Taqaitaccen Tarihin Rembrandt da aikinsa. Mafi shahara ayyuka da Rembrandt

Brief biography na Rembrandt da aikinsa ne ya wakilci a cikin labarin zai gabatar da daya daga cikin mafi girma da artists dukan lokaci. Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyn (shekaru na rayuwa - 1606-1669) - sanannen Dutch fenta, etcher da draftsman. Aikinsa ne Ribar da muradin su fahimci ainihin na rayuwa, kazalika da ciki duniyar mutum. Rembrandt yi sha'awar a cikin dũkiyar ruhaniya abubuwan muhimmi a cikin mutane. A kerawa na artist - saman Dutch art na 17th karni. Har ila yau, an dauke daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shafukan da m al'adu na duniya. Ko mutanen da suke da nisa daga zanen, suka san yana aiki. Rembrandt - shi ne mai ban mamaki artist, wanda rayuwarsa da kuma aiki domin tabbatar da za ka yi sha'awar.

Rembrandt ta m al'adunmu

Musamman bambance bambancen m wasiyya da cewa ya bar mana. Rembrandt fentin hotuna, shimfidar, har yanzu lifes, Genre al'amuran. Ya halicci zane-zane a kan mythological, Littafi Mai Tsarki, tarihi jigogi, kazalika da sauran ayyuka. Rembrandt ne yarda da juna, master of etching da zane.

Rayuwa a Leiden

Rembrandt ta rayuwa a cikin 1620, alama da taƙaitaccen horo a Jami'ar Leiden. Sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar ya kebe da ransa art. Don wannan karshen, ya yi karatu na farko a Leiden J. Van Svanenbyurha (game da 1620-23 shekaru), sa'an nan a Amsterdam da P. Lastman (a 1623). A lokacin daga 1625 zuwa 1631 da artist aiki a Leiden. Ga halitta ta farko da ayyukan Rembrandt.

Ya kamata a lura cewa aikinsa alaka da Leiden lokaci, halin da search for m marubuta 'yancin kai, duk da cewa su muhimmanci da tasiri Lastman, kazalika da wakilan da Dutch karavadzhizma. Kamar yadda wani misali, aikin "Kawo cikin Haikali", halitta game 1628-29 shekaru. The "Manzo Bulus" (game da 1629-30 shekara), kazalika da "Saminu, a cikin Haikalin Ubangiji" (1631), da zane-zane da farko koma zuwa ga haske da launi, da nufin tsara don karfafa tunanin expressiveness da wahayi images. A lokaci guda, Rembrandt yi aiki tukuru a kan hoto. Ya yi karatu da fuska.

1630 shekaru a cikin rãyuwar Rembrandt

An muhimmin taron ga master of rayuwa faru a 1632. Motsi zuwa Amsterdam alama biography na artist Rembrandt. Biography of shi bisa wannan lokaci shi ne kamar haka.

A Amsterdam mu da sha'awar a cikin artist zarar aure. Yana da aka zaba daya Saskia van Eylenburh arziki patrician (hoto na ta ne da aka sama). Wannan mace da aka marãya. Mahaifinta wani memba na Board of Friesland, magajin gari na Leeverdena. Saskia 'yan'uwa biyu sun lauyoyin. Daga cikin zumunta na mace - da yawa jami'an gwamnati da kuma masana. Ta kawo farin ciki ga wani m katako gidan mai zane-zane. Rembrandt ya samarwa ta gida da yawa rare abubuwa, a sakamakon wanda ya zama real gidan kayan gargajiya. Jagora ciyar da yawa lokaci a wani takarce shagon, a tallace-tallace da kuma auctions. Ya sayi kwafi da zane-zane, a India da kuma Sin sassaka ratayen wuya, tsohon makamai, da mutummutumai, m crystal da kuma china. Dukkan wadannan abubuwa zama a matsayin backdrop ga zane-zane, wanda ya yi halitta. Sun yi wahayi zuwa ga artist. Rembrandt kaunace dress up mijinki a kyalle, kauri da siliki. Ya ¡uraishi ta da lu'ulu'u, kuma Diamonds. Saukake kuma da farin ciki ya dauki siffar da ransa, cike da kerawa, aikin da soyayya. A general 1630 shekaru - wannan lokaci, iyali farin ciki da kuma mai girma m nasara.

