinyar da aka haife shi a cikin iyalin mutumin da ke jagorancin babbar ƙasa an ƙaddara shi ne don makomar kyakkyawan makoma. Amma a gaskiya duk abin da ya fito dabam dabam. Rayuwar 'yar Stalin ta zama kamar ci gaba da bala'in, wanda ba shi da dangantaka da sakamakon zuriya masu girma na siyasa na Soviet Union.

Haihuwar

An haifi Svetlana ne a Leningrad a ranar ƙarshe ta hunturu na 1926. Ita ce ta biyu a cikin auren Joseph Stalin tare da Nadezhda Alliluyeva. Bugu da ƙari, ita "shugaban dukkan lokaci da mutane" da matarsa, Vasily dan ya girma. Har ila yau yarinyar tana da ɗan'uwana Yakov, wanda mahaifinsa na farko ya haifa mahaifinsa Ekaterina Svanidze (ya mutu a Jamus a lokacin yaƙi).

Life of Alliluyeva bayan kashe kansa

A wadata, wanda wasu zasu iya mafarki kawai, 'yar Stalin' yar Svetlana ta girma. Tarihin ta yaro ya ɓace ta mutuwar mahaifiyarta, wanda ya kashe kansa yayin da yarinyar ta kai shekaru 6. Svetlana ya ɓoye ainihin dalilin mutuwar mahaifiyarta, yana gaya mata cewa ta mutu a kan teburin aiki a yayin harin da aka yi da mummunan appendicitis. Amma, kamar yadda Allilueva kanta ta sake tunawa, daga bisani, mahaifiyarta ba ta iya tsayawa takaici da ba'a da mijinta mai girma. Bayan da ta kashe kansa, Svetlana da Vasily sun kasance marayu, saboda Yusufu Vissarionovich ya yi aiki sosai tare da al'amuran jama'a kuma ba shi da lokaci don ya ɗaga zuriyarsa.

Sveta yayi girma da yawa da yawa da kuma gwaninta. Wani direba mai zaman kansa ya kori ta zuwa azuzuwan. Tana da lafiya a makaranta, ta san Turanci. Bayan fashewar yakin, an kwashe ta da ɗan'uwansa Basil zuwa Kuibyshev. Rayuwar yarinyar ta damu. An hana ta tafiya, yin abokantaka da 'yan maƙwabta, magana da baki. Abin nishaɗi kawai ga Svetlana shine fina-finai da ta kallo akan maimaita fim din gidan.

Farko na farko

Vasily, ba kamar 'yar'uwarsa ba, ba ya so ya yi rawar jiki. Mahaifin gidan yana da mawuyacin hali, kuma saurayi, yana amfani da rashi, sau da yawa ya saba wa jam'iyyun da ba su da kyau. Daga cikin abokiyar ɗan'uwansa, mutum zai iya saduwa da masu kida, mawaƙa da masu wasanni da aka sani a lokacin. A daya daga cikin wadannan jam'iyyun, Svetlana mai shekaru 16 ya sadu da mai shekaru 39 da kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo Alexei Kapler. 'Yar Stalin ta ƙaunace shi. Tarihin wannan mace za ta ci gaba da cike da litattafai, amma ba za ta taɓa mantawa da ƙaunarta na farko ba. Ƙididdigar ɗan lokaci ba ta dame ko yarinya ko zaɓaɓɓen sa ba. Alexey ya kasance mai kyau da kyau kuma ya sami nasara tare da mata. A lokacin da ya sadu da Svetlana, ya sake auren sau biyu. Tsohuwar matansa sun kasance shahararrun matan mata na Soviet.

Matashi mai haske ya buga Kapler tare da kwarewarsa da kuma tsofaffi game da rayuwa. Shi mutum ne mai girma kuma ya gane cewa wani al'amari tare da 'yar' shugaban 'yan adam' zai iya kawo karshen mummunan aiki a gare shi, amma ba zai iya yin kome ba tare da yadda yake ji. Ko da yake Sguardta ya biyo bayan kuliya, sai ta yi tserewa daga zalunci kuma ta yi tafiya tare da ƙaunatacciyarsa a cikin tituna mai tsabta, ziyarci shi da Tretyakov Gallery, wasan kwaikwayon, wasan kwaikwayo na fina-finai a kwamitin Cinematography. A cikin takardunta na Svetlana Iosifovna ya rubuta cewa babu dangantaka tsakanin su, domin a cikin tarayyar Soviet jima'i kafin a yi aure an dauke shi wulakanci.

