Spratly Islands: photo, tarihi, ainihi, dama. Battle a Spratlys (1988)

Spratly Islands - karamin tarin tsiburai a cikin tekun kudancin China. Su sun dade da zama kan batun hujja tsakanin jihohi da dama, ya dade da aka ƙoƙarin ya dauki iko. A mafi kyau wurare a duniya sun zama wani batu na yaki, m rigingimu tsakanin jihohi da dama.

geolocation

A cikin tekun kudancin China fiye da 400 daban-daban kankara, reefs da kuma sauran abokai, ciki har da about 200 kunshe a cikin Spratly tarin tsiburai. Duk wadannan tsibiran asali murjani asalin. Su ne low kuma kananan. Tsawo ba fiye da 6 mita. Da zarar wadannan tsibirin samuwar aka kira Coral Island.

Spartli Islands ne a tekun kudancin China. Wannan teku - Semi-kewaye sarari na tekun Pacific, dake tsakanin gaba da Asia, pool, Indochina da Malay Larabawa, a Sumatra, Kalimantan, Palawan, Mindoro da kuma Taiwan. Tekun kudancin China ne mai arziki tsibiran. Kusa da dama hanyoyi babbar supertanker a duniya. Bisa ga bayanan kimiyya a cikin wannan yanki ne da mayar da hankali manyan reserves na man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Yana da aka asali teku ne mai dabarun abu, saboda ruwanta wanke gaba na shida manyan ikokin.

The asalin daga cikin tsibiran

Mafi yawa daga cikin tsibiran - ambaliyar ruwa tidal Shoals, reefs, m cliffs, m ga mutum rayuwa, kazalika da wakiltar babbar matsala ga marine tasoshin. Amma cikin sharuddan da dabarun da kuma siyasa wadannan kananan tsibiran da babban muhimmanci a duniya. Bayan mallakarsu damar jihar-mai da'awar ba kawai a kan tsibiran da kansu, amma kuma a kan ruwa m sarari, ciki har da albarkatun. Har zuwa karshen 70s na karshe karni ga m m reefs da kuma tsibiran na wani amfani ya kasance mãsu fakowa ba.

Spratly Islands yankin - shi ne yankin na game da 180,000 murabba'in kilomita. Tare da wannan yanki na ƙasar yankin da kanta ne kawai dan kadan fiye da 10 murabba'in mita. kilomita, ciki har da lokaci-lokaci bayyana a kan surface teku ilimi. Located Spratly Islands fotokotoryh gabatar a cikin labarin, kudu Paracel tarin tsiburai kilomita 500. Adadin su ba akai, shi ya dogara da yanayi da kuma tide lokaci. All ilimi suna warwatse a cikin tẽku, a cikin hanyar wani baka tsawon kusan 1000 kilomita. Ana cire su daga "nahiyar":

• Kalimantan - 30 km.
• Palawan - 60 km.
• K'abilan Biyetnam Cam Ranh tashar jirgin ruwa - 460 km.
• Sin tsibirin Hainan - 970 km.

shafukan na tarihi

A tarihin Spratly Islands ne:

• Back a '59 BC aka hukumance sanya farko ambaci Sin masana tarihi game da tsibiran, wanda sai ya zama sananne geographers na daular Han.
• Kawai a cikin 1211, da tarin tsiburai aka farko kama a kan taswirar kasar Sin.
• A 1405, sanannen Sin navigator Chzhen Ya kai kuma ziyarci wata yawan tsibiran.
• A 1478 farfashe jirgin ruwa dauke da china a kan reefs na tarin tsiburai.
• A 1530, Explorer Alvarez De Albuquerque Diegos aka aiko a search na Sin hanya. A lokaci guda ya ziyarci yammacin tsibirin na tarin tsiburai.
• A wannan yanki a 1606 Clemente Andreas De Pessora kira ya gano tsibirin - Santa Esmeralda Pekuena. Yana daya daga cikin atolls, da Spratly tarin tsiburai.
• A 17th karni, "Katin hanyõyi a Kudancin Lands" Har Va ambaci Spratly Islands, da ake kira "rawaya yashi" yana nufin Sin Kuangigay lardin. Bayan haka, Nguyen mulki daular fara aika a kowace shekara zuwa gaba daga cikin tsibiran 18 na jiragen ruwa.
• A kan tushen da kasar Sin tarihi rubutu gabatar data dating baya zuwa 1710, da yake da'awarsu, na Spratly Islands Sin ikon mallakar. A lokaci guda a kan Arewa Island gina karamin haikali ist Key.
• A 1714 uku Dutch jirgin da aka farfashe kashe bakin tekun na Spratlys. K'abilan Biyetnam masunta tsĩrar da tawagar. The Dutch gabatar da sarki, sa'an nan ya aika gida.
• The sarki na Nguyen daular ikirarin "Company Hoang Sa" domin yin amfani da ruwan da tsibirin na tekun kudancin China. Jirãge da hannu a cikin kamfanin da damar zuwa duk daga cikin tsibiran 6 sau a shekara.
• Daga 1730 zuwa 1735 shekaru, da fashi amfani da Spratly Islands matsayin farawa tushe don kai hare-hare a kan wucewa ta cikin Dutch, Birtaniya da Portuguese jiragen ruwa. A 1735, Birtaniya hallaka fashin teku gida a cikin tarin tsiburai.
• A lokacin daga 1758 zuwa 1768 a lokacin da Faransa admiral Sharl Ektor Théoden ziyarci Vietnam domin ya yi amfani da Spratly tarin tsiburai ga filin ajiye motoci da motocin. A lokaci guda ya Notes gaban bindigogi na Turai da simintin dauka daga cikin jiragen ruwa farfashe a cikin tarin tsiburai kashe bakin tekun.
• Tarihi Le Ki Don a 1784 ba wani sabon bayanin da murjani tsibirin.
• A 1786, Generalissimo Tay Ɗan bada domin fara neman da tsibirin na zinariya, da azurfa, da bindigogi daga sunken jiragen ruwa, kazalika da samuwa na rare kifi da bawo na kunkuru. A saboda wannan dalili kasaftawa 4 jiragen ruwa.
• A 1791, British Captain Henry Spratly tsibirin yayi yawa ilimi. Su ya bada sunansa a hukumance.
• A 1798, a kan wani tsibirin a cikin Spratly tarin tsiburai, Birtaniya saka wani kallo hasumiya. Its kango har yanzu wanzu.
• A 1816, Sarkin sarakuna Gia Long na Vietnam a hukumance ya yi kira mulkin kai da mulkin Spratly Islands.
• A lokacin daga 1835 zuwa 1847 shekaru, ga ambatar Mai Paracel Islands da Spratly Islands an samu akai-akai a cikin takardun da K'abilan Biyetnam shugabanni. A wannan yanayin, babu wani tabbaci daga cikin tsibiran na kasar Sin.
• A 1847, da Sarkin sarakuna na kasar Sin ya zartas da dokar a kan gwamnati na ƙasashen Spratly warships gano yankin.
• A 1848, da mulki, Sarkin Nam Ha K'abilan Biyetnam ya haifar da wani kananan soja sojojin saka idanu wasan kwaikwayon na waje fleets a cikin tsibiran.
• Faransa tarihi Dubois de Jancigny a 1850 ya shaida ga jirgin a kan tsibirin na Sarkin Vietnam.
• A cikin "muqala a kan tarihin na Vietnam," Nguen Chong a 1876 ambaci tsibirin kamar yadda na ga ƙasashe na mulkin.
• A tsibirin Amboyna Faransa hasumiya mai fitila gina a 1887.
