Transistor shine tushen kayan fasaha na zamani

Hanya wani sashi ne wanda aka tsara don ƙarawa, samarwa, da kuma juyowan oscillations na lantarki. Masu fassarar suna da nau'i biyu: gurbi da filin.

Bipolar transistor - a semiconductor na'urar kunsha na biyu pn mararraba. An gina gine-gine na farko a kan wani nau'i na germanium, yana da maki biyu: wani emitter da mai tarawa, wanda ya taɓa farfajiyar crystal, rabu da juna ta nesa na 20-50 microns. A wasu kalmomi, sauyawar haɗin ke haɗa mahaɗin zuwa tushe (an kira shi jigon jigon emitter), kuma na biyu shine mai tarawa tare da tushe (ana kiran shi jigon mai tarawa). Ana raba kashi biyu zuwa kashi biyu: pnp da npn.

Siffar bayanan tasiri a fili shi ne na'urar haɗin kai wanda aka sarrafa shi ta hanyar canza yanayin da ya bambanta da abubuwa masu lalata, inda ƙimar halin yanzu ya ƙayyade ta hanyar canji a cikin mai shiga yanzu. Kayan filin suna ƙofar da ƙofar da yawa.

An gabatar da zane-zane na transistor a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Students bipolar kashi ne a takaice-line-akai, tana wakiltar tushe, a cikin abin da a 60 ⁰ kuma 120 ⁰ hada biyu diagonal Lines, a layi tare da kibiya - shi ne wani emitter, na biyu - da haraji. Jagoran kibiyar yana nuna nau'in na'urar. Arrow nuna da database - wannan transistor pnp irin tushe - npn. Dangane da tushe na dash ita ce lantarki na tushe. Yawan tasirin wutar lantarki na mai ƙaddamarwa dole ne a san shi don daidaitaccen haɗi na transistor zuwa maɓallin wuta. Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in a kan mai tattarawa kuma dole ne a ba da tushe tare da na'ura mai kyau na transistor, da kuma nau'in nau'in - tabbatacce. FETs a cikin zane-zanen suna nuna kamar haka: ƙofar sanya wani dash nuni, a layi daya tashar alama ce, da watsin da tashar wakilta kibau sanya tsakanin tushen da kuma magudana. Idan arrow tana nunawa a cikin tashar tashar, yana nufin cewa kashi yana da nau'in n-type, kuma idan a cikin shugabanci, to, p-type. Hoton fassarar tasiri mai tasiri tare da tashar hanyar shigarwa tana da alamun gajere uku. Idan filin filin yana da rufewa, to, ana wakilta su ta hanyar gajere, layi na ƙofar farko an sanya shi a kan tsawo na layin waya.

A ƙarshe, mun ƙara cewa transistors bai gyara wannan sunan nan da nan ba, sune aka kira su a matsayin sakonni na semiconductor (kamar fasahar lantarki). Saboda haka transistor wani ɓangaren triode, wanda shine nau'i mai sarrafawa, an yi amfani dashi a cikin ɓangaren bugun jini da kuma fadadawa. A rashin tsanani, AMINCI, kananan girma da kuma kudin - Waɗannan su ne babban abũbuwan amfãni daga wadannan na'urori, saboda abin da transistors iya korar daga cikin mutane da yawa rassan da art injin shambura. Babban amfani da na'urori masu haɓakaccen kamfanoni sune babu raguwa wanda ba zai yiwu ba, wanda yana da iko mai yawa, kuma yana buƙatar lokaci don dumama. Bugu da ƙari, transistor sau da yawa ya fi ƙasa da fitilar lantarki kuma yana iya aiki a ƙananan lantarki. Duk wannan ya rage girman yawan na'urorin lantarki.