Su wane ne Janissaries? Da ma'anar "Janissaries"

A tarihi bayanin kula, ta kwatanta Ottoman Empire, sau da yawa ake magana a kai "da sojojin a cikin sojojin" - musamman sojojin, rahoton kai tsaye zuwa ga Sultan. Su wane ne Janissaries, kamar yadda dakarun kafa view, za ka iya ganin daga wannan labarin.

Patrimony

Janissaries sani tun tsakiyar karni na 14th, a lokacin da ikon da Sultan Murad na raka'a na Turkish Elite dakaru da aka shirya. Da ma'anar "Janissaries" - "sabon sojojin" (in Turkish). Da farko, da darajõji aka kafa daga fursunonin Kirista matasa da samari. Duk da tsananin da kuma wani lokacin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Turkish ilimi, nan gaba sojojin bar Kirista sunayen. Janissaries aka girma dabam daga sauran yara, instilling fadan basira da kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi biyayya ga Sultan. A 16th karni iya zama janissaries da kuma matasa daga Turkish asalin. Na nema zaba cikin karfi, toughest kuma agile matasa daga 8 zuwa 12 shekaru. Zabi ya zauna a bariki, su horo da aka gudanar a musamman matsananci yanayin. Sojoji suka rabu da kamfanoni, cin abinci daga kowa wiwi da kuma kira abokai na Order of Dervishes. Kuwa an hana su su yi aure, su iyali shi a 'yan qasar kamfanin (naúrar vector), wanda aka dauke wata alama ce da tukunyar jirgi.

Game wanda da Janissaries, da sanannun tarihi ce daga cikin karni na 19th, TN Granovsky. A cikin ayyukansu, shi an ambaci cewa Turkish sultan ya fi tasiri dakaru a duniya, amma na shi ya quite m, "Janissaries lashe dukan manyan yaƙi a Varna, yayin da Kosovo ..." Shi ne godiya ga ƙarfin hali da kuma mazakuta aka dauka zuwa Konstantinoful. Saboda haka, Turkish m nasara sabon yankuna da su, na ƙarfafa ikon godiya ga sojojin da suka yi Kirista asalin.

Mafi na Best

Janissaries aka sanya da dama gata. Farko a cikin 16th karni, suna da hakkin su fara wani iyali, tafiyar da daban-daban crafts da cinikayya a cikin wadanda ba soja lokaci. Musamman rarrabe warriors aka bayar da kaina da Sultan. Daga cikin kyautai sun kayan ado, da makamai, da kuma m albashi. Janissary shugabannin baki kuma domin da yawa shekaru shagaltar da mafi soja da farar hula matsayi na Turkish Empire. Ocak Janissary ƙungiyoyin sojoji, located ba kawai a Istanbul amma kuma a duk manyan biranen Turkish jihar. By tsakiyar 16th karni, Janissaries daina karbar cikin da darajõji bare. Su suna gadonta. A Janissary Guard zama rufaffiyar zamantakewa da siyasa caste. Wannan ciki, m isa ƙarfi ya tafiyar da harkokin siyasa da rikici, da gina, da kuma overthrows da sultans da kuma taka leda a babbar rawar a ciki siyasa na kasar.

A siffar da Janissaries

Game wanda da Janissaries, da kuma abin da yake da wurin a tsakanin sauran Turkish sojojin, evidenced da high huluna, ado da manyan tagulla shin gaban - ketch. A kowane gefen wani hula sewn katako, da sandunansu, wanda ya ba ta wani m gabãtarwar. Bayan wannan headdress zane rataye dogon Shlyk, kai jirgin saman soja bel. Long hannun riga Shlyk nuna alamar shugaba dervish, a karkashin albarkar wanda su ne Janissaries. Launi hula yayi daidai da launi gashi (Zupan), wanda ya sa jarumi.

Outerwear janissary kunshi dogon dumi gashi, kira Kerey. Da farko saita launi Kurei ya ba, amma ta farkon 18th karni kabido janissary a mafi yawan lokuta yana da wani ja launi. Karkashin Kerey ya aka sa a kan wani zane gashi, yawanci fararen, tare da dogon, m hannayen riga. A tarnaƙi Zupan da dogon slits cewa yarda da Janissaries don matsar da yardar kaina a cikin yaƙi. Kuma a kasa na tufar da aka ado da igiyoyi cewa suna da wannan launi matsayin Kerey. Caftan ado sash for saber da fadi da bel na fata.

A launi ya Kurei da wando - tsawo da fadi. Yawancin lokaci da suka rufe sama na taya har zuwa rabin.

