Yadda za a saita FTP tashoshin jiragen ruwa? Mene ne FTP-tashar jiragen ruwa?

FTP tashoshin jiragen ruwa ne a yau da misali version of bayanai ta hanyar daban-daban TCP networks, ciki har da Internet, da kuma bayyana. Wadannan ladabi ake amfani da sau da yawa isasshen to download dukan shafukan yanar gizo ko takardun da zaman kansa ci gaban da na'urorin don daban-daban bude Hosting sabobin.

Abin da suke?

FTP tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ake gina gaba ɗaya a kan "abokin ciniki-uwar garke" architecture, kuma haka unsa da amfani da wani iri-iri na cibiyar sadarwa sadarwa don watsa shirye-shirye dokokin ko data tsakanin uwar garken da kuma abokin ciniki. Abokan ciniki da suka yi amfani da wannan version na yarjejeniya zai iya wuce da Tantance hanya, wucewa sunan mai amfani da kuma kalmar sirri a bayyana rubutu. Ko, idan shi aka bayar da uwar garke tsarin da za a iya gama a asirce. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, shi na samar da yiwuwar amfani da SSH yarjejeniya, wanda ya samar da wata gaba daya amince canja wurin bayanai, ya kange kalmar sirri da kuma login, da kuma kara encrypting da dukan abinda ke ciki.

A kadan tarihi

A farko abokin ciniki aikace-aikace da suke amfani da FTP tashoshin jiragen ruwa, shi ne wani m umurnin-line na'urar a cikin abin da ginin kalma da kuma misali dokokin da aka gane. A zana mai amfani dubawa daga lokacin da aka ɓullo da wani iri-iri na Tsarukan aiki, wanda ake amfani da wannan rana, da kuma musamman shi ne ya kamata a lura a cikin waɗannan da musaya, da sauran yanar gizo zane kayan aikin kamar Microsoft Zancen.

FTP tashoshin jiragen ruwa a yau ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin matsayin, saboda shi ya bayyana a cikin shekarar 1971, kafin TCP / IP da kuma HTTP. A farko, an yi amfani da musamman a kan NCP, amma ya nema da aikace-aikace da aka rayayye yada a aika da wani iri-iri na software, kazalika da samun m albarkatun.

Ta yaya ne daban-daban daga HTTP?

Port FTP tsoho ne quite mai haske alama - shi ne da amfani da mahara sadarwa. A wannan yanayin daya tashar a wannan yanayin da aka yi amfani a matsayin iko, kuma ta hanyar da ba uwar garke dokokin da martani da aka komo daga shi. Bayan sauran tashoshin da aka yi kai tsaye canja wurin da ake so bayanai, cikinsa da daya tashar amfani a kowane watsa.

Shi ne saboda wannan dalilin, idan ka yi amfani da default FTP tashar jiragen ruwa, a cikin wani aure zaman samar lokaci daya baza mahara fayiloli a daban-daban kwatance. Tun da kowane tashar kawai ya bude da kansa TCP tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda ance wani lamba da hannu da abokin ciniki ko da uwar garke ta atomatik ance, dangane da ko da baza yanayin da ake amfani.

Mene ne abũbuwan amfãni?

Binary yanayin da aka kafa a cikin canja wurin akai, ta amfani da FTP yarjejeniya. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na da irin wannan saboda wannan zai iya rage da sama zirga-zirga, kazalika da rage lokacin da ake bukata domin musayar bayanai a kan aiwatar da canja wurin manyan fayiloli. HTTP yarjejeniya format ta wata hanya wajabta shigar binary bayanai a rubutu nau'i cewa za a iya za'ayi, misali, ta amfani da wani musamman algorithm Base64.

Amfani da misali FTP tashar jiragen ruwa, da abokin ciniki ya asali ɓangare na zaman, da kuma duk m ayyukan za a za'ayi ne riga da shi. A wasu kalmomin, da uwar garken da farko Stores na yanzu a jihar da kuma rike da shi a wani matakin. A lokaci guda lokacin amfani da HTTP yarjejeniya, irin memory ba yanzu, kamar yadda na haƙiƙa na wannan layinhantsaki ne kawai canja wurin bayanai, bayan da ya gaba daya ya manta game da aiki. A wannan batun, idan ta amfani da HTTP stateful ladabi aiwatar da sauran kimiyoyi wanda ba jẽranta wannan yarjejeniya.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

