Unconditioned reflex - wannan shi ne ... The darajar wani unconditioned reflex. Unconditioned da sharadi reflexes

Kira reflex martani na jiki zuwa ciki ko waje hangula, kai da kuma sarrafawa da tsakiya m tsarin. A farko da masana kimiyya suka yi ɓullo da ra'ayoyi game da mutum hali, kafin wani asiri, sun mana compatriots IP Pavlov kuma IM Sashe.

Mene ne unconditioned reflexes?

Unconditioned reflex - shi ne m, gaji da zũriyarta daga iyayensu stereotyped dauki ga tasirin da ciki ko yanayi. Ya ajiye wani mutum cikin rayuwarsa. Reflex arcs ratsa cikin kwakwalwa da kuma da laka, da cerebral bawo ba da hannu a cikin sha'anin ilimi. Ma'ana unconditioned reflex ne cewa shi na samar da wani jikin mutum da na'urar kai tsaye zuwa ga canje-canje a cikin yanayi, wanda aka sau da yawa tare da da yawa daga magabatansu.

Abin da numfashinsa ne mika wuyansu?

Unconditioned reflex - wannan shi ne babban nau'i na aiki na juyayi tsarin, wani m mayar da martani ga wani mai kara kuzari. Kuma kamar yadda wani mutum ya shafa ta hanyar daban-daban dalilai, da kuma numfashinsa ne daban-daban: da abinci, tsaron gida, ƙiyashi, jima'i ... to abinci sun hada da salivation, hadiya, kuma tsotsa. Tsaro husũma tari, Ƙibtawa, sneezing, da kafa daga daga zafi abubuwa. Orienting dauki za a iya mai suna shugaban ƙungiyoyi, ido mowing. By jima'i gabbai suna hade da haifuwa, kazalika da kula da zurriyarsu. Ma'ana unconditioned reflex ne cewa tana da mutunci da kwayoyin, kula uri na ciki yanayi. Godiya ga shi, akwai haifuwa. Ko da a cikin jarirai za a iya lura na farko unconditioned reflex - An tsotsa. Af, shi ne mafi muhimmanci. Irritant a cikin wannan hali abubuwa a matsayin wani touch da lebe na wani batu (da nono, to, uwarsa ta nono, toys ko yatsa). Wani muhimmin unconditioned reflex - tana walƙiya, na faruwa a lokacin wani kasashen waje jiki kusa da ido ko ya taɓa cornea. Irin wannan dauki da aka alaka m, ko tsaron gida kungiyar. Har ila yau, yara da constriction na yara, misali, lokacin da fallasa su da karfi haske. Duk da haka, mafi furta ãyõyin unconditioned reflexes aka bayyana a cikin dabbobi daban daban.

Mene ne sharadi reflexes?

Kira matukar reflexes samu daga jiki a kan rayuwa. Suna kafa a kan tushen da gaji ga daukan hotuna da waje mai kara kuzari (lokaci, ƙwanƙwasawa, haske da haka a). A karin misalin mai-gwajen yi a kan karnuka Academician IP Pavlov. Ya yi karatu da samuwar irin wannan reflexes a dabbobi, shi ne developer na musamman hanyoyin da shirye-shiryen daga gare ta. Saboda haka, domin ƙarni na wadannan halayen na bukatar yau da kullum kara kuzari - sigina. Ya triggers, da kuma tasiri na kara kuzari maimaitawa damar wajen samar da wani sharadi reflex. A wannan yanayin, wani da ake kira wucin gadi dangane tsakanin unconditioned reflex arcs da analyzers cibiyoyin. Yanzu asali ilhami ne tada mataki na waje sakonni fundamentally sabon hali. Wadannan kasashe na kewaye duniya, to wanda kwayoyin da ya kasance a baya sha'aninsu dabam tashi don saya da wata, tsattsarkar, m. Kowace dabba cikin rayuwa za a iya samar da wata dama daban-daban sharadi reflexes cewa samar da tushen da kwarewa. Duk da haka, wannan kawai ya shafi wannan musamman mutum, gaji da wannan rayuwa kwarewa ba a aika.

An m category na sharadi reflexes

A wani raba category yawanci bambanta samar a lokacin rayuwa da mota sharadi reflexes hali, suna da basira, ko mai sarrafa kansa ayyuka. Su ma'anar ne su koyi sababbin dabarun, kazalika da ci gaba na sabon siffofin propulsion. Alal misali, domin cikin dukan lokacin nan da ransa, mutum daukan mallaki wani iri-iri na musamman motor basira, wanda suna da alaka da sana'a. Su ne tushen mu hali. Tunanin, da hankali, sani da warware for ayyukan da suka kai automatism da kuma zama wani al'amari na rayuwar yau da kullum. A mafi nasara hanyar sarrafawa da basira ne na din-din-din aiwatar da aikin, dace fix kwari ko kurakurai, kazalika da ilimi na matuƙar manufa na wani matsala. A wannan yanayin, idan sharadi kara kuzari da aka ba da tallafi don wani lokaci undisputed, shi ne ta braking. Duk da haka, shi ba ya bace. Idan, bayan wasu lokaci, maimaita mataki, da reflex, zai warke fairly da sauri. Braking kuma iya faruwa a kan yanayin da ya faru na kara kuzari ko mafi girma da karfi.