Mutane da yawa abubuwa na Turkish soja tufafi soma da Cossacks. Wadannan da misali na Janissaries a cikin kayayyaki bayyana haske zhupans fara da wando. The kama aka bayyana a cikin bayyanar. Cossacks da Janissaries bai sa gyammansu, amma mustaches girma dogon. Yana da wuya a ce yadda wannan ya faru wajen samo, amma gaskiyar cewa shi ya faru - ba za a iya tambayar su.

Jami'an Janissaries

Jami'an sa kusan guda siffar kamar yadda sauran Janissaries. Maimakon hula tare da Shlyk suka sa high, a saman wanda aka daura a rawani, yawanci fararen a launi. Wani lokaci hat rauni bel, a makeshift rawani qawata gaban ne yawanci a jauhari - zobe ko kayan ado da dutse. Maimakon fata bel jami'an sa ado kyalle da bel ko gyale arziki Persian.

makamai Janissaries

Da farko, da naúrar vectors na Janissaries sun maharba, don haka na farko makami na Turkish masu gadi sun albasarta. Ba kamar makaman talakawa sojoji, da albasarta janissary ya wuya, tare da wata babbar kewayon wuta. A hankali maye gurbin bakuna gun. By tsakiyar 15th karni a arsenal na janissaries su ne wuƙa, scimitar, da kuma gatari. Da hujjar cewa saber janissary da kuma yadda ta kasance mai karaya makami, za a iya hukunta ta kiyaye gidan kayan gargajiya guda.

Scimitar ya dogon (70 cm) ruwa, lankwasa a cikin nau'i na sa ƙahoni. Ba kamar saber ruwa scimitar ya ba da matsanancin da kuma na ciki gefen. Rike shi ya ɗauki siffar da tibia. A makami da aka haka muni da cewa da hakkin ya sa a scimitar da kawai Janissaries. Haka kuma, a cikin 17th karni da aka hana in je bayan da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa da wuka. Scimitar, kamar sauran makamai, ya premium ko kama. Idan a farkon yakin jirgin saman soja orts ba sirri makamai, bayar da kwamandojin.

Janissaries Slavs

Game da wanda Baturke Janissaries, da kuma tasiri na sojoji da aka yadu da aka sani. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa irin wannan raka'a yi kokarin haifar da wasu jihohi. Duk da haka, a duk amma bayyanar da dalili, da janissaries a cikin rundunar sojojin Commonwealth markedly daban-daban da su daga Turkish namesakes.

A farkon 18th karni, kafin ƙarshen Arewa War, da soja da aka sauya a sakamakon tattaunawar tsakanin 'yan adawa da kuma magnates sarki Augustus II. Wucin gadi da sojoji ba hanya zuwa ɓangare na yau da kullum da sojojin, hada da dakaru wanda ya biyu Janissary kamfanin (Banners). Suka buga da rawar da Guard - kunshi hetman da kuma amfani da su domin mutum umarni da kuma yadda sirri kariya.

soja makada

Banners kuma suna da nasu makada da su music. Wadannan makada da aka kira Janissary chapels. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin wannan ɗakin sujada wani drum - biyu sau fiye da a wasu orchestras dakaru regiments. A ɗakin sujada ya samu halartar shida kida da more, in ba haka ba ya kira Surmach. Sahaban bayyana Ottoman soja band a matsayin "dabbanci" da "m."

A ƙarshen Janissaries

Belarushiyanci Janissaries zai gushe bayan shan kashi Stanislas Radziwill. Bayan jerin soja setbacks, ya jũya bãya kasashen waje. Kuma da zaman sojojin da aka wargaza rundunar, shi ma aka yi ta sallami kuma Janissary detachment.

More ban tausayi rabo jiran su Turkish takwarorinsu. A Ottoman Empire, kowa da kowa ya san wanda da Janissaries. A bambanci ga Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, wadannan sojoji ba na sirri matsara na Sultan, kuma ya wanzu a matsayin rufaffiyar soja caste, har 1826. Sai Turkish Sultan Mahmud II ya bayar da umurnin hallaka Janissaries. Tun a bude yaƙi da rashin daidaito lashe gogaggen warriors kasance marar ƙarfi, da Sultan ya tafi zuwa ga abin zamba. Fiye da dubu 30. Man makale a Hippodrome, da kuma harbe-harbe daga igwa grapeshot. Kamar wancan ƙare zamanin da Janissaries, da kuma tafi domin su Martial art.