'Yan bindigar na "Musulunci jihar". Kungiyar ta'addanci ta Islama

Ya zuwa yanzu, kungiyar ta'addanci mafi haɗari a duniya shine ƙungiyar "Islamic State" (IG). Kowace rana adadin magoya bayansa suna girma, kuma girman yankunan da ake sarrafawa ta karuwa. Bari mu dubi abubuwan da ya haifar da wannan lamari kuma mu gano hatsarin da 'yan ta'adda na "Musulunci jihar" ke kaiwa duniya.

Gabatar da wani kungiya

Bayan da aka kayar da gwamnatin Saddam Hussein a Iraki a shekara ta 2003, wannan kasar ta zama daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin Musulunci. A da karkararta fara aiki a yawa Musulmi kungiyoyin ta'adda, yafi Sunni, ya sanar da burin na yaki da Amurka, Isra'ila da kuma Shia. Daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi shi ne Ansar al-Islam, wanda al-Zarqawi ya jagoranci, wanda daga bisani ya gane cewa shi ne kungiyar Al Qaeda.

An kididdiga tarihin IG tun shekara ta 2006, lokacin da aka fara kafa "Islamic State of Iraq" da aka sanar a kan rabuwa da wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Iraqi ta Al Qaeda da sauran kungiyoyin ta'addanci Musulmi. Cibiyar wannan ƙungiyar ta san birnin Mosul, kuma shugaban farko shi ne Abu Abdullah al-Baghdadi. Tun kwanakin farko na wanzuwar, kungiyar tana da hannu sosai wajen aikin soja da ayyukan ta'addanci a Iraki. Tun daga tsakiyar watan Mayu 2010, bayan mutuwar wanda ya riga ya wuce, shugaban kungiyar shine Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi tare da sunan sarki.

Zuwan Siriya

A halin yanzu, bayan yakin basasa a Siriya tsakanin shugaban kasar Assad da mayakanta a mulkinsa a shekara ta 2011, daga cikinsu akwai 'yan kungiyar Islama, wannan kasa ta zama abin kyamacin rashin zaman lafiya a yankin. Kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda daban-daban sun fara garken a nan.

Ƙungiyar da Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ya jagoranci bai kasance ba. Game da isowa a Siriya, ya karbi sabon suna daga farkon watan Afrilu 2013: "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant". Wannan ya haifar da fushi tsakanin shugabannin Al-Qaeda, musamman ma magajin Usama bin Laden Ayman al-Zawahiri. Bayan haka, kungiyar Al-Qaeda ta yi la'akari da wannan rukunin, kuma a Siriya ta riga ta yi amfani da wasu kwayoyin halitta - "gaban Nusra."

A halin yanzu, IGIL ya dauki iko da wani ɓangare na Siriya. Tsakanin tsakiyar shekarar 2014, a karkashin ikonsa babban yanki ne na ƙasar Siriya fiye da kowane ɓangaren rikici, ciki har da gwamnatin Assad.

Ƙarshe na ƙarshe tare da Al Qaeda

Bayan al-Baghdadi ya ki yarda da kira na al-Zawahri don dawo da mayakansa zuwa Iraki, a cikin Fabrairun 2014, jagorancin Al-Qaeda ya sanar da cikakken hutu da IGIL kuma cewa wannan tsari ba shi da nasaba. Bugu da ƙari, tashin hankali ya fara tsakanin IGIL da kuma tarihin 'yan al Qaeda, kungiyar kungiyar Front-Al-Nusra. A lokacin rikici tsakanin su, kimanin mutane 1800 ne suka rasa rayukansu a bangarorin biyu.

Duk da haka, tare da farkon amfani da iska ta hanyar hadin gwiwa na Yammacin Turai, ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye tsakanin IGIL da "Front of An-Nusra" sun haɗa da yarjejeniya akan ayyukan haɗin gwiwa.

Da shelar Khalifanci

Bayan nasarar da sojojin suka samu a farkon rabin shekarar 2014, 'yan bindigar Musulunci na Iraq da Levant sun dauki manyan yankunan Syria da Iraki, da kuma wasu manyan garuruwa, ciki har da Mosul da Tikrit, suna kusa da Baghdad. A cikin irin wannan nasarar, shugabansu Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi a tsakiyar shekarar 2014 ya bayyana kansa kalifa.

Wannan lamari ne mai ban mamaki, saboda ma'anar Kalifa yana nufin da'awar cewa ya fi girma a kan dukkanin musulmai. A karshe, wanda ya dauki wannan lakabi, wakilin gidan sarautar Osman Abdul-Majid II, wanda aka hana shi a shekarar 1924. Saboda haka, al-Baghdadi da'awar da mayẽwa daga Ottoman sultans kuma, daidai da, da ƙasa da zarar iko da shi. A lokaci guda kuma, ya goyi bayan ra'ayin kirkirar sararin samaniya.

A wannan haɗin, an yanke shawarar kawar da haɗin yanki a cikin sunan kungiyar, yanzu kuma ya zama sanannun: "Musulunci Islama".

