The Red littafin Kostroma yankin: dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke

The Red Book - shi ne babban daftarin aiki, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan game da halin da rare da kuma miyagun shuka da dabbobi nau'in a duniya. Bisa ga wadannan bayanai ne da za'ayi wajen samar da kimiyya da kuma m matakan domin kariya da kuma haifuwa wanda bai isa samfurori.

Red Books ne daban-daban matakan (kasa da kasa, na kasa da na shiyya).

Red Littafi na Rasha Federation

Aiki a kan Red littafin na zamani Rasha da aka kaddamar a shekarar 1992, amma da littafin da kanta da aka buga kawai a 2001. Tun daga nan, shi ya fara bayyana yankin Red Data Books dangane da kawai zuwa wasu takamaiman wuri ko baki. Wadannan wallafe kuma ya shafi Red littafin Kostroma yankin. Dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke da aka jera a cikin wannan annotated edition, sha'awar mutane, ba kawai daga cikin Kostroma yankin, amma kuma mazauna Rasha Federation.

Wannan labarin ne taƙaitaccen jerin dabbobi na Red littafin Kostroma yankin, kazalika da jerin shuke-shuke da tsuntsaye. A dunkule bayanin kowane irin dabam a taimake ku fahimtar kyakkyawa da ƙawa da m yanayi na duniya, abin da ya kamata a kiyaye su da kuma kare.

Kostroma yankin

Kostroma Oblast aka located a arewa maso gabashin Turai Rasha. An located a cikin moraine tuddai, wani lokacin ma swampy filayen.

Yankin ne domin ta shahara ruwa. A cikin ƙasa na Kostroma yankin akwai game da dubu uku koguna, da manya da} ananan, mafi muhimmanci daga abin da yake da Volga. Mafi yawa daga cikin yankin ta ƙasa rufe da gandun daji, mafi yawa coniferous. Saboda haka, wanda zai iya kawai tunanin yadda arziki da kuma bambance bambancen ne Flora da fauna daga yankin, wanda mazauninsu ne don haka daban-daban, kuma yana da yawa fuskokin: shi ne kuma m kogin gudana, da kuma na bakin ciki m kõguna. wannan m plantation, da kuma rigar grassy fadamun.

Mene ne iri Flora da fauna kare Red littafin Kostroma yankin? Photo da kuma bayanin gare za a yi a cikin wannan labarin.

Fauna. vertabrate

Wakilai daga cikin fauna daga Kostroma yankin - wadanda wani dadi mazauninsu gandun daji da kuma tundra. Kamar yadda na aikin data, a yankin akwai mutum ɗari uku da sittin da shida karatu vertabrate tamanin da shida na wanda suna dauke rare ko miyagun.

Animals Kostroma yankin, da aka jera a cikin Red Book - shi ne, a sama da dukan, da tsuntsaye da kuma hakori. Ko da yake akwai daga cikinsu, da kuma yara, kamar Turai mink.

A Turai mink - dabba mai shayarwa na weasel iyali. Ya na zaune a kan gaba na ruwa tare da m gangaren gaba, overgrown tare da ciyawa da kuma alders, ciyarwa a kan kifi, crayfish da kwaɗi. Wani lokaci yana iya ko da za a ciyar da kaji.

The bayãnin hukuncin alama na da irin wannan - da iyo membrane tsakanin yatsun kafa. mink jiki tsawon jeri daga 28 zuwa 43 cm, da kuma nauyi - daga 550 zuwa 800

A Turai mink aka sani na da muhimmanci Jawo, don haka da Red littafin Kostroma yankin ya yi shawara don ya auro ta karkashin jihar kariya. Similar mataki da aka dauka, da kuma sauran Red Littafi na Rasha.

Fauna. short jerin

Rare miyagun vertabrate Kostroma yankin kuma sun hada da:

Dabbobi masu shayarwa aji:

Daga cikin tsari na Insectivorous - Common muskrat da American gajeren shrew.

Daga cikin tsari na Bat - Red noctule, kandami jemage, dogon-eared jemage, bi-launi fata da sauransu.