• Tare da bakin tekun na tarin tsiburai a 1895, farfashe biyu jiragen ruwa ɗora Kwatancen da tagulla. Cargo nemi fita da kai da mazauna tsibirin Hainan. UK aika rubutu na rashin amincewa ga kasar Sin da jagoranci. Duk da haka, shi yana karɓa mai mayar da martani da cewa yankin inda rushewar faru, tare da kasar Sin ba da hali, da kuma gwamnatin kasar Sin ba ta da alhakin abin da ke faruwa a cikin Spratly Islands.
• A 1898, a sanya hannu na Spanish-American yarjejeniya ƙayyade hukuma kan iyakoki na Philippines, da kuma Spratly yankin da aka ba a hada.
• A 1901, Japan ta tilas kwaci Dongsha Island, da kuma a 1908 sayar da shi a kasar Sin.
• A shekarar 1906 ya buga na "Guide to yanayin kasa na kasar Sin", wanda fayyace iyakokin kasar. Spratly Islands ba a hada.
• A cikin watan Yuni 1909, Gwamnan na Sin lardunan Guangdong da jihar Guangxi ta aika soja gunboats ga tsibirin kama.
• Faransa balaguro a shekara ta 1925 ya tabbatar da cewa Paracel Islands wani bangare ne na Jihar Vietnam.
• Faransa to "De Lanessan" an aika zuwa gaba na Spratly tarin tsiburai gano da atolls da reserves na phosphates.
• A 1930, ta domin na tsibirin Indochina Gwamna Janar Spratly shelar Faransa ƙasa.
• A shekara ta 1933, a can ne soja zama na lamba na tsibiran a tekun kudancin China, ciki har da Spratly.
• A watan Disamba na 1933, da Spratly tarin tsiburai kunshe a Cochin kasar Sin (China) lardin. Spratly Island ne mai suna Nansha.
• Japan ministan harkokin wajen kasar a watan Maris 1939 sanar da Spratly Islands Japan ƙasa. A watan Afrilu, boren da Faransa, da nuna su dama ga ƙasar.
• A shekarar 1945, Japan yayi watsi da da'awar da Spratlys. A kasar Sin da sojojin komai a fili a cikin tarin tsiburai karkashin inuwar na kwance damarar yaki da Japan da sojoji.
• A shekarar 1947, shi ya ayyana wani jami'in rashin amincewa daga Faransa gwamnatin kasar Sin game da ba bisa doka ba zama na Spratly Islands. Amma a watan Disamba, da umurninmu ya je a kan aiki tarin tsiburai tsibirin kungiyoyin Paracel da Spratly Sin sunayen da Xisha da Nansha, bi da bi. Dukan su suna kunshe a kasar Sin.
• A 1950, kasar Sin ta sojojin gwamnatin bar tsibirin, ɓuya a Taiwan.
• A Philippine gwamnati ikirarin mallakar tsibiran a 1951. China zanga-zangar. A {asar Vietnam gwamnatin Bao Daya ya furta da mamayar. A daidai wannan lokaci, kasar Japan ta gaba daya watsi da da'awar.
• A shekarar 1956, akwai siyasa da kuma soja arangama tsakanin Philippines, China, Vietnam. Faransa sanar da su hakkin doka da Spratly Islands.
• Kasashe shida kafin shekara ta 1974 sun rigingimu a kan ikon mallakar daga cikin tarin tsiburai. Daban-daban tsibiran ya koma daban-daban jihohi.
• A watan Janairu na shekarar 1974, da farko harin bom na wasu daga cikin tsibiran daga kasar Sin da aka yi. A {asar Vietnam gwamnatin ya nema da taimako na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sa'an nan kai na {asar Vietnam ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar Labarai Amurka.
• Har shekara ta 1988, akwai kadan matsala a kan rabo daga cikin ƙasa daga cikin tsibiran a tekun kudancin China. A shekarar 1984, Brunei shiga zuwa rigingimu.
• A shekarar 1988, an makamai rikici ya faru. Battle ga Spratly Islands ya faru tsakanin soja na kasar Sin da kuma Vietnam a yankin na Reef Johnson kungiyar Spratly Islands. A daidai wannan lokaci ta kashe 70 K'abilan Biyetnam matuƙan. The Battle na Spratly Islands a shekarar 1988 ya zama mafi muni ga dukan zamanin da rigingimu da siffantawa. Yawan matattu sojan kasar Sin da aka kafa.
• Kafin shekarar 1996, an zubar da jini ƙasar grabs. A Janairu 1996, akwai wani manyan bindigogi yaƙi tsakanin Philippine da Sin warships.
• Har yanzu yankin da rigingimu ba su hanu ba, amma switched zuwa wani m hanya.

