Hanyar wutar lantarki. Alamar shinge mai mahimmanci

A cikin wannan takarda, zamu yi nazari dalla-dalla game da kewaye da wani amplifier ta yin amfani da shamban kwalliya. Hakika, wannan fasaha ya zama tsoho tun da daɗewa, amma har yau yana yiwuwa a sadu da masoya "retro". Wani ya fi son sauti zuwa maɓallin dijital, amma wani ya shiga gaskiyar cewa yana ba da rai ta biyu ga fasaha wanda ya zama marar amfani, ya sake mayar da ita kadan. Yawancin masu sauraron radiyo waɗanda ke aiki a kan fitilun iska don gina wasu matuka. Alal misali, UHF ya fi sauƙi don ginawa a kan fitilu mai haske, saboda a kan transistors zasu zama mawuyaci.

Block zane na amplifier

Shafin allon yana kamar haka:

1. Asalin siginar (makirufo, waya, kayan aiki na kwamfuta, da dai sauransu).
2. Tsarin ƙararrawa shine mai haɓakawa (tsayayya mai sauƙi).
3. Mai amintattun gini wanda aka gina a kan fitila (yawanci a triode) ko transistor.
4. An haɗa maɓallin sautin maɓallin waya zuwa yanayin zagaya ta hanyar haɓakawa na farko.
5. Ƙarshen karshe. Yawancin lokaci ana yi a kan pentode, alal misali, 6P14S.
6. A daidai da na'urar, kyale da fitarwa na amfilifa da jirgin ruwan yake magana tsarin. Yawanci, wannan rawar shine mai siginar wani nau'i mai nau'in (220/12 Volts).
7. Kayan wutar lantarki wanda aka samar da nau'i biyu: akai 250-300 V kuma mai sauƙi na 6.3 V (12.6 V idan ya cancanta).

A cewar da block zane, gina bisa manufa. Dole ne a bincika kowane nau'i daga cikin tsarin, don haka samar da amplifier bai haifar da matsala ba.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki low

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, dole ne samar da wutar lantarki ta haifar da nau'i daban daban. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da zane na kwaskwarima na musamman. Ya kamata a sami matuka uku - cibiyar sadarwar, sakandare da sakandare. Na ƙarshe sun samar da wutar lantarki na 250-300 V da 6.3 V daidai da bi. 6.3 V shine nauyin lantarki na samar da filaments na radiolamp. Kuma idan ta, a matsayin mai mulkin, bazai buƙatar kowane aiki, misali, a filtration da gyare-gyare, to, mai sauƙi 250 volts yana bukatar a canja kadan. Ana buƙatar wannan ne ta hanyar haɗin mahaɗin amplifier zuwa wutar lantarki.

Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ƙungiyar gyare-gyare, wanda ya ƙunshi diodes guda hudu, da kuma filtata - ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Diodes ba ka damar daidaita madaidaicin halin yanzu kuma ka tabbatar dashi. Kuma masu fafutuka suna da siffar mai ban sha'awa. Idan kayi la'akari da tsarin musayar maƙallan AC da DC (bisa ka'idar Kirchhoff), ana iya ganin wani fasali. Lokacin aiki a cikin hanyoyin DC, an maye gurbin ƙarfin ta hanyar juriya.

Amma lokacin da yake aiki a wata hanya ta yanzu, an maye gurbinsa ta jagorancin tsawon lokaci. A wasu kalmomi, idan ka shigar da damar haɗi a cikin wutar lantarki, za ka sami wutar lantarki mai tsabta DC, duk nauyin mai juyayi zai ɓace saboda ƙananan ƙarancin matsala a cikin wuri mai sauyawa.

Bukatun don transformer

Wani muhimmin yanayin shine gaban yawan fitattun magunguna don ciyar da anodes da filaments na fitilu. Dangane da kewaye yana amfani da wani ikon amfilifa bukatar wani daban-daban irin ƙarfin lantarki ikon glowing. Daidaitaccen ma'auni shine 6.3 V. Amma wasu fitilu, misali G-807, GU-50, na buƙatar lantarki na 12.6 V. Wannan yana ƙarfafa zane kuma yana tilasta yin amfani da mai sarrafawa mai girma.

Amma idan kun shirya tattara rasfikan kawai a kan fitilun fitilu (6N2P, 6P14P, da dai sauransu), to babu bukatar irin wannan wutar lantarki. Yi la'akari da girma - idan kana buƙatar tattara ƙaramar ƙararrawa, to, yi amfani da na'urori masu sauƙi. Suna da kuskure guda ɗaya - ba zai yiwu a sami iko mai girma ba. Idan akwai tambaya a cikin iko, to, ya fi dacewa don amfani da na'urori masu sigina na irin TS-180, TS-270.