Na rodent - Siberian tashi kurege, Sadovaya Sonya, itace lemming, da dai sauransu ...

Class masu rarrafe:

Daga cikin tsari na Scale - Anguis fragilis da yashi lizard.

Daga cikin tsari na Macizai - Common copperhead.

A ajin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa:

Daga cikin tsari Tailed - Siberian salamander.

Daga cikin tsari na tailless - Turai wuta-bellied toad, kowa spadefoot toad, fadama rana , da kuma da yawa, mutane da yawa wasu.

Saboda haka idan kana so ka farautar a Kostroma asashe, ka mai da hankali a farkon, karanta Red Littãfi, ba ka bazata hallaka muhimmanci da kuma namun dajin.

Fauna. Vertabrate. kifi

Wannan shawara ta shafi duk masunta da kuma masoya na kadi, saboda Red littafin Kostroma yankin kare ko redkovstrechaemyh kifi. Daga cikin su ya kamata mu ambaci Turai Grayling daga zasu aike da sojojinsu Salmoniformes.

Turai Grayling - wani ruwa tare kifi na kifi iyali, yana da wani musamman m canza launi da kuma na zaune a cikin sanyi da kuma tsabta ruwaye. Its tsawon iya isa 60 cm, da kuma nauyi - 6.5 kg. Grayling ci crustaceans, gizo-gizo, mollusks, kwari, har ma da kananan kifi.

Abin lura shi ne cewa Turai graylings da m ƙanshi thyme (ko thyme).

A Kostroma yankin da za a kare da sauran ruwa tare kifi: Sturgeon, Rasha sturgeon, Rasha bystranka, Gorceac, kuraje vulgaris, da sauransu.

Fauna. Vertabrate. tsuntsãye

Wanda kuma kare Red littafin Kostroma yankin? Animals hada a cikin wannan jerin, domin daban-daban azuzuwan da subspecies. Su ne da kyau sosai, kuma m, a da bayyanar, halaye da kuma rawar da yanayi.

Daga cikin wadanda fauna kamata kula da reshe-kamar. Daya daga cikin su daukan karkashin kariya ta Red littafin Kostroma yankin? Bird aka ambata a cikin shi - shi ne, a sama da dukan, wani detachment na Ciconiiformes, wani haske misali na wanda shine Black shamuwa.

Black stork - mai kyau tsuntsu m canza launi. Its wutsiya yana da wani arziki baki launi, da abin da ja kafafu da kuma baki ze musamman mai haske da kuma m.

Birds da gandun daji area, kusa da ruwa, guje wa mutane da kuma gidajen zama yankunan. Ciyar da yafi kananan vertabrate da kwaro (wani lokacin ma hakori, macizai da kadangaru).

Wintering Black shamuwa a kudancin Asiya. Ya fi so abin wãsa - karu har zuwa a guje, fikafikansu-eagled. Hatches shamuwa kajin game da wata, da zũriyarsu bayyana m tare da juna. Kan gaba da watanni biyu, da adult tsuntsaye ciyar da jariran, belching abinci.

Sauran tsuntsaye, wadda ta ambaci Red littafin Kostroma yankin (kuma akwai akalla hamsin), su ma kyau da kuma arancinsu karatu, kazalika da Black shamuwa. Da farko, wannan Gray Heron da Little Bittern, Whooper Swan da kuma Red-breasted Goose, Golden Eagle da Short-toed Eagle, Merlin, kuma oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya Warbler da HAWFINCH, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Fauna. kwaro

The Red littafin Kostroma yankin ƙunshi jerin invertebrate dabbobi, da ake bukata musamman kariya. Wanda akwai talatin da takwas jinsunan. Wadannan sun hada da wasu Shellfish (na kowa mussel kuma m shelled kogin mussel), crustaceans (Spring schiten, Summer schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), Mazari (Green kaka, m kyakkyawa, Lütke-nymph), Beetles (Jamus racer, Marmara Chafer, widest irin ƙwaro) , Hymenoptera (Big Birch sawfly, Average zirnako, ma'aikacin kotu Ground) da kuma da yawa wasu.