Hotuna 1630 ta

All hotuna na zuwa 1630 shekaru, nuna subtlety da lura da kuma Rembrandt. Wannan ya kawo shi zuwa Keyser, van der Helstom, Rubens da Van Dyck. Wadannan zane-zane yawanci sanya a kan wani haske launin toka bango lebur. Sau da yawa akwai m format na ayyukansa. Rembrandt halitta hotuna cewa buga wata babbar roba karfi. Ta samu simplification da chiaroscuro baki da fari jituwa, kazalika kai tsaye-view model. All ayyuka suna cike da ayyukan alheri, ja hankalin masu abun da ke ciki da kuma tsauri sauƙi. A cikin hotunan Amsterdam lokaci, idan aka kwatanta da Leiden, smoother irin zane. Kari hannunka yana da wani m ma'anar (da artist da gangan ba ya nuna daya hannun). Wannan, kazalika da adadi shugabannin juya kama canzawa da Baroque transience.

Halaye na wasu hotuna na 1630 ta

Kwatanta rayuwa da kuma aiki na Rembrandt wannan lokaci, ba za mu iya koma zuwa hotuna halitta shi. Su ne quite yawa. Rembrandt ta aikin "The tiyata Darasi na Dr. Tyulpa" (hoton sama) an halitta a 1632. A da shi marubucin innovatively kusata da maganin matsalar for wani rukuni photo, tare da sakamakon cewa abun da ke ciki ya juya a annashuwa. Rembrandt Yã sanya sõyayya a dukan mutane wakilci a cikin hoton, guda mataki. Wannan aiki ya kawo shi mai daraja.

A wasu hotuna halitta da yawa umarni, da artist hankali mika tufafi, na fuska fasali, kayan ado. Daya misali - da aikin "Vertical na burgrave", wanda aka rubuta a 1636 Garmens Rembrandt Van Reyn. Rayuwa da aikin wani artist suna a hankali nasaba. Alal misali, mafi bambancin da kuma free of abun da ke ciki hotuna na mutane kusa da Rembrandt, kazalika da kai-hotuna (daya daga cikinsu, kafa a 1634, da aka gabatar a sama). The artist ne ba tsoro su yi gwaji, kokarin m expressiveness. Akwai ya kamata a kira a matsayin kai-hoto, halitta a 1634, da kuma "Smile Saskia", rubuta a 1633.

Famous zanen "Merry Company", ko "Kai Vertical da Saskia" (photo na aikin gabatar a sama), ya kammala da nema na wannan lokaci. Yana da aka rubuta a 1635 Rembrandt Van Reyn. A rayuwa da kuma aiki da artist a hanya ta musamman bayyana a cikin wannan aiki. A da shi, ya fada baro m da nan data kasance canons. A hoto tsaye a waje free iri na zanen, live spontaneity na abun da ke ciki, da kuma cika da haske, upbeat, m palette.

Littafi Mai Tsarki ya qagaggun da mythological scenes 1630

A 1630 shekaru, da artist halitta da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki qagaggun. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - "The hadaya Ibrahim". Yana nufin 1635. Littafi Mai-Tsarki qagaggun wannan lokaci alama ta rinjayar Italian Baroque zanen. Its sakamako aka bayyana a cikin abun da ke ciki kuzarin kawo cikas (dama tilasta), haske da launi saba, sharpness kusassari.

A cikin aikin Rembrandt wannan lokaci, musamman wuri nasa ne da mythological al'amuran. A artist bai bi gargajiya hadisai da kuma canons, amai su a m kalubale. Daya daga cikin ayyuka na ƙwarai, wanda za a iya lura a nan - shi ke nan "Fyade da Ganymede" (1635).