An fara jin dadin tsohuwar jinin Stalin 'yar. Sakatare Janar na Rundunar Sojan Amurka ya ƙi Kapler, kuma a cikin rayuwar mai wasan kwaikwayo ya fara matsala. An kira shi akai-akai zuwa ga Lubyanka kuma ya shafe tsawon sa'o'i na tambayoyi. Tun lokacin da yake hukunta Kapler saboda ƙaunar da Svetlana yake da shi ba zai yiwu ba, an zarge shi da yin leƙo asirin Birtaniya kuma aka yanke masa hukumcin aikin gyaran gyare-gyaren Vorkuta har tsawon shekaru 10. Ga yarinyar kanta, wannan labari ya ƙare tare da wasu nauyin nauyi daga mahaifinsa mai tsananin gaske.

Na farko aure

Karin bayani game da 'yar Stalin' yar Svetlana Alliluyeva tana da alaka da karatunta a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ta shiga cikin Faculty of Philology, amma, bayan kammala shekara ta farko, a karkashin matsin mahaifinsa ya koma tarihi. Yarinyar ta ƙi labarin, amma an tilasta masa mika wuya ga ra'ayin shugaban Kirista, wanda bai yarda da wallafe-wallafe da rubuce-rubuce a matsayin abin da ya dace ba.

A cikin shekaru dalibanta, Svetlana ya auri Grigory Morozov, abokiyar ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwansa. Yarinyar ta juya shekaru 18. Stalin ya kasance akan wannan aure kuma ya ƙi yarda da ganin surukinsa. A 1945, wata matashi biyu suna da ɗa, wanda ake kira Yusufu. Svetlana na farko da aure ya kasance kawai shekaru 4 kuma, ga babban farin ciki na Stalin, ya fadi. Kamar yadda Alliluyeva ya fada a cikin wata hira ta, Grigory Morozov ya ki kare kansa kuma ya so ta ba shi 'ya'ya goma. Svetlana bai yi nufin ya zama mahaifiyar mahaifiyarta ba. Maimakon haka, ta shirya don samun ilimi mafi girma. A lokacin shekarun aure tare da Morozov, wata matashiya ta yi mata 4, bayan haka ta yi rashin lafiya kuma ta aika don saki.

Aure a matsalolin mahaifinsa

A 1949, 'yar Yusufu Stalin, Svetlana Alliluyeva, ta sake yin aure. A wannan lokacin mijinta ya zaɓi mijinta. Sun zama dan sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis na Andrei Zhdanov shaidun kotu. Kafin bikin aure, matasa ba su da wata rana. Sun yi aure, domin Stalin yana son haka. Yuri ya karbi dan Svetlana daga auren farko. Shekara guda bayan haka, Alliluyeva ta haifi 'yar mijinta Catherine, sa'an nan kuma ya aika don saki. Josif Vissarionovich bai yarda da irin gudun hijira na Svetlana ba, amma bai iya sa shi ya zauna tare da mutum ba. Babban Sakataren Harkokin Jakadancin Amirka ya fahimci cewa ba zai yi biyayya da 'yarsa ba, kuma ya yi murabus ga yanayin tawaye.

Rayuwa bayan mutuwar mahaifin

A watan Maris na shekarar 1953, "jagoran dukkan mutane" ya tafi. Bayan rasuwar Svetlana mahaifin aka mika masa passbook, a kan asusun da akwai kawai 900 rubles. An cire duk kayanta na kansa da takardun Stalin daga ita. Amma matar ba ta iya kora game da rashin kula da kanta daga gwamnati ba. Tana da kyakkyawan dangantaka da Nikita Khrushchev, tare da wanda ta yi karatu a jami'ar tare. Svetlana ta wurin aikin a shekarar 1956 ya Cibiyar Duniya Wallafe-wallafe, inda ta an nazarin littattafai na Soviet marubuta.

To, menene 'yar Stalin Svetlana? Personal rayuwa shi a cikin 50s kara wani aure. A wannan lokacin, zababben Allyueva shine masanin kimiyyar Soviet-masanin kimiyyar Ivan Svanidze. Hadin gwiwa ya kasance daga 1957 zuwa 1959 kuma ya ƙare, kamar yadda a lokuta na baya, tare da kisan aure. Ma'aurata ba su da yara. Don samun haske a kan rashinta, Svetlana ya fara jin dadi. A wannan lokaci, jerin masu ƙaunarta sun kara girma daga marubucin Soviet da kuma malaman littafi mai suna Andrei Sinyavsky da mawaki David Samoilov.

