Soft alkama: description, namo, amfani

Soft alkama iri kasance a cikin jinsunan shekara-shekara herbaceous shuke-shuke. Da aka fi ci karo da iyali hatsi da kuma mjatlikovyh. A farkon lokutta na taushi da alkama da aka samu dubban shekaru da suka wuce a kan ƙasa na yau Turkey. A cikin kwanaki na wannan hatsi mafi yawa yin burodi kayayyakin, ko da yake akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da wannan aikin gona da samfurin. A yanayi a wadda girma taushi alkama, ba su da babban bukatar a da sauyin yanayi, don haka shi ne quite na kowa a Rasha.

Description of shuka

Gyara alkama ne 100 cm, yayin da talakawan jeri na 60-80 cm. A farkon matakai na shuka aka gyara fallasa ko pubescent da culm ne m da kuma bakin ciki. Ganye isa 16 mm a fadin, a cikin ci gaban tsarin nemowa taurin. A gaskiya, kunnuwa na alkama m da sunan da - ta taushi irin zane ne daban-daban fragility, amma halin da elasticity. A mararraba daga cikin kunnuwa na biyu jere tare da cibiyar axis babu gashi daure.

A saman Inflorescence jinkiri daga m kunnuwa kaddarance -7 mm. A lokaci guda, da kunnuwa da kimanin daidai sigogi na tsawon da nisa. A Sikeli, wanda aka kewaye alkama kunnuwa ne a cikin tsari na 10 mm a tsawon, yayin da ciwon kaifi karshen a keel. Wannan shi ne wani gajeren hakori, wanda huskõki, a waje - wani irin m na'urar ga shuke-shuke.

Inda ake noma?

A cikin jerin daga cikin shahararrun amfanin gona da irin wannan riqe da rikodin ga yankin sun shagaltar da duniya. Irin wannan tsawo ya bayar da gudunmawar undemanding zuwa gona da yanayin damina a cikin abin da al'ada iya girma. Duk da haka, wasu iri har yanzu da wasu gazawa. Alal misali, lokacin rani alkama optimally tasowa a karkashin yanayi na 25 zuwa 40 °. Wannan ake kira alkama yankuna mamaye m yankunan da m sauyin yanayi.

Idan muka magana game da takamaiman yankunan, shi zai zama Turai da kuma Australia. A cikin hali na Turai yankuna iya magana game da girma a cikin steppe da gandun daji steppe zones. Australian manoma suna kuma shiryar da kungiyar na da gonakin alkama a kan steppe sarari. Yana wãtsa wannan al'ada a Arewa da Kudancin nahiyar Amirka, inda an horar da a cikin prairies da pampas. Kada watsi da shuka da kuma Rasha manoma. Wannan ne evidenced da amfanin ƙasa na alkama, wanda shi ne wani talakawan na 26-28 kg / ha ta kakar.

Babban rarrabuwa na taushi da alkama

Babban ingancin da alkama ne da ikon samar Alkama. Shi ne daga wannan dukiyar dogara ne a kan halaye na gidan burodi kayayyakin. Alkama bayan primary aiki ke tsirar taliya kayayyakin, hatsi da kuma sitaci. Don sanin suitability na amfanin gona domin daban-daban bukatun da aka gabatar na asali rarrabuwa na alkama dangane da furotin da abun ciki da kuma Alkama-free, kazalika da inganci. Daga hade da iri ingancin sandarsa, kazalika da gaban impurities taushi alkama ne zuwa kashi biyar Categories. Kamar wancan ne cikin sharuddan Alkama alkama har yanzu a cikin gubar ne m, amma ta namo ake bukata don cika da more stringent agro-yanayin damina, da kuma wannan iya ba a duk yankuna.

Quality rarrabuwa na gari

Kayyade gari ƙarfi dogara ne a kan biyu main Manuniya - enzyme aiki da kuma ingancin Alkama. Akwai uku azuzuwan, abin da ya bambanta a cikin sa na Manuniya daga cikin wadannan kaddarorin. A farko aji ne mai karfi da alkama, wanda aka halin high gina jiki da abun ciki, supple da kuma na roba Alkama, kazalika da tsanani vitreous. Na gari, samar a kan tushen da irin hatsi, wani porous da kuma girma hatsi. Kamar yadda alkama da wuya, irin wannan tsarin na gidan burodi kayayyakin iya inganta rauni hatsi. Na biyu kungiyar da aka wakilta talakawan ikon da hatsi, wanda kawai ba zai iya aiki a matsayin kwatanta da rauni alkama, amma suna da mafi kyau duka Properties domin samar da gidan burodi kayayyakin. The uku category - mai rauni alkama, tare da mafi ƙasƙanci yin burodi halaye. Daga shi sami wani karamin adadin hatsi niƙa kayayyakin, abin da ya bambanta a cikin m porosity. The rauni taushi alkama ne kullum gabatar da wani kadan adadin furotin da kuma Alkama. Wannan gari da ake amfani da yi na confectionery.