"Danae"

A monumental abun da ke ciki da ake kira "Danaus" cikakken aiwatuwa ado ra'ayoyi Rembrandt. A wannan aikin, ya zama kamar ma shiga wata muhawara tare da mai artists na Renaissance. Rembrandt wanda aka nuna tsirara Danae ba ya dace da na gargajiya akida. The artist yi wannan aiki tare da mai idon basira spontaneity, sosai m ga ajalinsa. Ya contrasted manufa, da ji-jiki kyakkyawa images halitta da Italian Masters, m kyakkyawa da kuma zafi na mutum ji.

sauran ayyukan

Har ila yau a 1630 shekaru, Rembrandt yawa lokaci aka kishin aiki a ma'adanin na engraving da etching. Yana iya a lura da irin ayyukan da ya yi a matsayin "a biyu daga cikin ɓata" da kuma "The mai sayarwa na maganin bera." The artist kuma Ya halitta a fensir zane takaita a style kuma gaɗi ƙwarai.

Rembrandt ta kerawa 1640

Wadannan shekaru alamar an ta da rikici tsakanin m ayyukan Rembrandt kuma mai iyaka bukatar ya Sahaban. A bayyane yake cewa wannan rikici bayyana kanta a 1642. Sa'an nan aikin Rembrandt ta "Night Watch" ta sa tashe-tashen hankula abokan ciniki. Ba su dauki babban ra'ayin na artist. Rembrandt kungiyar maimakon saba hoto wanda aka nuna jaruntakar-dagagge hanya, cikinsa da ƙararrawa shooters Kungiya protruding. Wannan shi ne, shi ya kasance, za ka iya ce, tarihi hoto. Ta farka Sahaban tunanin na yaki da 'yantar yakukuwan da Dutch mutane.

Bayan wannan aikin ya rage da ambaliya na Rembrandt ta umarni. Ransa ya ɓaci ta wurin mutuwa da kuma Saskia. A 1640, a lokacin da artist aikin rasa ta m kyau. Sheet hawa dutsen halayyar ga shi a baya, kuma ya bace. Rembrandt fara rubuta m salo da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki al'amuran, cike da kawance da kuma zafi. A cikinsu yana bayyana da dabara tabarau na ji, ji na kinship, kawance. Daga cikin wadannan, ya kamata a lura, "The Holy Family" a 1645, kazalika da hoto na "Dawuda da Jonathan" (1642).

Kamar yadda a cikin jadawalin, kazalika a cikin zanen da Rembrandt an ƙara zama muhimmanci sosai da dabara play haske da launi. Ya Halicci musamman yanayi - haushi m, ban mamaki. Ya kamata a lura monumental hoto takardar Rembrandt "Ɗari Guilder Print," da kuma "takardar na ɗari guilders," ya fara game da 1642-46 shekaru. Kana bukatar kuma ka kira wuri mai faɗi a 1643 "Three itatuwa" cika da haske da kuma iska kuzarin kawo cikas.

1650 shekaru a cikin aikin na Rembrandt

An lura tsanani rayuwa gwaji ya jimre da artist. Wannan 1650 zai fara lokacin da ya m balaga. Rembrandt fara ƙara juya ga hoto. Ya kwatanta mutane mafi kusa zuwa gare shi. Daga cikin wadannan, shi ne ya kamata a lura da yawa hotuna na Hendrickje Stoffels, na biyu matar artist. Shi ne kuma quite na ƙwarai halitta a 1654 "Vertical na wata tsõhuwa." A 1657 da artist fentin wani na ya shahara aiki - "Ɗan Titus karatu."

Images of talakawa mutane da kuma tsofaffi

Images of talakawa mutane, musamman tsofaffi, suna ƙara janyo hankalin da artist. Su ne a cikin ayyukansu misalta ruhaniya dũkiya da hikimar rayuwa. A 1654, Rembrandt halitta "Vertical na artist matar ta wa", da kuma a 1652-1654 - "Vertical na wani Old Man a Red" (hoton sama). Fenta fara zama sha'awar a hannun ta da fuska, wanda ake hasken taushi haske. Suka ze fizge daga cikin duhu. Figures aka halin da kawai m fuska mimicry. Yana nuna hadaddun motsi na ji da kuma tunani. Rembrandt jũyar haske da pasty goga shanyewar jiki, yin surface na zanen shimmering chiaroscuro kuma m launukansa.

