Sodium fasali. sodium Formula

Sodium - daya daga cikin Alkali karafa. Table of sinadaran abubuwa nuna shi a matsayin zarra na zuwa na uku lokacin da farko kungiyar.

jiki Properties

A wannan sashe, sodium halayyar cikin sharuddan kimiyyar lissafi za a yi la'akari. Don fara da, a cikin tsarki tsari, da m azurfa da ciwon wani ƙarfe luster kuma a low taurin. Sodium ne don haka m cewa shi za a iya sauƙi yanka da wuka. Da narkewa batu na wannan abu ne quite low da saba'in da tara da digiri Celsius. A atomic nauyi na sodium, kuma kadan daga gare shi, za mu magana daga baya. The yawa na karfe daidai 0,97 g / cm ^3.

Chemical faye hali na sodium

Wannan kashi yana da matukar high aiki - shi ne iya sauri da kuma amsa violently tare da wasu abubuwa. Har ila yau, a tebur da sunadarai abubuwa domin sanin darajar kamar wani matauni taro - don sodium shi ne ashirin da uku. Daya mole - shi ne adadin abu wanda ya ƙunshi 6,02 x 10 23 atoms digiri (kwayoyin idan hadaddun abu). Sanin matauni taro na kashi, yana yiwuwa domin sanin nawa za ku auna nauyi takamaiman adadin moles veschetsva. Alal misali, biyu moles na sodium Tã arba'in da shida grams. Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, da aiki karfe - daya daga cikin mafi amsawa, shi yana nufin Alkali, bi da bi, shi zai iya samar da wani Alkali oxide (karfi tushe).

Kamar yadda oxides kafa

Duk abubuwa na wannan kungiya, ciki har da a cikin hali na sodium, za a iya samu ta hanyar konewa farawa. Saboda haka, akwai wani dauki da karfe tare da oxygen, wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar oxide. Alal misali, idan ƙona hudu moles na sodium da mole na oxygen ciyar da samu biyu moles na karfe oxide. Da dabara na sodium oxide - Na ₂ O. A Jadawalin da dauki kamar haka: 4Na + O ₂ = 2Na ₂ O. Idan abu kara da sakamakon ruwa kafa ta Alkali - NaOH.

Shan daya mole na oxide da ruwa, mun samu biyu mol na wani tushe. Ga dauki lissafi: Na ₂ Ya + H ₂ Ya = 2NaOH. A sakamakon abu ne ma ya kira caustic soda. Wannan shi ne saboda ta furta alkaline Properties kuma high sinadaran aktivnotyu. Kamar yadda karfi acid, caustic soda reacts tare da wani m karfe salts, Organic mahadi, da dai sauransu. A lokacin da hulda da salts musayar dauki auku - .. Wani sabon gishiri da aka kafa da kuma sabon tushe. sodium hydroxide bayani iya halakar da masana'anta, takarda, fata, da kusoshi, don haka shi yana bukatar kiyaye aminci dokoki yayin da aiki tare da shi. M sodium hydroxide a cikin sinadaran masana'antu a matsayin mai kara kuzari, kazalika da a rayuwar yau da kullum a matsayin hanyar warware matsalar da gidan ya toshe shambura.

Halayen da halogens

Shi ne mai sauki al'amarin, kunsha da sinadaran abubuwa da suke da dangantaka da bakwai kungiyar na lokaci-lokaci tsarin. A cikin jerin hada fluoro, iodo, chloro, bromo. Sodium iya amsa tare da dukkan su, kafa irin wannan mahadi a matsayin chloride / bromide / iodide / sodium fluoride. Domin dauke da fitar da dauki bukatar daukar biyu moles na karfe, ya kara da saurãrẽ daya mole na fluoride. A sakamakon haka ne sodium fluoride a wani adadin na biyu moles. Wannan tsari za a iya rubuta a matsayin lissafi: Na + F ₂ = 2NaF. Sodium fluoride, wanda muka yi amfani da a samar da man goge baki da hakorin lalata, kazalika da ƙuna don wani iri-iri saman. Hakazalika, a lokacin da ƙara chlorine samuwa sodium chloride (kitchen gishiri), sodium iodide, wanda aka yi amfani da sarrafa daga karfe halide fitilu, sodium bromide, amfani da wani medicament for neuroses, rashin barci, ciwon iska da kuma sauran cuta na juyayi tsarin.

Tare da sauran sauki abubuwa

Har ila yau, akwai masu sodium dauki tare da phosphorus, Sulfur (sulfur), carbon (carbon). Wannan irin sinadaran halayen za a iya za'ayi kawai a yanayin saukan musamman tsari a cikin nau'i na zafi. Saboda haka, akwai wani Bugu da kari dauki. Yana za a iya amfani da su samu irin wannan abubuwa a matsayin sodium phosphide, sodium sulfide, sodium carbide.