Fauna. malam

Hakika, a karkashin kariya ta jihar fadi da yawa malam. Daga cikin su - Swallowtail.

Swallowtail - wani kyakkyawa rana malam na iyali Lepidoptera. Its gaban fenders aka yi wa ado da haske sabon abu ado - black spots da zane, kazalika da mai fadi da baki kan iyaka. A na baya-fuki da mafi m juna: blue da kuma rawaya faci gaba da wani ja-kasa-kasa ido, kewaye da baki saki. Wingspan irin wannan malam zai iya isa 81 mm a su maza da mãtã 94 mm.

Swallowtail live a cikin fadamun daban-daban iri, a kan gandun daji gefuna da clearings, gefen titi da kuma riverbanks.

Mãtan sa qwai swallowtail, shawagi a sararin sama, a kan kaikaice surface na kara ko underside da ganyen rundunar shuke-shuke, wanda zai iya zama wata sãniya parsnip, dill, faski, alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny da yawa wasu. Saboda wannan, da haifuwa na malam fallasa su a manyan wargajewa a matsayin sakamako na wuta, mowing ciyawa, waje kiwo da kuma tattakewa fadamun ƙarfafa.

Duk da haka, baya daga rare jinsunan fauna a cikin Red Littãfi, ba shakka, an hada da wakilan da shuka duniya.

Flora. furanni

Tsire-tsire na Red littafin Kostroma yankin gaske musamman. Sunã dukar a cikin kyakkyawa da singularity, m da m kyakkyawa.

Da farko, shi ne kusan ashirin jinsunan orchid jinsunan quire da buttercup iyali, ga fiye da goma sha biyar jinsunan sedge da ciyawa. Daga cikin irin wannan iri-iri na flowering da kuma m Flora, Ambaton ya kamata a yi na bulbous calypso.

Calypso albasa - a perennial herbaceous shuka na orchid iyali, tsaye a waje domin ta m kyau flower. Manyan da m flower tare da saukar da saukar shugaban ya kai wani tsawon kimanin 1.5 cm, kuma yana da lebe hange jakar kwai (kimanin 2 cm). bakinka dimbin yawa kamar takalma, wanda shi ne a kan tushe na uku bim mai haske rawaya dankon.

Calypso Flowering ya auku a watan Mayu da Yuni, kuma fruiting - a watan Yuli da watan Agusta.

Kaka za'ayi canji flower ganye, don haka an rufe shi da dusar ƙanƙara ne har yanzu sabo ne kore ganye, wanda ya nuna da wurare masu zafi asalin calypso bulbous.

Flora. sauran shuke-shuke

Tsire-tsire Kostroma yankin, da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi, ba a iyakance ga kawai da launuka. Su kuma sun hada da Lichens (Lobar huhu), ja algae (Batrahospermum rataye), mosses (Sphagnum fadama, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), kazalika da wasu daga itãce, kuma shrubs. Da farko, shi ne - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya, Dwarf Birch kuma Birch squat.

Total gadi dauka ɗari da hamsin da shida jinsunan tsirrai da shuka kwayoyin. Daga gare su, Ambaton ya kamata a sanya irin wannan hayayyafa Flora matsayin baki crowberry.

Crowberry baki (ko baki Shiksha) - shi ne mai kananan Evergreen shrub Heather iyali. Tsiro, yafi a manyan, crowberry bushes ake samu a yankunan m, kazalika a coniferous gandun daji da kuma tundra da dunes.

A rassan bushes da kore, da launin ruwan kasa, ko m launi, da kuma furanni da greenish ruwan hoda ko m-purple launi. Kaka crowberry baki opaque drupe 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da samun magani da sinadirai masu Properties.

Tamanin da littafin

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, da Red littafin Kostroma yankin - wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci da kuma ban sha'awa batun. Ado da haske misalai bayar da taƙaitaccen bayanin da bayanai game da daban-daban namun dajin, shi zai dauki da rightful wuri a cikin dakin karatu da kuma taimaka maka shiga cancanta da daraja manufa - kiyayewa da kuma kariya da muhalli.