Wuya kudi halin da ake ciki

A 1656, da artist ayyana fatara, da barin dukan kayayyakinsu suka tafi a karkashin da guduma. Rembrandt aka tilasta su matsa zuwa Yahudawa kwata na birnin Amsterdam. A nan sai ya ciyar da sauran rayuwarsa a sosai cramped yanayi.

Creative aikin da Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyna 1660s

Littafi Mai-Tsarki qagaggun halitta a 1660 shekaru, summed up Rembrandt tunãni a kan ma'anar rayuwa. A aikinsa wannan lokaci, akwai zane-zane da kishin karo na haske da duhu ya fara a cikin mutum rai. A yawan ayyuka a wannan batun sanya ta Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn, biography da jerin zane-zane wanda muka kasance sha'awar. Daga cikin wadannan ayyuka muna bukatar mu amince da aikin "Assuriyawa, Hãmãna da Esther", halitta a 1660. da kuma "Dawuda da Uri" ko "sauke Amana" (1665). Suna halin wani m iri na rubuce-rubuce, dumi da cikakken kewayo, hadaddun textured saman, da wuya play haske da launi. Duk wannan dole ne ya kasance artist ya bayyana da hadaddun wani tunanin abubuwan da rikice-rikice, domin amincewa da nasarar da kyau a kan mugunta.

Historical zanen da Rembrandt kira "The hada baki da Claudius Civilis", kuma aka sani da "hada baki da Batavians," an halitta a 1661. An imbued tare da heroism da kuma harsh wasan kwaikwayo.

"The Return na ɓataccen ɗa"

da artist halitta aikin "The Return na ɓataccen ɗa" A bara ransa. Yana Dates daga 1668-69 shekaru. Wannan monumental zane ne mai babbar fitacciyar da Rembrandt. Yana aiwatuwa duk da halin kirki da kuma na ado da kuma m hangen zaman gaba, halayyar da marigayi lokacin aikinsa. The artist tare da mafi fasaha a wannan film Ya mayar da dukan kewayon bayyanawa da hadaddun mutum motsin zuciyarmu. A m yana nufin ya qarqashinsu tonawa kyakkyawa gãfara, tausayi, hankali. A terse ma'ana gestures da matsayi na aiwatuwa culmination na ƙarfin lantarki miƙa mulki ga wani m warware hankula sha'awa. A cikin hoto, wanda aka located sama, za ka iya ganin shi ne na karshe aiki na Rembrandt.

Mutuwar Rembrandt, da darajar da kerawa

Shahararren mai zane-zane Dutch, etcher da draftsman mutu a Amsterdam Oktoba 4, 1669 Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt, waɗanda ayyukansu an san kuma ƙaunar da yawa, ya na da wani banbanci ba a kara raya zanen. Wannan a fili take ba kawai a kan ayyukan dalibinsa, wanda Carel Fabritius zo domin ya fahimci Rembrandt ta kusa, amma kuma a kan ayyukan Dutch artist kowane, fiye ko žasa da muhimmanci. Pictures of yawa artists gani da tasiri na irin wannan artist kamar Rembrandt Van Reyn. Artwork "Fadama", wanda marubucin - Yakubu van Ruisdael - yiwuwa daya daga irin ayyukan. Yana nuna wani ɓangare hamada gandun daji ambaliyar ruwa da ruwa. Wannan hoto shaida, wata alama ce ma'anar.

A nan gaba, ya na da wani karfi tasiri a kan ci gaban idon basira art a general, babban Rembrandt. Zane-zane da kuma biography na sha'awar da yawa daga mutane zuwa wannan rana. Wannan ya nuna cewa aikinsa shi ne ainihin quite m. Masterpieces da Rembrandt, bayanin da yawa daga abin da aka gabatar a wannan labarin, har yanzu wahayi zuwa gare artists.