A matsayin misali, abin da aka makala na karfe kwayoyin halitta da phosphorus kwayoyin halitta. Idan muka dauki uku moles na karfe da kuma daya mole na biyu bangaren, sa'an nan zafi su, mu samu daya mole na sodium phosphide. Wannan dauki za a iya rubuta kamar yadda wadannan lissafi: 3Na + = Na ₃ P P. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sodium iya amsa tare da nitrogen da hydrogen. A cikin farko idan, a nitride wannan karfe, a karo na biyu - hydride. Kamar yadda misalai na sinadaran halayen irin wannan lissafi: 6Na + N2 = 2Na ₃ N; 2Na + H2 = 2NaH. Domin dauke da fitar da farko hulda bukatar lantarki sallama, na biyu - high zazzabi.

Halayen da acid

A sauki abubuwa Chemical sodium halayyar iyakar. Wannan ƙarfe ma reacts tare da duk acid. A sakamakon wannan guba interactions kafa sodium gishiri da kuma hydrogen. Alal misali, kitchen gishiri da aka kafa da kuma hydrogen, wanda evaporates a dauki na karfe tare da hydrochloric acid. Don bayyana wannan dauki da yin amfani da dauki lissafi: Na + HCI = NaCl + H _2. Wannan irin hulda da aka kira wani sinadaran canzawa dauki. Tare da ta gudanar iya zama salts kamar phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite, sodium carbonate.

Hulda da salts

Sodium reacts tare da salts da karafa, wanin potassium da alli (da suka yi mafi girma reactivity fiye da kashi karkashin shawara). A wannan yanayin, kamar yadda a baya, da canzawa dauki faruwa. Sunadaran da karfe kwayoyin halitta suke a wuri mafi chemically rauni karfe. Saboda haka, ta hanyar hadawa biyu moles na sodium da kuma daya mole na magnesium nitrate samu sodium nitrate a cikin wani adadin biyu moles, kuma tsarki magnesium - daya mol. Record da dauki lissafi iya zama haka: 2Na + MG (NO _{3) 2} = 2NaNO ₃ + MG. A wannan manufa za a iya samu kuma da yawa wasu sodium salts. Har ila yau, wannan hanya za a iya samu daga karfe salts daga gare ta.

Abin da ya faru idan kana ƙara ruwa zuwa sodium

Wannan shi ne watakila daya daga cikin na kowa abubuwa a duniya. Kuma ma dauke da wani ƙarfe iya chemically amsa tare da shi. Wannan siffofin riga tattauna a sama caustic soda ko sodium hydroxide.

Don gudanar da irin wannan dauki za bukatar daukar biyu moles na sodium, ƙara ruwa, kuma, a cikin wani adadin biyu moles, kuma a sakamakon da muka samu biyu moles na hydroxide da mole na hydrogen wanda aka ware a matsayin gas tare da pungent wari.

Sodium da kuma tasirinta a kan kwayoyin

Bayan dauke da aiki karfe daga sinadaran ra'ayi, za mu ci gaba da abin da sodium wannan nazarin halittu halaye. Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci alama abubuwa. Da farko, shi ne daya daga cikin aka gyara na dabba cell. A nan, shi aikin da muhimmanci ayyuka: tare da potassium kula membrane m, da hannu a cikin samuwar kuma yaduwa daga cikin jijiya turu a tsakanin sel ne dole kashi for osmotic sunadarai matakai (wanda bukatar, misali, aiki koda Kwayoyin). Bugu da kari, sodium ne ke da alhakin ruwa-gishiri ma'auni na Kwayoyin. Har ila yau, ba tare da wannan sinadari ba zai iya zama kai na jini glucose, don haka wajibi ne ga aiki na kwakwalwa. Amma duk da haka wannan karfe an da hannu a aiwatar da ƙanƙancewa na tsokoki.

Wannan alama ma'adinai da ake bukata ba kawai ga dabbobi - sodium a cikin jiki shuka ma aikin da muhimmanci ayyuka: shi ke taka rawa a cikin tsari na photosynthesis, taimaka wa safarar carbohydrates, kazalika da zama dole ga nassi na Organic da inorganic abubuwa ta hanyar da membrane.

Rarar sodium da kuma rashin

By karin abun ciki na wani ba sinadari a jiki zai iya sa wuce kima amfani da gishiri na dogon lokaci. A bayyanar cututtuka na iya zama wani wuce haddi na sodium zazzabi, kumburi, irritability, illa koda aiki. A taron na wannan bayyanar cututtuka dole ne a cire daga cikin abinci da tebur gishiri da kuma abinci da yawa na karfe (jerin za a nuna a kasa), sa'an nan kanemi shawara nan da nan. A rage sodium abun ciki a cikin jiki ma take kaiwa zuwa m bayyanar cututtuka da kuma cuta na gabobin. Leach aiki sinadari iya kullum gwamnati na diuretics ko lokacin amfani da abin sha kawai tsarkake (distilled) ruwa a sweating da dehydration. Alamun rashin sodium suna jin ƙishirwa, bushe fata da kuma mucous membranes, tashin zuciya da kuma amai da matalauta ci, illa sani da lethargy, tachycardia, cikakken lõkacin fatara daga koda aiki.

