Subject mahaifarsa a Lermontov M.Yu. Lermontov ta waqe game da mahaifarsa

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov, ne haƙĩƙa, daya daga cikin mafi girma Rasha kasida, sunansa ya zo da adabi na kasar mu a dukan duniya daraja. A cikin darajar ta sa a kan daidai da irin wannan girma 'yan baiwa kamar Alexander Pushkin, kuma NV Litattafan Gogol.

Babban m lokaci na mawãƙi: Romantic (1828-1832), da miƙa mulki (1833-1836) da kuma balagagge (1837-1841). Subject mahaifarsa a Lermontov gudanar ta hanyar dukan aikinsa.

Tun da tsakiyar 1830s, da mawãƙi farawa don saya ta musamman romantic ganewa na tarihi da kuma zamantakewa tsari, kafa a lokacin a Turai falsafa ilmi da kuma historiography (AV Schlegel, Hegel GF, gg Gervinus Kuma z. sa'iqi et al.), kazalika da Rasha da kuma Turai adabi (Schiller, Goethe, Bestuzhev, W. Scott, N. Field, K. Ryleev, farkon litattafan Gogol da sauransu).

Communication sau da ƙarnõnin

Kamar yadda ya ce I. Goethe, da artist dole ji wannan tsari kamar yadda tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare da baya da kuma yanzu. A cewar gg Gervinus, m mutum a matsayin mamba na bukatar ya zama wani jirgin saman soja "a cikin rundunar sojojin rabo." Fate aka fahimci matsayin da ganin na madawwamin connection tsakanin nan gaba da kuma wuce suka faru a cikin rãyuwar.

Farga da kanta a irin wannan rawa, Lermontov daukan kariya ta mutum da mutum. Feeling dangane da al'ummomi da kuma zamanai, Mikhail a lokaci guda za ta hanyar da ban mamaki rata. The sanyi gaskiya ne tsayayya a sani shi ne dalilin da ya sa jaruntakar da na Russian mutane. Yana hana amfani, harkar muhimmanci aiki na gaskiya soyayya, wanda kawo mutane ga juna cikin wani sosai raya al'umma, ya sa su a kan wani sabon matakin na halin kirki da kuma ruhaniya kai-dadada da kuma bunkasa.

Hali-labarin-abada

Contrasting baya a yanzu, Lermontov, jigo na halitta da kuma motherland abin da aka saukar a da yawa ƙwarai, bisa ga VF Egorova, yana so ya ware daga dabara na "ainihi-tarihi-abada" tsakiya bangaren. Zanga-zangar adawa tarihi, Mikhail gani da aiki a zargi na zamani ƙarni na sakaci da apathy (da waka "Duma") da kuma tunatarwa ɗaukaka da jaruntakar da na mutane ( "Borodino").

DS Merezhkovsky debunks da labari na zargin Solovyov "demonic" Lermontov. Ya ce, da wani lokacin, karanta zamani adabi, ya saninsa ba tsammani taso cewa ta na da tikis Rasha gaskiya. Sadarwa a tsakanin karshe shekaru hamsin a fagen adabi da kuma gaskiya, da marubucin ya rubuta cewa, a hallaka su. Wannan aka nuna a cikin ayyukan Lermontov.

"Song game Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich"

"Song game Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ..." ne kunshe a guda almara rubutu halitta da marubucin kamar mafarki, mafarki na almara mai daraja da lokacin da Rasha da aka "falke mutane" m na hadaya, wannan jaruntakar yi da hali a cikin sunan mafi girma a raga, " madawwamiyar doka "kasancewa inducing wani mutum da irin wannan jaruntaka ayyukansu. Sun ci gaba da kadan ya fi tsayi, amma har abada zama a cikin memory daga cikin mutane, ta hanyar hada "nan take" to "dawwama". Subject mahaifarsa a Lermontov sau da yawa saukar a cikin wadannan ayyuka, wadda bisa ga Mikhail Yurevich, dokoki ne a kara mythological Legends ne ga artist da kuma marubuci kamar Alexander ya ce, Pushkin, "farin ciki" fiye da tarihi tunanin.

