Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky: biography, kerawa. zana rubutu Tabor

A farko jadawalin na Moscow makaranta - Favorskiy Vladimir Andreevich. Biography of artist hada da ba wai kawai kerawa, amma kuma su shiga a yakin duniya na, da kuma aiki a kan m msar tambayar rubuce-rubucen, da kuma koyarwa ayyukan. Amma da farko na duk ya aka sani a matsayin littafin zane. Mutane da yawa unmistakably gane zane ga ayyukan William Shakespeare da kuma S. Ya. Marshaka.

matasa

Za mu iya cewa Tabor da aka danganta da rayukansu tare da art a matsayin magaji na wani iyali hadisin. Artists sun kakansa, uwar kuma kakar kaka. Babban Rasha zane haife shi a 1886 a Moscow. kallon kullum a matsayin uwa fa, tã yi, shi da kansa ya dauki sama da buroshi da kuma pencils. Da farko zanen da aka gani da shi a matsayin mai kyau lokaci - ba more. Amma shiga duniyar art, Tabor zauna a nan har abada, kuma ya fita don hašawa zuwa da shi yadda mutane da yawa yiwu. Ya fara aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane, saitin high tsammanin. Amma daga baya sai na zabi da graphics a matsayin mafi kusantan mutane zuwa wani art form.

Yarantaka artist, da aka gudanar a wani da'irar mai auna iyali, an hana cũta. Nan da nan iyali - artists, gine-ginen, sculptors, - da gudummawar da cewa sha'awa cikin art girma karfi. Kuma a lokacin da ta je lokaci zuwa makaranta, ban da asali da ilimi, an yanke shawarar aika yaron mai zaman kansa art makaranta K. F. Yuona.

koyo

A daidai wannan lokaci da ziyarar da makaranta Juon yaro ziyarci yamma azuzuwan a Stroganov School. Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, sai ya tafi Munich da aka shigar ga Faculty of Economics, amma nan da nan ya gane cewa shi ne cikakken ba ya zama. A shekarar 1906, wani saurayi ke zuwa mai zaman kansa makaranta, wanda aka kai da Hungarian artist na Armenian saukarsa Simon Hollósy. Wannan malami Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky tuna da yaushe tare da godiya a matsayin daya daga cikin fi so malamai. Babu shakka ya yi babban tasiri a kan ci gaban matasa basira da kuma samuwar ya m ka'idojin.

University of Munich, tsakanin Tabor bai daina kuma saurari shi a hanya kan tarihin art. A 1907 ya koma Rasha da kuma ci gaba da ilimi Art da kuma Jami'ar Moscow.

domesticity

A bara a jami'a, a 1812, Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky aure Mary Derviz, m yarinya da wani m hali, to duk sauran ayyukan alheri kuma mai alamar artist. Daga cikin danginta ya Valentin Serov, wanda ƙarfafa Mary craving for art. Ta yi karatu zanen a St. Petersburg da kuma a Faransa. A Moscow, kazalika nan gaba miji, Juon wani dalibi, sa'an nan da School of zanen, sassaka da Architecture. Mary da aka ba ƙaddara ta zama babban artist, amma al'amarin yake cewa cikin yanayi na rayuwa, ba wani rashin iyawa. A duk wannan sai ƙarshen kwanaki, ta kasance mai aboki da kuma mataimaki ga mijinta. A karshe shekaru goma na rayuwar ta ta yi aiki a kan tunanin, godiya ga wanda da masu bincike Tabor sun iya mayar da wasu daga cikin shafukan da ya biography.

A artist da 'ya'ya uku:' ya'ya biyu maza, Nikita da kuma Ivan, da kuma 'yar Maria. Duka 'yan'uwa suka tafi aikin sa kai domin gaba, a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War. Babban mutu a cikin shekarar farko na yaki, Jr. bai zama 'yan watanni kafin karshen. Kuma Maria Vladimirovna ya yumbu artist da kuma kula da iyali archives.

da artist ta balaga

Bayan samun digiri Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky tsunduma a cikin koyarwa da kuma aiki a kan ka'idar art. Tun da farkon na farko Duniya, ya tafi zuwa gaban da kuma ta hanyar dukan yaki. A Moscow, ya koma a 1918 tare da daraja na ensign. Bayan da sojojinsa, ya sauri da hannu a cikin m rai na babban birnin kasar.