Kwatanta unconditioned da sharadi reflexes

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wadannan halayen ne halin da yanayin da ya faru da kuma da daban-daban inji samuwar. Domin ya fahimci abin ne bambanci, kawai kwatanta unconditioned da sharadi reflexes. Saboda haka, da farko akwai wata dabba daga haihuwa, ba su canza, kuma kada ku bace kan rayuwa. Bugu da kari, unconditioned reflexes ne guda a duk kwayoyin da wani jinsin. Su muhimmanci da ya ta'allaka ne a cikin shirye-shiryen da halitta mai rai zuwa m yanayi. Reflex baka wannan dauki wuce ta ganga na kwakwalwa ko laka. A matsayin misali, wasu unconditioned reflexes (nakasar): aiki salivation lokacin da lemun tsami shiga cikin bakinsa. tsotsa ƙungiyoyi da jariri. tari, sneezing, Flick hannuwanku daga zafi abubuwa. Kuma yanzu dubi cikin halaye na sharadi martani. Suna samu cikin rayuwar, iya canza ko bace, da kuma, na karshe amma ba ko kadan, kowane mutum kwayoyin, sun (nasu). Su main aiki - ne karbuwa daga halittu masu rai su canza yanayi. Su na boko da dangantaka (reflex maki) an halitta a cikin bawo na cerebral hemispheres. Kamar yadda wani misali da wani sharadi reflex iya haifar da wata dabba dauki zuwa sunan ko da watanni shida baby a dauki kwalban da madara.

Students unconditioned reflex

Kamar yadda bincike da Academician IP Pavlov, general makirci na unconditioned reflexes ne kamar haka. A wasu tsoka mai amsa sigina jijiya nema zuwa wasu kasashe na ciki ko waje duniya jiki. A sakamakon haka, sakamakon hangula sabobin tuba da dukan tsari a cikin abin da ake kira sabon abu na jijiya zumudi. Yana yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar jijiya zaruruwa (as ta waya) ga CNS, kuma daga gare kawota zuwa takamaiman aiki jiki, riga ya canza kama zuwa wani takamaiman tsari a salon salula matakin na jiki rabo. Sai dai itace cewa wasu kasashe na halitta hade da wani musamman aiki, kazalika da yi wa kuma sakamako.

Features unconditioned reflexes

Gabatar a kasa halayyar unconditioned reflexes kamar yadda shirya kayan kafa daga sama, shi zai karshe magance sabon abu kafin mu. Saboda haka, abin da su ne siffofin na gaji halayen?

1. M martani da kwayoyin zuwa samuwar kasashe.
2. A haƙuri da na tsarin jijiya sadarwa tsakanin wasu iri samuwar kasashe da martani.
3. A takamaiman halin: wannan irin reflexes faruwa identically a dukkan yan wani musamman jinsunan halittu masu rai, da suka bambanta kawai a cikin halayyar siffofin dabbobi cewa suna cikin jinsuna daban. Alal misali, Ilhamin damuwa ga zuriyarsa duka ga ƙudan zuma a cikin wani taro na quite guda, amma daban-daban daga cikin wannan ilhami wasps ko tururuwa.
4. M unconditioned reflexes ba ya dogara ne a kan na sirri gwaninta, su kusan ba su canja a lokacin wata dabba ta rayuwa.
5. A mafi girma kwayoyin, irin wannan dauki mafi yawa ana da za'ayi da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin da juyayi tsarin, wani ɓangare na bawo ba gyarawa cerebral hemispheres.

Mika wuyansu da ilhami da reflex dabbobi

Kwarai daidaito na tsarin jijiya sadarwa muhimmi da cikakkar ilhami, saboda gaskiyar cewa duk dabbobi suna haife tare da juyayi tsarin. Ta riga iya amsa ayi kasafi zuwa takamaiman samuwar kasashe da muhalli. Alal misali, abu na iya fara tare da wani kaifi sauti. shi zai asirce narkewa kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma yau a lamba tare da abinci a cikin bakinsu, ko kuma a cikin ciki. shi zai kibta lokacin da na gani ruri, da sauransu. Inborn a dabbobi da mutane ba ne kawai mutum unconditioned reflexes, amma kuma da yawa fiye da hadaddun siffofin da halayen. Su kira gabbai.

