Stanislav Shushkevich - mai nasara masanin kimiyyar siyasa da kuma

Stanislav Shushkevich (15 Disamba 1934) ne a Belarushiyanci masanin kimiyya da siyasa. Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1994 ya kasance shugaban Majalisar Koli na Jamhuriyar Belarus. An mafi kyau da aka sani da wakilin Belarus, sa hannu da Bialowieza yarjejeniyar kafa CIS.

Origin da shekaru na bincike

Inda ya fara rayuwa ta tafiya Shushkevich Stanislav Stanislavovich? Tarihinsa ya fara a Minsk da Belarushiyanci-Polish iyali. Uwarsa Helena Razumovsky wani fassara da kuma marubuci, aka buga a Polish jaridu, fitowa a 20-30-ies a Belarus, mahaifinsa - Belarushiyanci mawãƙi kuma marubuci. Shekaru uku bayan haihuwar dansa, ya aka kama shi kuma bauta lokaci a cikin Kuzbass mahakar, aka saki kawai a shekarar 1946. Dawo gida, sai ya fara koyarwa a yankunan karkara makaranta. Amma bisa ga qin jini ayyuka na Stalinist tsare ya aka sake kama shi a shekarar 1949, ya tura su cikin Krasnoyarsk Abuja. A karshe ya koma zuwa Belarus a 1956.

Yana da ban mamaki, amma stigma na "maƙiyi daga cikin mutane ta dan," wanda washe (ko da karya), da rayuwar mutane da yawa takwarorina Stanislav Shushkevich, a fili, yana da wani tasiri a kan rekõdinsa. A shekarar 1951 ya sauke karatu daga makaranta a wannan shekara samu babbar kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi a Belarushiyanci State University (BSU), shekarar yafewa ƙare mahaifinsa, da kuma nan da nan ya zama wani digiri na biyu dalibi a Cibiyar Physics, Academy of Sciences na Byelorussian SSR.

Early aiki a cikin Soviet lokaci

Ba dogon bayan aiki "meneesom" a naka institute, Stanislav Shushkevich ke CSC m injiniya na Minsk Radio Works. Duk da yake da ma'aikata tsunduma a cikin ci gaba da kuma masana'antu na na'urorin ga jiki bincike. Tun wannan lokacin ne alaka mai ban sha'awa episode, wanda readily ta tuna da kansa Stanislav Shushkevich. Biography kawo shi a takaice akwai wanda kuma, amma tare da nan gaba na aikin kisa na Amurka shugaba Kennedy Lee Harvi Osvaldom.

Ganin cewa ya zo a cikin shekara ta 1959 a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a kan wani yawon shakatawa visa da kuma fada ya so ya kasance a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Bayan ya ƙi fãsi? Ta yi kokarin kashe kansa. Ya tafi ya sadu da kuma sanin da wurin zama Minsk da kuma aika zuwa aiki a cikin rediyo factory. Shushkevich kazalika yi magana Turanci, a cajin da ake rubutu da American, Rasha harshe. A cikin memoirs, dokokin Oswald bai yi wani gagarumin bugu, duba kasãla, kuma sha'aninsu dabam, da kuma makaniki ya mediocre. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana shi samun a Minsk matasa matarsa, da wanda ya zarar koma baya ga Amurka.

Kimiyya aiki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

A shekarar 1961, Stanislav Shushkevich koma ga Belarushiyanci State University, inda na tsawon shekaru shida wuce daga m m ga shugaban sashen na kimiyya dakin gwaje-gwaje. A 1967 aka nada mataimakin-rector for kimiyya aiki na Minsk Radio Engineering Cibiyar. Bisa ga memoirs na Shushkevich, a lokacin da sabon alƙawari, ya kasance maras partisan. Wannan halin da ake ciki shi ne da wuya sosai a gare shi ya yi aiki a sabon wuri, tun da dukan muhimmanci yanke shawara riƙi a institute jam'iyyar kwamitin ba tare da ya hallara. Juya zuwa ga City Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, Shushkevich nema su sami wani bayani da matsala. A sakamakon haka, shi nan da nan ya dauki Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a ci gaba da aiki ba tare da matsaloli.

Tun da 1967, na tsawon shekaru biyu ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Kimiyya da mataimakin-Rector.

