Kwarangwal Kwanyar: tsarin fasali da kuma hoto

Kunkuru ne dabbobi masu rarrafe, waxanda suke da daraja daga sauran vertabrate, musamman tsarin kwarangwal. An yi imani da cewa wadannan na musamman dabbobi rayu wani 220 da miliyan da suka wuce, yin su a cikin mutãnen tsofaffin masu rarrafe, girmi kadangaru, macizai ko crocodiles. Kimiyyar zamani sani 327 jinsunan kunkuru, da kuma da yawa daga cikinsu suna barazana tare da nau'i nau'i.

Kwarangwal kunkuru: tsarin fasali

Kunkuru kwarangwal yana rarrabe siffofin a kwatanta da wani vertabrate, a cikin abin da ruwan wukake suna located waje daga cikin kirji na mutum, babban Cats, giwaye, awaki da birai. Armoured kunkuru kwarangwal ne wani ɓangare na kashi tsarin. Wannan yana nufin cewa m harsashi - shi ne da wani abu fiye da kawai wani m sutura. Yana da wani ɓangare na dabba ta jiki. Lokacin farko ta samar da tsarin kwanyarsu kwarangwal, da ruwa gefuna sun zama wani ɓangare na girma harsashi. A kwarangwal aka hada da ƙasũsuwa da, guringuntsi.

Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne zuwa kashi 3 main sassa:

• kwanyar (zagayayyen kwanya, muƙamuƙi na'ura da kuma sublingual).
• axial kwarangwal kunkuru, ciki ko waje (harsashi, vertebrae, haƙarƙari, kuma hakarkarinsa Kalam).
• appendicular kwarangwal (wata gabar jiki, kirji da pelvic tsarin).

Kwarangwal kunkuru: kashin baya

Kwarangwal kunkuru ƙasar hada da kashin tare da mahaifa, thoracic, lumbar, sacral da caudal yankin. Yana wakilta a matsayin mahaifa vertebrae 8, cikinsa da farko 2 ne sosai mobile. Bi ta 10 akwati vertebrae, Fused da testaceous arcs. A cikin yankin na sacrum positioned lebur kaikaice growths, to wanda aka a haɗe da pelvic kashi. Mutane da yawa daga cikin vertebrae a cikin wutsiya akwai yawanci ba fiye da 33. Wannan sashen ne halin high motsi.

Kwarangwal na kunkuru, photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, ya hada da kusan gaba ɗaya ossified kwanyar, kunsha na cerebral da visceral daki. A hakora ne ba ya nan kamar yadda irin wannan, ana shirya a su wuri Kakakin faranti kafa kama baki. A musamman alama na kunkuru kwarangwal fiye da sauran vertabrate ne cewa hakarkarinsa biya diyya extremities.

The musamman da suka bambanta da tsarin teku kunkuru

tẽku kunkuru haltta ne na musamman a cikin wancan shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan halittun da suke da biyu an ciki da kuma na waje kwarangwal. Duk jinsuna fãce leatherback, da m frame samar da kariya da kuma goyon baya ga kayan ciki. Ya ƙunshi wani harsashi na kashi, wanda, bi da bi, ne zuwa kashi biyu halves: ƙananan kuma babba sulke plastron. Don ciki kwarangwal a haɗe tsokoki. Kamar yadda da ƙasa, teku kunkuru kashin baya Fused da carapace.

Long yatsunsu a cikin wata gabar jiki samar da ƙege, wanda ake amfani da motsi a cikin ruwa. Suna kuma amfani da mãtã to haƙa ramummuka ga qwai a lokacin nesting lokaci. A bakin teku kunkuru ba su da hakora. Maimakon haka, suna da kaifi baki, tare da abin da kuke iya karya up da abinci. Leathery bakinka ƙunshi yawan undeveloped spines.