Unconditioned reflex, a gaskiya, ba duka uniform, abin kõyi, canja wurin dabba ta dauki ga wani waje mai kara kuzari. An halin, ko da yake na farko, m, amma har yanzu canzawa, canzawa, dangane da waje yanayi (da karfi, musamman halin da ake ciki, da matsayi na kara kuzari). Har ila yau, shi ne ya rinjayi na ciki yanayin dabba, kuma (saukar ko ya karu aiki, hali, da dai sauransu). Saboda haka, ko da IM Sechenov a gwaje-gwajen da headless (kashin baya) frogs ya nuna cewa a lokacin da fallasa ga yatsunsu na Hind kafafu amphibious motor dauki daukan wuri daura. Daga wannan za mu iya cewa da unconditioned reflex har yanzu yana Na'urar canzawa, amma a cikin wani karamin zangon. A sakamakon haka ne cewa cimma wadannan halayen datsa jiki da kuma wani yanayi na iya zama in mun gwada m kawai a game da dan kadan da canza abubuwan da suke kewaye da duniya. Unconditioned reflex ne iya samar da dabba ta karbuwa ga sabon ko hanzari canza yanayi.

Amma ga gabbai, wani lokacin su bayyana, a cikin hanyar sauki ayyuka. Alal misali, da mahayi ta hanyar gabar wari fayyace karkashin haushi na sauran kwari larvae. Ya hudawa da haushi da kuma kayansa mãsu ta qwai a sami wanda aka azabtar. Wannan ƙare duka ya mataki da cewa za su tabbatar da ci gaba da jinsunan. Akwai hadaddun unconditioned reflexes. A gabbai na da irin wannan kunshi wani jerin ayyuka da cewa tare samar procreation. Kamar yadda wani misali, da tsuntsaye, tururuwa, ƙudan zuma, da kuma sauran dabbobi.

nau'in bayani dalla-dalla

Unconditioned reflexes (jinsin) ne ba a duka mutane da dabbobi. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa irin wannan halayen ne duk mambobi na daya jinsin zai zama guda. A matsayin misali, kunkuru. Kowane irin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa kõma kai da kuma wata gabar jiki a cikin ta harsashi a lokacin da hatsarin ya auku. Kuma duk hedgehogs billa da kuma emit abin raini sauti. Bugu da kari, ka sani cewa ba duka unconditioned reflexes faruwa a lokaci daya. Wadannan halayen bambanta daidai da shekaru, da kuma kakar. Alal misali, haifuwa lokaci ko da mota da kuma tsotsa ayyuka da cewa bayyana a cikin 18-mako tayin. Saboda haka, unconditioned halayen ne mai irin aiki lokacin da sharadi reflexes a cikin mutane da kuma dabbobi. Alal misali, matasa adulthood matsayin miƙa mulki ga sallama roba gidaje. Sun kara da adaptability da kwayoyin zuwa waje muhalli da yanayi.

mika wuyansu braking

A kan aiwatar da rai, kowane kwayoyin da aka kai a kai hõre - biyu a waje da kuma cikin - daban-daban samuwar kasashe. Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne iya haifar da wani daidai dauki - reflex. Idan duk su iya gane, sa'an nan da harshen damo da kwayoyin zai zama m. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya faru. A akasin wannan, da dauki aiki ne halin da harmonization kuma jeri. Dalilin shi ne cewa jiki ne hanawa na unconditioned reflexes. Wannan yana nufin cewa mafi muhimmanci a kuma wani lokaci da bata lokaci reflex sakandare. Yawanci, an waje braking iya faruwa a farkon wani aiki. Wani sabon pathogen kamar yadda mai karfi, take kaiwa zuwa haihuwa damping. Kuma a sakamakon baya ayyukan za ta atomatik a daina. Alal misali, kare ci, kuma a wancan lokacin da doorbell ringing. Animal nan take tsaya a nan ba cin abinci, gudanar saduwa zuwa. Akwai kaifi canji na aiki da kuma salivation a wani kare a wancan lokacin tsaya a nan ba. By mika wuyansu braking reflexes hada da wasu m martani. Su ne wasu pathogens sa cikakken lõkacin fatara daga wasu ayyukan. Alal misali, m clucking hen sa kajin mutu da guga man da ƙasa, da kuma farko daga cikin duhu sojojin zuwa dakatar singing Canary.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma m (transmarginal) hanawa. Yana taso a matsayin mayar da martani ga wani karfi mai kara kuzari, da kwayoyin na bukatar ayyuka da cewa wuce ta damar. A matakin na irin wannan daukan hotuna ne m da bugun jini mita na juyayi tsarin. The wuya da neuron ne m, da hakan da mita daga jijiyar a kwarara wanda shi ya haifar. Duk da haka, idan da ya kwarara wuce wasu iyaka, akwai wani tsari, wanda zai hana yaduwa daga cikin zumudi na neuronal circuitry. hatsaisai domin a reflex Arc laka da kwakwalwa da aka katse, sakamakon hanawa auku tsare actuators daga cikakken ci. Abin da ya bi daga wannan ƙarshe? Saboda hanawa na unconditioned reflexes jiki sake dukkan yiwu bambance-bambancen karatu da mafi isasshen, iya kare daga matsananciyar aiki. Wannan tsari kuma taimaka wa bayyanuwar ake kira nazarin halittu taka tsantsan.