Ku tsere zuwa yamma

A cikin shekaru sittin, tare da farkon Khrushchev "narke", makomar 'yar Stalin ta sake canji sosai. Svetlana Alliluyeva gana a Moscow da kuma wani dan kasa na Indiya Brajesh Singh da kuma ya zama na kowa-doka matar (shiga cikin wani m aure da baƙo da aka ba a yarda). Hindu na fama da rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu a ƙarshen 1966. Matar ta yi amfani da ita a cikin gwamnati, ta tambayi hukumomin Soviet cewa ta yarda ta dauki toka ta mijinta a gida. Bayan samun izini daga memba na Jam'iyyar CPCU Central Committee A. Kosygin, ta tafi Indiya.

Kasancewa daga Soviet Union, Svetlana ya gane cewa ba ta son koma gida. Shekara uku ta zauna a kauyen Singh na gida, sa'an nan kuma ya tafi Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Delhi kuma ya nemi Amurka don neman mafaka. Irin wannan abin da ba'a tsammani na Alliluyeva ya haifar da abin kunya a cikin USSR. A Soviet gwamnati ta atomatik sa suna ta a cikin jerin cin amanar. Wannan halin ya kara tsanantawa da cewa gidan Svetlana yana da ɗa da 'yar. Amma matar ba ta tsammanin ta yi watsi da su ba, domin, a ra'ayinta, yara sun riga sun isa su zauna da kansu. A wannan lokacin, Yusufu ya riga ya sami iyalinsa, kuma Catherine ta koyi a shekara ta farko na jami'a.

Canji a cikin Lana Peters

Ba zai yiwu ba bar Indiya kai tsaye zuwa Amurka a Alliluyeva. Don kada ya gagara dangantakar da ke tsakanin Soviet Union, 'yan diplomasiyyar Amurka sun aike da mace zuwa Switzerland. Wani ɗan lokaci Svetlana ya zauna a Turai, sannan ya koma Amirka. A Yamma, 'yar Stalin ba matalauta ba ne. A 1967, ta wallafa littafi "20 haruffa zuwa aboki," inda ta bayyana mahaifinta da rayuwarsa kafin barin Moscow. Svetlana Iosifovna ya fara rubutawa a cikin USSR. Wannan littafin ya zama abin mamaki a duniya kuma ya kawo marubucin game da dala miliyan 2.5 a cikin kuɗi.

Rayuwa a wata ƙasa mai nisa, Svetlana yayi ƙoƙarin shirya rayuwar mutum tare da mai tsara William Peters. Bayan auren, wanda ya faru a shekara ta 1970, ta dauki sunan mahaifiyar mijinta kuma ta rage sunanta, ta zama kawai Lana. Ba da daɗewa ba, mai suna Misis Peters yana da 'yar, Olga. Ba tare da ƙaunar da mijinta na Amurka ba, Svetlana ya sanya kusan dukiyarta a cikin ayyukansa. Lokacin da dukiyarta ta kare, auren ya ɓace. Daga baya, Alliluyeva ya gane cewa 'yar'uwarsa, ta amince da cewa "yar jaririn Soviet" ya kamata ya sami miliyoyin miliyoyin mahaifinta, ya auri Peters ya aure ta. Sanin cewa ta yi kuskure, ta yi duk abin da ɗan'uwana ya sake shi. Bayan kisan aure a 1972 na auren 'yar Stalin' yar Svetlana Alliluyeva (hoto tare da William Peters an gabatar da shi a kasa), sai ta riƙe sunan sunan mijinta kuma ya zauna tare da Olga. Babban mahimman kayan samun kuɗi shi ne rubuce-rubuce da kuma gudummawa daga kungiyoyin agaji.