A lyrics na wani sabon nau'in

Lermontov halitta shi da shayari da lyrics na wani sabon nau'in ake hada cikin wani kai tsaye hulda da hadisi, tarihi da kuma sirri gwaninta da latest falsafa da tunani. Haka kuma an hada da ƙishirwa na duniya farin ciki da kuma ilimi tunani, hakan kuma na sirri sha'awa da motsin zuciyarmu, da tsarki, tarin zahirin kalma da kuma yau da kullum magana.

Lermontov aka dogara ne a kan dukkan muhimman falsafa Concepts game da mutum, kuma mutum (Kant, GWF Hegel, Schelling, Fichte IG et al.), Amma bai ba, baicin kõwa daga gare su. Ya poetic tunani juya a cikin wani kayan aiki na kai-da ilmi da kuma sanin duniya, don shawo kan gazawar rationalism da subjectivism falsafa muhimmi a cikin zamani romanticism, kawar disharmony zamani gaskiya, sunã gaggãwa zuwa neman gaske na ruhaniya dabi'u.

MY Lermontov, fallasa da ban tausayi halin da ake ciki na zamani Rasha da kuma tunanin mutum a cikin wannan kasa, ci gaba da neman hanyoyi daban-daban don komawa wani mutum zuwa šan dukan, da mutane, da ma'aikatan Allah. A sakamakon haka, da mawãƙi, assimilate da nike da nasarorin da Rasha da kuma duniya na poetic tunani, sai na bude yiwuwa ga ci gaban sabuwar manufar - symbolist shayari milestone 19th da 20th ƙarni, kazalika da dukan gaba wakoki.

Subject mahaifarsa a shayari Lermontov buɗewa a cikin wani mawuyacin lokaci na mika mulki. Tare da ikon da expressiveness na Lermontov aiwatuwa duniya da abubuwan da ra'ayoyi ɓullo da m hali na zamani tsaka lokaci. Kafa a matsayin mawãƙi a iyakar tsakanin fadada daga cikin mulkin gargajiya serf tsarin da rashin yaqini a nan gaba, shi ne powerfully bayyana wannan tsaka-tsaki Jihar hankali, tearing da sarƙõƙi anã jan shackling tsohon Concepts, amma har yanzu ba gano sabon ginin.

MY Lermontov. Gida: theme da ra'ayin

Subject mahaifarsa a cikin ayyukan Lermontov, dangantakar mutum da kuma jihar tilasta Mikhail Yurevich samun damar ba da lõkutan fãɗuwar m da'a da kuma zamantakewa da falsafa matsaloli. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne bai cika ba, kamar yadda da adadi a cikin ra'ayi na mawãƙi ya ba da wani sa na dangantakar a cikin al'umma da mutum, kyan gani ta fuskar duniya yanayi.

"Duma"

Hali nuna Lermontov cikin 'yan adawa zuwa ga dukan duniya cewa shi ne tasiri, amma sau da yawa m mata musu duk abin da, ɗaɗɗaure' yancin sarauta maɗaukaka burin jama'ar. A wannan yanayin, da mawãƙi ya jũya zuwa ga Sahaban. A cikin waka "Duma," da aka rubuta a 1838, da wani bakin ciki tunani na zamani, da wanzuwa tafi, ta hanyar rayuwar ba tare da barin wata alama a tarihi, ya maye gurbin wa yaro mafarki na wani romantic heroism.

Lermontov ji zamar masa dole ya sanar da Sahaban da gaskiya game da halin da ake ciki deplorable a cikinsa akwai lamirinsu da kuma ruhu. A ra'ayi na Mikhail Yurevich, shi ne wata kaskantattu, rauni-so, da matsorata tsara rayuwa ba tare da wani bege na nan gaba. Wannan shi ne mawãƙi ta nasara ne watakila wuya fiye da shirye saboda su kasar da kuma ta 'yanci zuwa mutuwa a kan scaffold. Saboda ba kawai Lermontov ta abokan gaba, amma ko da ga wanda ya ruwaito wannan bakin ciki gaskiya, Mikhail Yurevich da ake zargi da ƙarya da zunubi da zamani al'umma. kawai VG Belinsky da mamaki m za a iya gani a cikin "chilled da kyau-natured" hali zuwa rayuwa Lermontov bangaskiya a cikin daraja da mutunci da 'yan adam.