A shekarar 1969, Stanislav Shushkevich koma zuwa jihar jami'a, inda na 7 shekaru matsayin farfesa kuma shugaban sashen na nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi. Tun shekara ta 1986, ya kasance mataimakin Rector na Jihar Jami'ar Kimiyya.

fara politkarery

Kamar kafin shi Shushkevich Stanislav Stanislavovich ya shahara Belarushiyanci masanin kimiyya, memba na wata cibiya, da Belarushiyanci Academy of Sciences, marubucin da dama monographs da kuma fiye da 150 articles da kuma 50 ƙirƙirãwa ya daban-daban a jihar awards.

A shekarar 1990 kuma an zabe shi da farko, mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Koli na Belarus. Bayan yunkurin juyin mulki a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a watan Agusta na shekarar 1991 ya bukaci a taron duniya na wani matsanancin zaman majalisar dokokin kasar, amma ya ƙi ta shugaban Nikolaya Dementeya.

Bayan nasara Borisa Eltsina a ranar 26 ga Agusta juyin mulki da kuma an zabe. game. Shugaban majalisar dokokin kasar, kuma a ranar 31 ga Agusta zama shugaban ta. A lokacin da ya, ya goyan bayan sake fasalin a cikin shugabanci na wani free kasuwar tattalin arzikin.

Bialowieza yarjejeniya

Bisa ga memoirs Shushkevich, ya zazvat Boris Yeltsin ta tsohon hutu cibiyar na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU a Bialowieza Forest a watan Disamba na shekarar 1991 ba tare da dalili ya karya up Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma a cikin wani ƙoƙari kafa wani tsarin ba na nan gaba na tattalin arziki da dangantakar dake tsakanin Belarus da kuma Rasha ba tare da sa hannu na tarayya hukumomi, wanda ake zaton Shushkevich a nan gaba kamar yadda na zalla na ado, da wani abu kamar wani sako-sako da tarayya. A ra'ayin gayyata zuwa wannan, da kuma Leonid Kravchuk tashi bayan da harmonization na Yeltsin ta isowa.

Kuma haka shi ya zo da gandun daji uku shugabannin Slavic jamhuriyoyin sanaki da fraternal al'ummai waɗanda, da na kowa tushen. A cewar Shushkevich, yarjejeniyoyi kan kafa huldar cinikaiya tsakanin uku jamhuriyoyin da aka samu, amma gefen da aka tambaya game da ko kana bukatar ka nemi yarjejeniya da Tarayyar Soviet shugaba Gorbachev. All uku daga gare su sosai ba ya so ya yi haka, amma da tayin ne bude to bari ba wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin jam'iyya alkwari. A cikin rawar da wani jawabi a furta banrazana magana ga dukan mu a kan amincewa da Tarayyar Soviet suka daina wanzuwa, ya sanya wani m Yeltsin Gennady Burbulis. Shushkevich ya ce a wancan lokacin ya kasance "wildly m Burbulis".

Disamba 8, Stanislav Shushkevich hannu tare da Borisom Eltsinym da Leonid Kravchuk, da daftarin aiki a kan wanda Tarayyar Soviet suka daina wanzuwa kuma aka canza kama zuwa Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

Karshen aiki

Bugu da ari, harkar siyasa na mu gwarzo ne sosai kama da hanyar Leonid Kravchuk. Kokarin yi m kasuwar sake fasalin qaddamar da girma da hauhawar farashin kaya, depreciation na monetary tanadi na Belarusians - duk wannan da shi da lafiya, comprador siyasa, wanda a shekara ta 1994 aka tilasta ƙi Shushkevich. Ya yi kokari a wannan shekara da za a yi wa rajista a tarihi a matsayin shugaban farko na Belarus (Stanislav Shushkevich), da shan kashi a zaben shugaban kasa, amma ya sha kawai 10% na kuri'un. Tsantseni Belarusians matsayin shugaban Alexander Lukashenko, a karkashin jagorancin wanda kasar tun 1995, yana da kawai wani girma GDP (kawai daya daga duk post-Soviet kasashen).

Tun daga nan, fiye da shekaru 20 Stanislav Shushkevich ne a 'yan adawa ga Belarushiyanci hukumomi. Yana bautarka wani musamman kasa, yayin da zanga-Western matsayi, kula da cewa marigayi 18th karni Belarus wani Rasha mallaka da kuma na yanzu domin a kasar su kwantanta zuwa "Na uku Reich".