Ba duk kunkuru da wuya harsashi

A leathery kunkuru kashin baya ba Fused tare da harsashi da kuma harsashi yana da wani kashi, amma maimakon an rufe m dabaran da kuma goyan bayan da wani tsarin na kankanin ƙasũsuwa. Wadannan gyare-gyare da damar da kunkuru ya nutse har zuwa zurfin 1.5 km.

Ban sha'awa facts game da kunkuru

• Armoured kwarangwal kunkuru zahiri kunshi game da 50 daban-daban ƙasũsuwa. Azahiri yake kama daya m garkuwa, kuma ta ciki harsashi kunshi dama ƙasũsuwa da aka kafa ta fusing wata dabba hakarkarinsa, kuma vertebrae.
• Daga ciki da harsashi ne mafi kamar kirji cewa yana da wani kunkuru waje na jikinsa. Dangane da girman da dabba, kazalika da sauran sigogi iya bambanta. Alal misali, ja-kunkuru kwarangwal daban-daban reshe tsawon kuma caudal wutsiya a cikin maza ne ya fi tsayi, kuma thicker, da kuma harsashi ne guntu fiye da mace.

• Animal har abada ƙuƙuntacce zuwa gidansa. Shi ne ba jiki iya barin shi, ko kuma rasa kansa kashin baya da kuma kirji.
• Saboda da musamman mobile kuma m mahaifa vertebrae kunkuru iya cire ta kan daga cikin carapace, ko, conversely, to boye a lokacin da shi ake bukata domin kariya.
• Armoured kunkuru kwarangwal hada da wani musamman m hadin gwiwa, da abubuwa a matsayin hinjis da kuma damar duk ƙi cikin jiki.
• Kunkuru bawo ba makamai, ko da yake sun duba yadda wuya da kuma impenetrable garkuwoyi. Akwai gina-a jijiyoyi da jini, saboda haka cewa idan dabba ya ji rauni ta m harsashi, shi zai iya jinni da kuma jin zafi.
• A shekarar 1968, biyu Rasha tortoises kasance a sarari da kuma mayar da abinsa lafiya, amma kadan bata nauyi. A wannan hanya da suke nuna cewa duk wata halitta zai iya yin Lunar tafiya.
• Duk da innocuous bayyanar, za su iya zama m da yara. Dabbobi masu rarrafe wasu irin iya girma har zuwa 2.5 mita a tsawon, cikinsa da ku auna nauyi fiye da 100 kg da ciwon iko jaws sharply waɗansu gwalmõmin baki da kuma fika kai murdede wutsiya. An luring su ganima, wani lokacin da zai iya zama ko da wani kunkuru, motsi da harshensa, wanda ya dubi kamar tsutsa.
• An ban sha'awa siffa daga waɗannan dabbobi ne ma da cewa a cikin rashi na vocal guitar su iya har yanzu samar da sautuna. Mafi yawan su yi tsaki, ko da yake za ka iya ji wani irin grunting da cackling. Kunkuru ya aikata, sharply jerking kansa a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa matse daga cikin huhu iska tsere tare da wasu sauti.

• Sun zama real sleuths idan m. Al'aurar mata a boye cikin dubura, a cikin kogo a kusa da wutsiya, wanda ake amfani da kiwo, da kuma ga defecation. Male saukin gane da wari mace pheromones secreted ciki da cloaca.
• Wani mai ban sha'awa al'amari game da katantanwa ta biyar aya. Sai dai itace cewa ta hanyar da shi ba za ka iya numfashi! A wasu jinsunan, da dubura da aka kewaye da wani bakin ciki membrane ta hanyar abin da gas musayar iya faruwa a lokacin wani nutse.
• Dama jinsunan kunkuru iya rayuwa fiye da shekara ɗari.
• Su ba su da cewa jinkirin, kamar yadda da suka kasance sunã zaton. Su ne mafi yawa herbivores, don haka za su ba da kori your ci abinci. Bã su da wani mai kyau, m harsashi, don haka da cewa ba su yi gudu daga wani.