A feat a cikin sunan Mahaifa, mahaifiyata

Mikhail ba ya so kuma ba zai iya ɓõyẽwa, tunaninsa. All waqe, wasanin kwaikwayo, waqoqi da kuma mummunan da ya alkalami a cikin goma sha uku shekaru na tsanani kerawa - wannan shi ne wani feat a cikin sunan motherland da kuma 'yanci. Subject mahaifarsa a cikin ayyukan Lermontov da aka nuna ba kawai a cikin tasbihinsa na Rasha nasara a cikin waka: "Borodino", a cikin shahararrun Lines "Ina son fatherland ...", amma kuma a cikin da yawa daga cikin ayyuka, wanda aka ba kai tsaye magana game da 'yanci, ba game da mahaifarsa, amma ga ganawa da mawãƙi, da rabo daga cikin tsara, m zubar da jini, m fursuna, wõfintattu na rayuwa, hijira. Ƙarfafu da zamani ƙarni na jaruntakar da na mutane ( "Song game Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich", "Borodino"), sai ya bayyana bangaskiya a cikin m da kuma jaruntakar mutum m, wanda zai iya shawo kan bala'i na nan gaba, da tarihi da kuma na yanzu halin da ake ciki. Soyayya ga Lermontov mahaifarsa ya aiki, aiki.

Lermontov ta gwarzo a cikin waka: "Daga Andreya Shene" nuna a kan bukatar jama'a mataki a cikin ayyuka "10 Yuli 1830" da "Yuli 30 (Paris) 1830" Yana neman shiga a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci fadace-fadace da kuma maraba da mahalarta, a cikin waka: "Hasashen" ya zane-zane da janyo hankalin tawaye.

Gida a farkon lyric

A heroes na farkon shayari - Byron da Napoleon - Mikhail ma waka mai jama'a yi. Duk da haka, da ya gabatar na neman sauyi upheavals, kamar gwarzo na volitional mataki Napoleon, suna da sabanin. Lermontov rubuta cewa daya banrazana shekara a lokacin da daular mulkinsu da aka kifar, mutane za su gushe son King, da kuma "abinci na mutane da yawa mutuwa ne, kuma jini." Aka bayyana hoto - sakamakon da tawaye a cikin kasar - shi ne mai m da quite daban-daban daga abin da farin ciki lokacin da aka neman wani gwarzo. Shi ne da apotheosis na hargitsi, halaka, da shan wahala ba na mutum ba.

"Tsinkaya"

A cikin waka "Tsinkaya", rubuta ta da mawãƙi ko da goma sha shida a 1830, Lermontov annabci na sananne bala'i da bakin ciki sakamakon irin abubuwan da suka faru. A mummunan siffa daga cikin Executioner ya kwatanta a baki alkyabbar. Wannan misãli image na impenetrable duhu, a bayyane a yanzu domin na girgije, da hayaki da kuma wata karni.

Tuni a farkon waqe Lermontov nuna kafirci cikin mutane da rai, mai yanke ƙauna. Daga baya, shawo kan janye Muse Byron, ya ga yana kokarin samun goyon bayan su akida a gaskiya da kanta. Subject mahaifarsa a Lermontov fara sauti daban-daban. Ya bayyana soyayya ga ƙasar haihuwarmu (zaton, misali, da "mahaifarsa" aya ta bincike na Lermontov), a ji na tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare da yanayi, an canza kama zuwa wani gwaninta na jituwa da sararin samaniya ( "Kuma idan tãguwar ruwa yellowing gonaki").

