Social Democrat Agusta Bebel: biography, siffofi da ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Siyasa kuma marubuci Agusta Bebel aka haife Fabrairu 22, 1840 a Jamus birnin Cologne. Shi ɗan wata matalauta ba izini jami'in. Mahaifinsa ya rasu da tarin fuka lokacin da yaron ya sosai matasa. Widowed uwa koma tare da yaron a cikin Hessian garin Wetzlar. Akwai Agusta Bebel tafi makaranta.

samuwar

A shekaru 14, nan gaba Socialist fara nazarin lathe basira. Ya aiki rana dade 14 hours. A wani gajeren lokaci na free lokaci wani saurayi na karanta mai yawa, mamaye littafin bayan littafin. Ya fi so ayyuka ne litattafan "Robinson Crusoe" da "Uncle Tom ta gida." A karshe littafin da aka sadaukar domin matsalar bauta a Amurka. Saboda haka, ko wallafe-wallafen dandano qyama a fili ya nuna matasa Bebel zamantakewa rashin adalci.

Koyi, nan gaba marubuci ya zama mai yawa tafiya. Yawo jẽfa shi a cikin wani iri-iri na wurare, amma a karshen, ya zaunar da su a Leipzig. A lokacin tafiya Agusta Bebel ya tattaro kwarewa da cewa dimbin yawa da shi a matsayin wani mutum. Don aiki a matsayin tafiya journeyman, ya yi wani dogon lokaci na dauki na hukuma, wanda ya kafa a bayan da 1848 juyin juya halin.

A farkon zamantakewa

Kamar lokacin da Agusta Bebel aka zaune a Leipzig (1860), a cikin dukan na Jamus da aka gano a Tarurrukan na rayuwar siyasa. Kara a yawan buga da kuma zanga-zangar da aikin yi. damunsu shi ne cibiyar ba kawai a Leipzig amma kuma Berlin da kuma Elberfeld. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, kamar namomin kaza bayan ruwan sama ya fara bayyana ma'aikata 'yan kungiya. A 1861 Bebel Avgust shiga cikin sana'o'i Educational Society.

Kungiyar sanya shahara Turner. Ya ba kawai koyi abubuwa da yawa amma kuma ya zama na yau da kullum yi a cikin jama'a. Ba da da ewa Bebel aka hada a kamfanin ta management. Amma kishi bai ba shi ya zauna a cikin ilimi aiki. A 1866, Bebel, tare da Vilgelmom Libknehtom kafa Saxon jama'ar Party. A daidai wannan lokaci da siyasa ya zama shugaban majalisar aiki kwadago.

akida gurguzu

A cikin sabon matsayi Agusta Bebel tafi a kan rapprochement tare da farko International. Ya yanke shawara ya sa muhawarar a cikin jam'iyyar. A sakamakon haka, shi raba. A 1869, Bebel dauki kwalkwali na sabon Social Democratic-Labour Party, wadda ta zama kan gaba, na hagu-reshe ra'ayoyi a Jamus. Aiki da manufofin da aka musamman muhimmanci ga duk magoya bayansa da abokansu. Wannan ne evidenced akalla cewa Karl Marx dauke shi ya fi shahararren shugaban na Jamus Social Democracy.

Ko da a cikin 1867 zaben da Reichstag na Arewa Jamus Union, wanda Agusta Bebel an zabe. Biography siyasa misali ne na rayuwar mutum, har karshen fada domin su views. A tsakiyar yaki da France, Bebel ya ba da rashin tsoro magana a cikinsa ya bukaci yin zaman lafiya tare da Faransa, saboda hadin kai da ma'aikata na duk ƙasashe. Domin wannan magana da aka yi kokari don laifin cin amanar kasa. A Leipzig fitina Agusta Bebel Social Democrat da aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyu a gidan kaso.

tsananta

A cikin kurkuku, da yawa daga manufofin ilmantar da kanmu, saboda haka ko da kurkuku, ya ya iya ciyar da amfani. Ba da da ewa Bebel aka saki da kuma ci gaba don yin yaki domin hakkokin ma'aikata. A 1878 ya aka fitar daga Leipzig zama uwa. Dalilin da ikon danniya shi ne "Anti-Socialist Law." Wannan daftarin aiki, sa hannu da Kaiser Wilhelm I, dakatar leftist jam'iyyar ayyuka a waje majalisar.