Dawowar Alliluyeva zuwa Union

A 1982 Svetlana ya koma London. A can ta bar Olga a makarantar shiga Quaker kuma ta tashi don tafiya a duniya. Ba zato ba tsammani ga dukkan, matar ta koma Rundunar ta USSR a shekarar 1984. Dalilin wannan yanke shawara daga bisani ya bayyana cewa Olga ya bukaci samun ilimi mai kyau, kuma a cikin Hukumar ta USSR an bayar da shi kyauta. Hukumomin Soviet sun gaishe mai gudun hijira. An mayar da ita ta zama ɗan ƙasa, ya ba gidaje, mota da direba na sirri, fensho. Amma ba ta son zama a Moscow kuma ta koma gidan mahaifinta a Georgia. A nan Alliluyeva an ba da matsayin sarauta. Olga ya fara zuwa makarantar, ya dauki darussan Rasha da Georgian da kuma yin wasan motsa jiki. Amma rayuwa a Tbilisi bai kawo Svetlana farin ciki ba. Don mayar da lalata dangantakar da yara da shi kuma ba zai yiwu ba. Yusufu da Catarina sunyi fushi da mahaifiyar cewa kusan shekaru 20 da suka wuce ta jefa su. Svetlana, 'yar Stalin, ba ta iya samun fahimta daga dangi ba. Tarihinta ya ƙunshi bayanin cewa a 1986 ta da 'yarta ta sake komawa Amurka. A wannan lokacin babu matsala tare da tashi. Gorbachev da kansa ya umarci 'yar' shugaban 'yan adam' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '. A baya a cikin Amurka, Alliluyeva har abada ya rabu da 'yan asalin Soviet.

Re-shigowa da rushewar rayuwa

Ta yaya kuma a ina ne 'yar Stalin' yar Svetlana Alliluyeva ta rayu bayan tashi ta biyu daga USSR? A baya a cikin Jihar, wata tsofaffiyar mace ta zauna a Richland, Wisconsin. Sadarwa tare da dan Yusufu da 'yar Catherine, ta tsaya gaba ɗaya. Nan da nan Olga ya fara zama dabam daga ita kuma ya rayu a kanta. Na farko, Svetlana Iosifovna ya yi hayan ɗaki na musamman, sa'an nan kuma ya koma gida ga tsofaffi. A cikin shekarun 90, ta zauna a wani gidan kayan abinci a London, sa'an nan kuma ya koma Amirka. Shekaru na ƙarshe ta rayuwarta, Alliluyeva ta shafe a gidan rediyo na garin Madison na Amurka. Rashin ciwon daji a kan Nuwamba 22, 2011. A cikin umurnin ta, Alliluyeva ya bukaci a binne shi karkashin sunan Lana Peters. Ba a san inda ake binne shi ba.

Yara na Svetlana Iosifovna

Shekaru 85, 'yar Stalin ta zauna a wannan duniya. Tarihin wannan mace ba zai cika ba, idan ba a ambaci yadda yarinyar 'ya'yanta uku ke ciki ba. Babban ɗan Alliluyeva, Yusufu ya ba da ransa don magani. Ya shiga cikin ilimin zuciya kuma ya rubuta ayyukan kimiyya masu yawa a kan ciwon zuciya. Game da mahaifiyarsa Joseph Grigorievich ba ta son gaya wa 'yan jarida, yana cikin mummunan dangantaka da ita. Ya rayu shekara 63. Ya mutu daga wani bugun jini a shekarar 2008.

'Yar Svetlana Iosifovna Catarina ta aiki a matsayin masanin ilimin halitta. Kamar dan uwanta, ta yi fushi sosai a Alliluyeva lokacin da ta bar yamma, ta bar yara kawai. A kan tambayoyin 'yan jarida game da mahaifiyarta, Ekaterina Yurievna ba ta son amsawa, yana cewa ba ta san wannan mata ba. Don ɓoyewa daga karuwa mai yawa daga 'yan jaridu da hukumomi na intanet, Alliluyeva' yar ta bar Kamchatka, inda ta kasance har yau. Yana haifar da rayuwa mai rufi.

Matar ƙarami, Olga Peters, ta zama dan jariri ga Alliluyeva. Ta haife ta a shekara ta biyar. Lokacin da yayi girma, Olga ya canza sunansa zuwa Chris Evans. A yau tana zaune a Amurka, yana aiki a matsayin mai sayarwa. A cikin Rasha, mace ba ta magana ba. Kamar dai dan uwanta da 'yar'uwarsa, Olga ba shi da dangantaka da uwarsa.

Rayuwa mai dadi da rai na iya zama tare da 'yar Stalin' yar Svetlana Alliluyeva. Tarihin daga hoto, wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, ya ba wa masu karatu damar koyi abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da ita. Wannan mata ba ta jin tsoron abin kunya, ra'ayi na jama'a da yarda. 'Yar "shugaban al'umma" ta san yadda za a so, ta sha wahala kuma ta fara rayuwa. Ba ta iya zama uwar kirki ba ga 'ya'yanta, amma ba ta taba shanta ba. Svetlana Iosifovna bai jure wa lokacin da ake kira ta Stalin 'yar ba, don haka, yana cikin yamma, sai ta ce ta gaishe sunanta na har abada. Amma, zama mai suna Lana Peters, ta kasance ga dukan duniya "yar jaririn Soviet".