Rigingimu a kan Spratly

Yankin rigingimu, wanda ya zama Spratly tsibirin cibiyar, shi nasa ne a jihar, aka dogara ne a kan daban-daban dalilai, babban abin da sune:

• Geopolitical da muradi.
• Control sufuri hanyoyi.
• Gaban a yankin.
• Fadada daga kan iyakoki da kuma tattalin arziki zones.
• Mastering duk albarkatun na yankin.

A wannan yanayin, da cikakken son rai dauke sharadi na Spratlys yana da wani shiri na yin kowane jihar da ake ji a gare su. Duk da haka, wani sabon jihar, iƙirarin da bukatu a cikin tarin tsiburai. Wannan shi ne Amurka, da ban sha'awa na kasar - da man fetur. Duk da tsibiran suna dauke yiwuwa ga hydrocarbons.

Control daga cikin tsibiran

A lokacin a tekun kudancin China, a wuya halin da ake ciki. A jeri na sojojin da kayayyaki da dama daga cikin Spratly Islands ne:

• China bada iko a kan tara atolls na tarin tsiburai.
• Ƙungiyoyin sojoji na Vietnam zaunar a kan 21 tsibirin.
• Philippines gabatar da kansu zuwa 8 Islands.
• Malaysia 3 iko da tsibirin.
• A cikin mafi girma a tsibirin Taypindao ne sojojin a Taiwan.
• Wasu tsibirai zama free (mun gwada).

Aikace-aikace na "Dokar teku"

Yanzu kawai "Dokar teku" iya sanin ko matsayi na tsibiran. Yanzu shi ne "tasiri zama". Wancan ne, a karkashin dokokin kowace ƙasa a duniya yana da wani hakki a da'awar da tattalin arziki sashi na yankin ruwayen ko kama da m shiryayye. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu ne kawai idan shiri na tsibiran da kuma kula da a kan tattalin arziki da ayyukan. Amma mafi yawan wadannan tsibiran ne don haka kananan ko lokaci zuwa lokaci flooded da abin da ba za mu iya magana game da su zuwa.

adawa yarjejeniya

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a shekarar 1994, da matakai na lumana shiri na rikici da aka yi. Yana soma wani ƙuduri a kan ƙulla da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Vietnam da kuma China sun zo da wani unspoken yarjejeniya, yankan shawara ga amsa tambayoyi game da mulkin Spratly Islands ya fasa for shekaru 50. Aka yanke shawarar ci gaba tare da albarkatun kasa a kan wani hadin-akai.

A yi na wucin gadi tsibiran

Duk da haka, da hukuma Beijing ya tako har} o} arinta wajen samar da wani shiryayye tun 2002. Fara aiki a kan gina wucin gadi tsibiran. Wannan ne trump katin a rikicin da sauran jihohi. Lalle ne, repopulating cikin tsibiran, kasar Sin za ta samu iko a kansu.

Artificial tsibiran a cikin Spratly tarin tsiburai - aljanna domin yawon bude ido. Amma ya zuwa yanzu suka zauna kawai soja. Sin sannu a hankali qara yanki na "su" tsibiran a tekun kudancin China. Wadannan Tsarin zai iya yin tsayayya da wani gine-gine. China ne juyayi game da US wasa Allah, yin ostrovostroitelstvom juya m Atoll a cikin kyakkyawan tsibirin tare da farin yashi rairayin bakin teku da kuma kore yankunan. A daya daga cikin tsohon Reef gina dasa-titin jiragen sama da kuma greenhouse. A wucin gadi tsibiran riga da 4 daga cikin Airfield.

Fãce domin dalilin siyasa a yi daga cikin tsibiran, kasar Sin korarsu tattalin arziki da bukatun. Halittar wucin gadi tsibiran za su taimaka kasar Sin, don samar da m da'awar zuwa yankin ruwayen cikin 200 miles. Amurka ta ce, kasar Sin ba su gane wucin gadi tsibiran a tekun kudancin China a 2012, amma babu matakan tsaro a can.

Yanzu da taimakon wani wucin gadi karuwa a ƙasar China ya kasance iya fadada su Holdings da 1.5 murabba'in kilomita. Kara yanki na tsibirin zai ba da damar ƙarshe shiga makwabtan reefs, atolls da kuma tsibiran.

Lokacin da neman a sakamakon da kasar Sin ta aiki akwai wani ji cewa Spratly Islands hutu don yawon bude ido za su iya samar da cikakken ni'ima. Idan shiri daga cikin tsibiran kai da ganiya, a lokacin da za su duka bukata ga wani dadi zaman, da Spratly zama "Makka" na duniya yawon shakatawa. Bugu da kari, yanayin damina da kuma geolocation Islands hadu duk da sharudda na wuri mai kyau hutu.