namo

A Rasha, an horar da kuma hunturu da kuma bazara alkama. A daidai wannan lokaci da rabo daga m alkama asusun for game da 95%. Game da 45% na wannan rabo ne hunturu alkama, wanda aka girma, yafi a kudancin da kuma tsakiyar yankunan. Irin wannan iri ci kyau domin su mallake jure sanyi. Sun iya yin tsayayya har zuwa -35 digiri. Duk da haka, snowless winters m ga irin alkama.

Ga dukan mai da muhimmanci haihuwa da kuma ƙasa danshi. Winter bukatar isasshen danshi a lokacin germination. Tare da fari, suka yi mafi alhẽri daga spring alkama. Kamar yadda wani ƙarin barbarar lemun tsami amfani - kamar yadda mai mulkin, wannan hanya na taki amfani a kasa tare da high acidity. Game da lokaci na shuka, da hunturu alkama a lokacin da farko na sanyi ya kamata da lokacin tillered - a kan shi, kuma Ya shiryar da gogaggen Agronomists. A fari yanayi ma aikata compacting. A cikin bazara da ƙasa yin urea da kuma ammonium nitrate, amma kawai idan ƙasar da aka tsautsayi a nitrogen.

Milling Properties na alkama

A tsari na nika bukatar musamman inji to connect ciyar a cikin shakka daga wani adadin na makamashi. Dangane da kokarin kashe da aka ƙaddara da darajar da hatsi gari. Its karshe dangane da dama halaye ne na al'adu, ciki har da nika, fineness, makamashi amfani, da sauransu. D. Har ila yau ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi kuma kai tsaye ba halaye, kamar uniformity, yanayi da kuma ash. Natura - wani gwargwado na da taro na hatsi girma, wanda za a iya bayyana, a lita. The karami wannan darajar ne, ƙananan da adadin gari. Haka kuma an halin da taushi alkama masu hada kai, wanda da gaske yana nufin da sigogi na hatsi. Average hatsi size na yau da kullum siffar inganta fi dacewa ingantaccen da milled.

Sinadirai Properties na hatsi

Hatsi kunnuwa dauke da yawa amfani abubuwa, ciki har da fats tare da sunadarai, carbohydrates da kuma ma'adanai. Musamman gina jiki Alkama abun ciki abin da ya bambanta da mafi muhimmanci da irin alkama. Wannan roba-kamar salla da aka samar daga finely ƙasa hatsi. Fasaha tsari ya shafi wanka da shi da ruwa, sa'an nan samar da wani babban taro na gina jiki aka gyara kamar yadda glutenin da gliadin. Bugu da kari, taushi da alkama a sarrafa form iya hada sitaci, cellulose da kitsen a kananan yawa. A rabo na gina jiki aka gyara lissafta ga 80% da kuma sitaci daukan up game da 20% na Alkama.

aikace-aikace

Mafi sau da yawa, wannan da ake amfani da matsayin alkama hatsi ga gidan burodi kayayyakin. Har ila yau daga cikin al'adun kayan malt, wanda aka sani a matsayin mai alkama giya. Ana amfani da byproducts - misali, bayan masussuka ne bran, cewa za a iya amfani da a ciyar da dabbobi. Aiwatar da taushi alkama iri, da kuma ga masana'antu masana'antu sitaci da Bioethanol. Duk da haka, wadannan masana'antu ne ba gaske cikin sharuddan da yin amfani da albarkatun alkama. A kalla, akwai mai yawa na hatsi da amfanin gona, wanda sun fi na kowa a yankunan masana'antu samar. Alkama ne har yanzu mayar da hankali a kan abinci kashi.

ƙarshe

Tartsatsi alkama da gudummawar da sauki ga agro-yanayin damina da kuma ganiya milling Properties for ana sarrafa su sami high quality-gasa kaya. A wannan batun, taushi da alkama ne mafi m albarkatun kasa ga masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. A halin yanzu noma ayyuka kawo wa fore kamar yadda spring iri mafi kyau ga namo a cikin yanayi na Rasha sauyin yanayi. Amma hunturu amfanin gona zauna a babba rabo daga cikin jimlar horar da yankin. Wannan alkama ne dace namo a kasa sharadi gwargwado, don haka aka yi amfani da ga mafi part a arewacin yankunan kasar.