Gidaje don na'urar

Don masu ƙarfafawa da ƙananan mita, yana da kyau don amfani da gidaje da aka yi da aluminum ko galvanized, sakawa na abubuwa rediyo suna aiki ne ta hanyar hanya. Rashin haɗuwa na taro na na'urar a kan kwamiti na kewaye - saboda ƙwanƙwasa gida a ƙarƙashin fitilu ya fara farawa daga waƙoƙi, an lalata maƙarar. Lambar ya ɓace, kuma aikin ULF ya zama m, sautunan sauti sun bayyana.

Idan an yi amfani da ƙaramar transistor a mataki na farko, to, ya fi dacewa don sanya shi a kan wani ƙananan rubutun kalmomi - zai kasance mafi aminci. Amma aikace-aikace na tsarin matasan ya sa ya bukaci abinci. Domin guitar, ana iya yin ULF a cikin wani katako. Amma cikin ciki akwai buƙatar shigar da takalmin ƙera, wanda za'a tattara dukan na'ura. Zai zama da shawarar yin amfani da ƙwayar karfe, tun da yake yana ba ka damar sauƙi kullun daga juna, wanda ya kawar da yiwuwar jin kai da sauran damuwa.

Daidaita žara da sauti

Za'a iya ƙarawa da sauƙi mai sauƙi mai sauƙi tare da sauye-sauye guda biyu - ƙararra da katako. An saka mai sarrafawa na farko a kan shigarwa na ULF, yana ba da damar canza darajar sigin mai shigowa. Zaka iya amfani da tsayayyar matakan kowane nau'i, wanda zai yi aiki kullum a cikin ULF. Tare da daidaita yanayin, ma, matsalolin bazai tashi ba - tsayayyar tsayayyar matsala an haɗa shi a cikin zagaye na farko a mataki na farko. Sai dai kawai kana buƙatar ƙayyade abin da aka yi da juyawa don ƙara HF, da kuma don ƙara LF.

Yana da kyawawa don yin duk abin da yadda masana'antun masana'antu ke yi, in ba haka ba zai zama m don amfani da zane. Amma wannan ita ce hanya mafi mahimmanci na sarrafa sauti, yana da kyau don shigar da ƙananan ƙananan wanda zai ba da damar canzawa ƙananan a cikin iyakar kewayon. Makircinsu tube amplifiers iya ƙunsar kananan kayayyaki a kan semiconductors - sautin, low-izinin tacewa. Idan baka son yin muryar murya kan kanka, to ana iya saya a cikin shaguna. Kudin irin wannan lamuni yana da yawa.

Ƙararraren sitiriyo

Amma ƙwararrun ULF sun fi sauraron jin dadi fiye da sauti. Kuma don sauƙaƙe sau biyu - wajibi ne a tattara wani ULF tare da wannan sigogi. A ƙarshe, kuna samun bayanai guda biyu da kuma nau'in samfurori iri ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, maɓallin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙaddamarwa na farko dole ne ya zama daidai, in ba haka ba halaye zai bambanta ba.

Dukkan ƙarfin fuska da tsayayyu iri ɗaya ne dangane da sigogi - ta hanyar dabi'u da haɓaka. Specific bukatun ga juriya canza - dole ne a yi amfani guda biyu zane ga girma da iko, da kuma sautin. Ma'anar ita ce cewa wajibi ne don tabbatar da daidaito na waɗannan sigogi a cikin tashoshi biyu.

System 2.1

Amma don inganta ingancin sauti, zaka iya ƙara ƙarami, wanda zai kara yawan ƙananan ƙananan. A wannan yanayin, maɓallin kewayawa na haɗin amplifier ba zai canza ba, kawai ƙaddan na uku za a kara. A hakika, ya kamata ka sami sau uku cikakkun amplifiers - daya don tashar hagu, tashar dama, subwoofer.

Lura cewa iko mai iko a cikin subwoofer ya bambanta daga VLF. Wannan zai sake canza matakan karbar. An yanke cututtukan 'karin' karin '' ta hanyar hanya mai sauƙi, wanda ya hada da dama da ƙarfin haɓaka. Amma zaka iya amfani da maɓuɓɓuɓɓukan filtataccen shirye-shiryen, wanda aka sayar a kowane kantin kayan rediyo.

Kammalawa

A sama, an yi la'akari da magungunan bututun ƙarfe, wanda yawancin masu sauraron rediyo suke maimaitawa a cikin kayayyakinsu. Tabbatar da kai tsaye don sanya su karfi ga mutumin da zai iya daukar nauyin baƙin ƙarfe da wallafe-wallafe. Amma idan ba ku rarrabe tsayayya daga wani hako ba kuma ba sa fata ku koyi wani abu, amma ana buƙatar amplifier, to, ya fi kyau ka tambayi mai jarrabawar yin amfani da ULF.