Kamfanonin jiragen sama na kungiyar hadin guiwa a kan 'yan tawayen IG

Da yake ganin hatsarin da 'yan bindigar musulunci suka gabatar a duniya, wasu kasashen yammaci, ciki har da Amurka, Ostiraliya, Birtaniya da Faransa, sun yanke shawarar daukar mataki tare da ta'addanci. Tun daga Yuni na 2014, wadannan iko sun haifar da tashin hankali a kan matsayi na masu tsatstsauran ra'ayin ra'ayi a yankin Siriya da Iraq. A yayin harin bam din, Khalifa al-Baghdadi ya ji rauni, wanda ya mutu a watan Maris na shekarar 2015. Bisa ga wani juyi, bai mutu ba, amma kawai ya gurguzu. Wanda ya maye gurbin shi ne Abu Ala Al-Afri, wanda aka kashe a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2015.

Kashewar Kurdawa

Kungiyar "Islamic State" ta sha wahala mafi munin, kamar yadda aka yi imani, ta sha kashi a cikin tarihinsa a cikin fadace-fadace da Kurdawan garin Koban, wanda ya faru daga farkon lokacin kaka daga 2014 zuwa Janairu 2015. Duk da cewa 'yan bindiga sun gudanar da wannan birni na dan lokaci, an kori su daga baya. Daga Fabrairun 2015 zuwa yanzu, akwai fadace-fadace ga yankunan da ke kewaye.

Amma duk da yawancin kasawar da mutuwar shugabanninsu, 'yan Boko Haram sun ci gaba da sarrafa manyan yankuna, kuma a halin yanzu suna barazana ba kawai ga yankin ba, amma ga dukan duniya.

Bayyanawa na "Musulunci Islama" zuwa wasu yankuna

Kodayake duk wata kasa a duniya ba ta san "Islamic State" ba, bayan sanarwar Khalifanci da kuma manyan nasarar soja na wannan kungiya, kungiyoyin ta'addanci daban-daban a duniya sun shiga shi, suna nuna kansu lardunan "Khalifanci".

Da farko dai, mayakan na IG sun sami damar samun kafa a Libya. A cikin Afrilu 2014, sun kama garuruwan Dern da Nophalia, kuma a lokacin da suka kewaye Sirte. Saboda haka, a Arewacin Afirka, an fara karfafa "jihar musulunci". Libya bayan da aka kayar da Gaddafi an raba shi da yakin basasa tsakanin Majalissar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da majalisar. Har ila yau, IG yana sarrafa yankunan kananan karamar ƙasa a can, suna jiran ci gaban tashin hankali tsakanin manyan matsalolin adawa.

Daya daga cikin na farko ya shiga IG "Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan", jagorancin shugaba Usmon Ghazi. Wannan kungiyar tana aiki ne a Afghanistan da Pakistan. A cikin shekarar 2014, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jakadancin Uzbekistan ta sanar da jama'a game da wannan.

A daidai wannan lokacin, kungiyar Islama ta Islama ta Ansar Beit al-MacDis ta ce game da shiga cikin "Musulunci jihar".

Bayan juyin mulki na Shi'a a Yemen da yakin basasa a can, al-Qaida a yankin Larabawa (AQAP) a cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 2015 ya sanar da cewa yana karya dangantaka tare da iyayenta da kuma rantsuwa da "alfijir" al-Baghdadi. A halin yanzu, ACAP tana iko da yankuna masu girma a Yemen.

A farkon farkon shekara ta 2015, kungiyar ta'addanci ta Boca Haram, wadda ta mallaki ƙasar a arewacin Najeriya kuma ta yi yaki tare da jihohin jihohi, ya bayyana kanta "yankin yammacin Afrika na Musulunci".

Bugu da ƙari, 'yan bindiga a jihar Islama sun sanya sunayensu a Afghanistan da Pakistan. Wasu kungiyoyin Taliban sun wuce zuwa gefen IG. Tare da sauran 'yan kungiyar Taliban,' yan kabilar Islama sun fara gwagwarmaya.

Saboda haka, tambaya game da inda Islama yake da shi ba za ta sami amsar guda ɗaya ba, tun da yake an rarraba rassansa daban-daban a ko'ina cikin duniya.

Tsarin tunani

Kasancewar "Islama" ya bar koyarwa mai zurfi na Sufism da Wahhabism, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a al Qaeda. Wannan shi zai iya jawo hankalin da girma yawan magoya bayan, wanda shi ne na halitta, saboda a mafi yawan jama'ar na Syria da kuma Iraqi, masu zumunci da Wahhabism ne dan hanya. Shugabannin IG sun yi wasa sosai a kan wannan, suna nuna kansu sune dukkanin Sunnis.

Amma wani babban ɓangare na matsanancin ra'ayi na "Islamic jihar" ba mazauna yankin, da kuma wakilan sauran kasashen Larabawa. Har ila yau, akwai masu aikin agaji masu yawa daga Turai da Rasha, musamman ma mayakan da suka yi yaƙi da Ichkeria.

Ayyukan 'yan ta'adda na "Musulunci jihar" dangane da abokan hamayyar da mazauna yankin suna da mummunar mummunan hali. Ana yin yawan azabtarwa da zanga-zangar zanga-zanga.

Manufofin "Musulunci State"

Shugabannin kasashen musulmi sun bayyana cewa babban burin duniya shi ne kafa tsarin kallon duniya. Amma a lokaci guda kuma, 'yan bindiga suna magana game da ayyuka na makomar gaba. Wadannan sun hada da saye da ƙasa a baya mallakar da Ottoman Empire, da Larabawa, Central Asia da kuma Caucasus. Matsanancin ra'ayi sun bayyana cewa suna aiki wajen samar da makaman nukiliya.

Kasashe a fadin duniya su hada kai wajen yaki da ta'addanci, IG, domin inda "Islama yake", yakin da mutuwa ya zo.