The artist sake maido da koyarwa. A 1920 ya kasance a cikin lura daya daga cikin sassan na Higher Art da kuma Technical Studios (VHUTEMAS), ya koyar da dalibai zana rubutu da kuma woodcuts. A shekarar 1923, ya zama rector na Art Taron bita. Tabor fara aiki a kan zane na littattafai na Pushkin, kuma Tolstoy, kuma daga yanzu a kan littafin graphics aka zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci lokuta na rayuwarsa.

A lokaci guda, ya hankali magana da Falsafa P. A. Florenskim. Hadin gwiwa, da goyan bayan da abota da kuma zumunta hali, wadãtar da su duka biyu. A da yawa msar tambayar matsayi na artist za a iya gani rinjayar Florensky. Tare da suke shiga ga Hagu Front art (LEF). Saboda predominance na ruhaniya imani na farko na ilimi kungiyar Saukakku "samar da asiri."

By karshen 1930 da artist delves more cikin ka'idar art. Ya aka rubuta articles da kuma rahotanni, da kuma koyar a Rasha National Academy of Arts. Ya ci gaba da yi da engraving, zayyanawa littattafai, na musanyar taimakekkeniya da Moscow Art Theater. Halarci nune-nunen a Venice da Paris.

Balagagge mai gida ya shiga 40s Tabor. The artist ya samu ya san kuma damar da za su yi aiki a kan mafi ban sha'awa umarni. Fasaha shi ci gaba da girma, fasahar inganta. Honed zurfin hasashe da ma'ana bugun jini.

'yan shekarun nan

A cikin ragewa shekaru da artist ya girbabbu da suka cancanta, 'ya'yan itãcen ayyukansa. A shekarar 1956, ya zama da Karĩmi Artist na RSFSR, a shekara ta 1959 - Mutane na Artist na RSFSR, kuma a shekarar 1963 - Mutane na Artist na Tarayyar Soviet. Samun zinare a duniya nune-nunen a Brussels, Leipzig da kuma Sao Paulo. A cikin bazara na shekarar 1962 Tabor sãka musu da Lenin Prize for kyaututukan da ya samu a cikin hoto. Wannan ba ya nufin cewa artist huta a kan laurels - ya ci gaba da aiki a kan jerin zane, kwafi, aiki a zanen. Venerable master artist mutu a karshen shekarar 1963. Kabarinsa ne a Moscow a Novodevichy hurumi.

msar tambayar views

Tabor a hankali ɓullo da kuma tsara a msar tambayar shirin. A ra'ayi ne kafa laccoci da cewa Farfesa karanta wa dalibai. Tare da su, sai ya fara zana da kuma amfaninsa a cikin tunaninsa na art. A sakamakon haife na littafin "A Art na littafin, game da engraving," "The font-daban da kuma da dangantaka da font hoto", "Lectures a kan ka'idar abun da ke ciki." Su Tabor yi magana game da aiwatar da hulda da tsari da kuma ta rungumi a cikin jirgin sama. Dauke da batun Lines daga fassarar, da rawar da jirgin sama a zanen da zane. Kowane irin surface da artist sanya wa kansa abun da ke ciki, da kuma "Fine".

Game da abin da al'amari na kerawa kuma muhawwara Tabor, a Barin busa ra'ayin cewa samar da akidojin da aka gyara dole ne basa da kuma daidaita. Roll a wani shugabanci Yanã nakasawa da take kaiwa zuwa da degeneration na art. Creativity ya zama Sanarwa, tun da mas'ala ta gaskiya ne rabuwa daga manufar kyakkyawa. Aesthetization ugliness ga art zama unacceptable.

littafi graphics

Tabor ya sau da yawa ya bayyana cewa, ba da misalin abin da samfurin da kuma Halicci littafin. Ya ko da yaushe kusata da matsala a wani hadadden, samar da ba kawai da misalai, amma kuma da ɗiban font, size, abin kwaikwaya, rabo. Duk wannan dole ne zama batun na kowa stylistic kira. Kari padding, ribace-ribace da kuma sakin layi dole ne a tune da kari daga cikin engraving. A Tabor ya aka shiryar da ba kawai su m diraya, amma kuma dogara a kan kwarewa da tsufa da kuma Renaissance. Ya buga wani ra'ayi kamar "gine na littafin" - da kimiyya na proportionality da jituwa dukkan bangarorinsa.