Products wanda mai yawa na sodium

Domin kauce wa ma high ko ma low a cikin jiki dauke da wani sinadari, shi wajibi ne su san abin da abinci shi ya fi. Da farko, wannan shi ne tebur gishiri ake magana a kai a sama. Ya qunshi arba'in bisa dari na sodium. Yana kuma iya zama teku gishiri. Bugu da kari, da karfe kunshe ne a cikin waken soya da kuma soya miya. A babban adadin sodium lura a cin abincin teku. Wannan tsiren ruwan teku, mafi jinsunan kifaye, jatan lande, dorinar ruwa, kaguwa nama, qwai, da sauran cancers. A sodium abun ciki a cikin su saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan kwayoyin da ake samu a wani gishiri matsakaici tare da babban taro na salts na daban-daban karafa da suke da muhimmanci ga al'ada aiki na jiki.

A amfani da wannan karfe, kuma wasu da mahadi

A amfani da sodium a cikin masana'antu ne sosai m. Da farko, da abu yi amfani da sinadaran masana'antu. Ga shi wajibi ne, don samar da abubuwa irin su hydroxide na karfe, ta fluoride, sulfates da nitrates. Bugu da kari, shi ne amfani da wani karfi rage wakili - domin kadaici da m karafa daga salts. Akwai na musamman fasaha sodium don amfani a irin wannan aikace-aikace. Da kaddarorin ake gyarawa a Gost 3273-75. A dangane da muka ambata a sama karfi rage Properties na sodium shi ne yadu amfani a metallurgy.

Har ila yau, wannan sinadari ya gano da aikace-aikace a famatsevticheskoy masana'antu inda shi ne mafi sau da yawa zama dole a samu ta bromide, wanda shi ne babban sinadarin da yawa sedatives da antidepressants. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sodium za a iya amfani da a yi na HID fitilu - wadannan ne mai haske rawaya haske kafofin. Irin wannan sinadaran fili kamar sodium chlorate (NaClO _3), Ya halaka matasa shuke-shuke, don haka shi da ake amfani da kau daga gare ta daga reluwe waƙoƙi don hana karshen overgrowth. Sodium cyanide ne yadu amfani a cikin masana'antu da samun zinariya. Tare da shi, da karfe da aka samu daga kankara.

Kamar yadda shirya sodium

Mafi na kowa Hanyar ne da dauki na karfe carbonate da carbon. Domin wannan shi ne zama dole don zafi wadannan biyu kayan zuwa da zazzabi na game da dubu digiri Celsius. A sakamakon haka, wannan na samar biyu sinadaran mahadi kamar sodium da kuma chadny gas. A dauki na daya mole na sodium carbonate da biyu moles na carbon samu biyu moles na so karfe da uku moles na carbon monoxide. Wadannan dauki lissafi za a iya rubuta kamar haka: NaCO ₃ + 2C = 2Na + 3SO. Hakazalika, aiki sinadari kuma za a iya samu daga wasu mahadi.

ingantaccen halayen

A gaban sodium +, kazalika da wani cations ko anions za a iya ƙaddara ta wajen musamman sinadaran jan. Ingantaccen martani ga sodium ion aka kona - idan akwai gaban ta harshen wuta ne a canza launin a cikin rawaya.

Inda za ka iya saduwa da rahoton sinadari a yanayin

Na farko, kamar yadda aka ce, shi ne daya daga cikin aka gyara na biyu dabba da shuka Kwayoyin. Har ila yau ta high yawa a seawater. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sodium ne kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na wasu ma'adanai. Wannan, misali, sylvinite, dabara - NaCl • KCl, kazalika da carnallite, wanda dabara KCl • MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O. A farko daga cikin wadannan yana da wani inhomogeneous tsarin da alternating canza launin sassa, orange iya faruwa a cikin launi, ruwan hoda, blue , ja. Wannan ma'adinai ne gaba daya mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Carnallite, dangane da wurin samuwar impurities da kuma na iya samun daban-daban canza launi. Yana iya zama ja, rawaya, fari, haske blue, kuma m. Ya na da rage luster, hasken haskoki ake refracted a shi karfi. Wadannan biyu ma'adanai ake amfani da albarkatun kasa domin samar da karafa, wanda suke kunshe a abun da ke ciki: sodium, potassium, magnesium.

Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa karfe, wanda muka duba a cikin wannan labarin, shi ne daya daga cikin na kowa a cikin yanayi kamar yadda wani taro sulusi da murabba'i a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi ne biyu da rabi cikin dari.