Bebel fara rayuwa a Borsdorf. Ya ci gaba da tafiya cikin kasa, kuma za su gudanar da Semi-doka Jam'iyyar aiki, wanda ya sa aka sau biyu hukuncin short stints a kurkuku. Bazawa na 70s da 80s. nuna wanda da Agusta Bebel daga akida ra'ayi. Ya kasance mai nuna jin goyon bayan Karla Marksa da ra'ayoyi gabatar a "Capital". Bebel saɓa wa revisionism a nan Jamus gurguzanci, da nufin duba tushen da rukunan da hagu.

"Woman da gurguzanci"

Wurare da dama a Jagora da ambato Avgusta Bebelya zama da aka sani da ya wallafe. Babban kuma mafi daukan hankali aikin marubuci za a iya daukan littafin "Woman da gurguzanci," da aka buga a 1878. Wannan ɗaba'ar ne sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na aiki. Back a 1869 Bebel shi ne na farko majalisar dokokin kasar a cikin Reichstag tada fitowar ta shari'a kariya na mata aiki.

Author na proletarian gwagwarmaya a adawa ga bourgeois Feminism. A cewar Bebel, ya kasance ba su iya kawar da al'umma na tattalin arziki da dogaro da mata a kan maza, aiki mata bauta, karuwanci da kuma jima'i son zuciya.Magana na talakawa iyali. Babban manufar Socialists a cikin wadannan batutuwa da marubuci dauke da nasara da daidaita jinsi. A cikin littafin, marubucin, a daya hannun, ya bayyana cikin tarihin mata matsayi a cikin al'umma, da kuma a kan sauran - bayyana burin jama'ar da magoya bayan su a dangane da mata al'amurran da suka shafi. A littafin da aka buga kawai a kan wani shekara bayan "Anti-Socialist Law." Saboda haka, yana nan da nan bayan bayyanar ya zama janye da hukumomi. Duk da haka, daga wannan ɗaba'ar Bebel samo kawai girma a shahararsa.

antimilitarist

A 1889, aka kafa shi ta biyu International. The ayyuka na karshe shekaru ransa Bebel aka yafi hade da wannan kungiya. Yan Social-Democratic Movement a duk faɗin duniya amince da shi mafi muhimmanci ayyuka. Bebel, kiwon lafiya izni, ko da yaushe halarci Congress na kasa da kasa. Musamman jifar shi ne ya yi a shekara ta 1904 a majalisa a Amsterdam.

Kuma a cikin 1907, a Stuttgart Bebel sake, kamar yadda a da ƙaramin shekaru, mai tsanani soki magoya bayan sojojin kasar. A majalisa halarta da Rasha émigré Vladimir Lenin. The shugaban na Bolsheviks, kazalika da Roza Lyuksemburg da Menshevik Julius Martov sanya 'yan gyare-gyare ga Bebel ta ƙuduri, to wanda ya amince. A karshe version na daftarin aiki kira ga ma'aikata a hali na hatsarin yakin kare su ra'ayi a gaban nasu hukuma, ciki har da yin amfani da wadanda ba 'yan majalisun da hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya.

Mutuwa, kuma wasiyya

Bebel ya mutu a kan Agusta 13, 1913 a cikin Swiss birni Passugge. Bisa ga nufin na siyasa, aka binne shi a Zurich. A tafiyarsa ta makoki ba kawai a Jamus amma kuma a sauran kasashe a duniya. Rallies a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da gurguzu da aka gudanar a Rasha, Amurka, da kuma ko da Australia. Da take tsare da proletariat aka buga a duk aiki takardunku.

Game da Bebel yi magana da kwarjinin Lenin da sauran Bolsheviks. Sun yi kira ga ra'ayin da inevitability na gurguzu juyin juya halin. The siyasa ya yi ĩmãni m mataki da hukumomi na bukatar kawo karshen rayuwa na kasa yin imani da cewa hagu iya cimma bukatunsu da majalisar wajen. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Bebel yi gargadin cewa, hukumomin da farautar musamman aiki ajin da imperialist kashe, a lokacin da mataki na incandescence aji a Turai jama'a kai iyaka. Domin wannan dalili ko wata, amma yakin duniya na farko da gaske fara kawai a shekara bayan mutuwa daga cikin shahararrun gurguzu.