Kowane samfurin na Tabor samu su m. Yin "Lay" An yi wahayi zuwa da tsoho Rasha littattafai. Ado da kuma haruffa koma karatu zuwa haihuwa rubutun hannu. Zanuka don "Little bala'in" Pushkin ne sosai daki-daki, da hankali ga daki-daki. Heroes daskarewa a Theatrical shirya kai da kuma zama wata alama ce ga bayyana motsin zuciyarmu: zari, da baƙin ciki, fushi, da tsoro. A hoto zuwa litattafan Gogol ta "Shponka" bayyana grotesque dama halittun: giant kwari, tsuntsu-gangarawa mutane. Kayayyakin iyaka ba kawai complements da rubutu, amma kuma hidima a matsayin mai raba aiki na gwaninta da za su iya samar da abinci ga tunani. Daya daga cikin ayyukan da balagagge marubucin - zanuka don S. Ceto "Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u." Su style ne shibtarsu da ban mamaki labarin da aiki. Figures kaifi, m, tsauri. The artist taka tare da amincewa da abun da ke ciki, yayin da ko da yaushe neman wani cikakken sakamakon. Engraving Tabor samu da yawa magoya kuma har yanzu prized by haraji.

The artist kwatanta da Pushkin, Shakespeare, Tolstoy, Dante, litattafan Gogol, Merimee, Burns, kuma wannan ba wani cikakken jerin ayyukansa. Ba kawai tsara adult adabi Tabor, ya kuma yi aiki a hankali tare da wallafa Detgiz. Hoto zuwa waƙa "Idan yara na dukan duniya ..." Mutane da yawa sun saba littafi wallafe-wallafe. M boys m dariya da kuma gudu a cikin makiyaya, da jin dadin wani m rayuwa. Kowane Soviet yaro yiwuwa karanta wani tarin Marshak, inda akwai wani hoto na waka "The mustachioed da ratsi" tare da fitina yar kyanwa.

Sauran iri art

Frame na daya irin art sun hankali ga Vladimir Andreyevich. Shĩ ne da ya shahara ba kawai ga littafin da misalai. A cikin rabi na biyu na 40s Tabor madaukai "Great Rasha generals," inda hotuna na shahararren mutane aiwatuwa da girma da kuma ikon Rasha. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyuka - a hoto na F. M. Dostoevskogo. Tsanani da kuma mayar da hankali marubuci bayyana gaban masu sauraro. A artist bai kisa da shi, ba ya ado da gaskiya ne, ba a caricature unleashes babbar sha'awa. Amma da suna fadin adadi na Dostoevsky ha'inci juyayi a kan Rasha mutane, soyayya na kasar da kuma wani fitaccen mai ikon tunani.

A fi so dabara na artist wani woodcut kuma itace engraving, amma janyo hankalin shi, kuma linocut. Kyakkyawa "Samarkand sake zagayowar" da aka halitta a cikin wannan dabara. An fara aiki kamar yadda mai zane, lifelong Tabor lokaci zuwa lokaci dauki sama da goga. Marubucin nasa ne a mosaic "1905". Ya yi karatu sassaka da monumental zanen. Bugu da kari, da artist hada kai tare da sinimomi - aikata almara ga wasanni da kuma kayayyaki, kazalika da wani saurayi, ko da katako tsana ga yara wasanni. Domin duk abin da aka dauka Vladimir Andreevich Favorsky, dukkan yi tare da soyayya da kuma babban fasaha. Amma a cikin memory na gaba zamaninsu, ya kasance na farko, kuma farkon wani fitaccen mai hoto artist da kuma zane.