The aiki na FTP yarjejeniya aiwatar a aikace-aikace Layer na OSI model da ake amfani da su aika da bayanai ta amfani da TCP / IP. Don wannan karshen, da farko so ka yi gudu da FTP-uwar garke cewa zai saurare ga mai shigowa buƙatun. A cikin yanayin abokin ciniki bukatar ya zama iya da kansa connect da uwar garke ta amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa da lambar 21. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa irin wannan connection zai kasance bude a ko'ina cikin zaman. Na biyu dangane da aka bude uwar garke tashar jiragen ruwa lambar 20 ga wata tashar jiragen ruwa da ke amfani da wani abokin ciniki ne da ake kira mai aiki yanayin, ko za a iya bude ta abokin ciniki kai tsaye daga duk wani m tashar jiragen ruwa da shi zuwa ga daidai uwar garke tashar jiragen ruwa. Wannan ake kira yanayin m da ake bukata don canja wurin fayil.

Amfani da iko ya kwarara da aka yi ga wani musamman zaman. Alal misali, irin wannan zaren an rayayye yi amfani da tsari na musayar tsakanin uwar garken da kuma abokin ciniki kowane irin kalmomin shiga ko teams, kamar Telnet yarjejeniya idan an zartar. Saboda haka, misali, tawagar «RETR filename" zai gudanar da wani da canja wurin da wani takamaiman fayil daga uwar garken ga abokin ciniki. Saboda samuwar irin wannan dual-tashar jiragen ruwa FTP tsarin to date aka dauke su vneshnepolosnym yarjejeniya, sabanin HTTP, wanda shi ne a-ƙungiya.

Yadda za a kafa?

Idan ba ka san yadda za a bude tashar jiragen ruwa FTP, za ka iya yin haka ta amfani da FileZilla hanya kamar haka:

1. Da farko gudu kanta FileZilla.
2. Yanzu bude "Site Manager", sa'an nan da pop-up taga, danna maɓallin "New Site".
3. A kan maɓalli "Babba" shigar: watsa shiri: ka yi amfani da yankin. uwar garke type: da FTP ko FTPES (mu bayar da shawarar da karshen), shigarwa type, "Al'ada" ko "Request kalmar sirri" (sake, na karshe zaɓi ne mafi kyau ga dalilin cewa kalmar sirri za a ajiye su, ko da yake zai yi sa a ta shigar). Sunan mai amfani: shigar a cikin wannan layi na FTP login.
4. Yanzu je abu "Transfer Saituna", sa'an nan zabi da sashe "Transfer yanayin" zaži "m".
5. A karshen click on "Connect" button.

Yanzu ku yi tashar jiragen ruwa isar FTP, your dangane da aka kafa da kuma adana a cikin "site manajan", kuma za ka iya amfani da shi a your hankali.

Anonymous yarjejeniya

Watsa shiri, wanda ya samar da FTP-sabis, idan ya cancanta, za a iya samar da masu amfani da wata gaba daya m damar. A wannan yanayin, masu amfani da farko fada a matsayin m. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa tsarin na iya zama wani hali-m a kan wasu sabobin. Ko da yake mafi yawan lokuta mutane suna tambayi shiga su email address maimakon kalmar sirri, a gaskiya, da tsarin ba gudanar da duk wani cak, kuma wannan mataki shi ne, a gaskiya, ba m.

Mai FTP-Runduna wanda samar da dama software updates, sau da yawa fi son su kula da yiwuwar m damar.

NAT-PT yarjejeniya

Musamman a domin ba da damar amfani da FTP ta hanyar sadaukar firewalls, an yanke shawarar yin amfani da wani musamman NAT ƙuduri, wanda kuma ake kira NAT-PT kwararru. Tare da shi ne zai yiwu ba tare da wata matsala don canja wurin wani mai shigowa dangane da abokin ciniki daga uwar garken, domin a aiwatar da NAT iya musanya ga bayanai daukar kwayar cutar daga abokin ciniki nuna uwar garke da daidai tashar jiragen ruwa da kuma address to wanda shi zai iya connect, sa'an nan za a fara shirye dangane daga uwar garken ga abokin ciniki ta address.

Duk da fairly manyan yawan fadi da dama matakan da sababbin abubuwa da cewa an soma ya goyi bayan FTP, a yi, da yin amfani da NAT-PT fi son musaki da aiki a wani iri-iri na magudanar ko magudanar domin samar da ƙarin kariya a kan wani iri-iri na ƙwayoyin cuta.