"Borodino"

Subject mahaifarsa da aka saukar a cikin shahararrun waka "Borodino" a Lermontov. Wannan aikin da aka buga a "Littafi" a 1837. A tarihin waka ke mayar da farkon romantic waqe "Field na Borodino." Lermontov a hanyoyi da dama canza ainihin aikin. Location unknown magana, 'yanci-ƙauna, amma a cikin volnolyubiya m, ya dauki "kawun" - quite prosaic riwayan, kamar yadda ayar analysis. Lermontov haifuwa dubi mafi idon basira saboda rubutu, wasu pathetic misali sassa an tsabtace, bai dace da hakikanin abubuwan. Kamar mummunan yanayi, romantic hadari, wanda wai ya faru a kan Hauwa'u na yaƙi, an maye gurbinsu da wata hujja fall dare, wanda corresponded zuwa gaskiya. Yana ba kawai gaskiyar tsaftacewa, kamar wadannan da real shaida daga cikin balaga da m kyauta na Lermontov. Saboda haka, "Borodino" yana zama wani par da mafi girma Masterpieces na idon basira Lermontov ta "Alkawari," "Gida" da kuma "Valerik".

Canza Genre

Lermontov ta waqe a kan taken "Gida" Ya halin canza da kuma ta salo. Didactics jãyayya farkon "Borodino Field" an ƙwace halitta, m didactics ganganci sauki da kuma bayyana labari. A samfurin na "Borodino" shi ne wani sabon abu. Ã'a, shĩ ne a didactic labari, a cikin abin da scene na yaƙi juya a cikin gardama ce kawai a wani inert, kasãla, apathetic, bisa ga mawãƙi ne, da gaske. Belinsky bi "Borodino" kamar yadda a kan biyuntakar na aikin a cikin abin da foreground - labarin wani tsohon jarumi, mai idon basira portrayal na al'amuran yaƙi, ta view, yayin da na biyu - dacin abin zargi, contrasting da da yanzu, da tofin ne ko da karfi tasiri a cikin waka: "Duma".

Subject mahaifarsa a Lermontov ne inextricably nasaba da manufar al'umma da kuma mutanen da. Belinsky lura da cewa Lermontov da aka cika da ruhun kabila, garwaya da shi. Lura sake cewa mawãƙi yi aiki a cikin tsawon stagnation. A lokacin wadanda shekaru kiwata tambaya na kara ci gaban jihar da ta nan gaba. Mikhail Yurevich m ji tashi sosai farkon da baya ya zama mafi muhimmanci. Duk da yake har yanzu a yaro na goma sha biyar, MY Lermontov, Gida theme wanda gudanar ta hanyar dukan aikin, rubuta: "Ina son gida da kuma mafi yawa" (da waka, "Na ga inuwa ni'ima ...").

A sabon lyrical gwarzo

Bayan 1837, muhimmanci canza lyrical gwarzo: sai ya fara jin daidai da sauran mutane, daga shaidanci. Fassara kansa a matsayin wanda aka azabtar da lokaci, ya nemi wakilin. Akwai sha'awa cikin rayuwa da kuma sauran mutane, har ma na ruhaniya, ciki tarayya da su, wani lokacin jũya a cikin wani canji a cikin wani soja ko fursuna ( "Makwabcin", "makwabta", "The fursuna," "kãmamme Knight"). A wannan kimantawa da gwarzo na sabuwar dama. Ya karfi ji cewa aikin banza ne individualism, da undecidability na ciki saba wa juna, ya yi aiki ga samun goyon bayan su akida. Sãbuwa farawa zuwa sauti da kuma jigo na motherland a cikin ayyukan Lermontov.

The m image na motherland

A mawãƙi, kasancewa romantic, kuma Ya halitta, wata alama jimlace image na kasar su. Lermontov ta waqe a kan taken "Gida" labarun da shi a matsayin wani manufa. Mikhail Lermontov, wanda mahaifarsa ya nufi mai yawa zuwa raina mutane suka ba su da shi, free daga wahala da kuma bege. Ya kwantanta su da girgije (da waka "Clouds", 1840), ko da yaushe sanyi da kuma sako-sako da, sunã gaggãwa kudu daga gundura bakarãriya gonaki.