Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich: ɗan gajeren tarihin halitta, kerawa

Shvarts Evgeniy Lvovich - an yi fice a Rasha Soviet marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, bayar da labarun baka, marubuci kuma mawallafi, wanda Ya halitta 25 plays. Duk da haka, ba duka ayyukansa aka buga a lokacin rayuwarsa ba. Ya mallaki irin wannan wasan kwaikwayo kamar "Dragon", "Ma'ajizan Al'adu", "Shadow", da dai sauransu.

Gaskiya ta ba da kansa - wannan shine yadda Schwartz Eugene Lvovich ya yi aiki. Bayanan ɗan gajeren lokaci na yara zai zama mai ban sha'awa saboda, godiya ga rubutunsa, akwai alamun wasan kwaikwayo na cinima kamar "Cinderella", "Don Quixote", "Na farko Class" da sauransu. Ya yi saurin juya makomar sana'arsa daga lauya ga marubuci da kuma marubuta, kuma bai yi baƙin ciki ba har abada, amma fiye da haka a baya.

Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich: Tarihi

An haifi marubucin gaba a Kazan ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1896 a cikin iyalin Yahudawa Orthodox Lev Borisovich Schwartz da Maria Fyodorovna Shchelkova, dukansu ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ne. Lev Borisovich ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Kimiyya na Kazan, inda ya sadu da matarsa mai suna Maria Feodorovna, wanda ke halartar darussan bazara a lokacin. A 1895 sun yi aure. A wannan shekarar, Lev Borisovich ya zama Kirista Orthodox a cikin Ikilisiyar Kazan Mihailo-Arkhangelsk.

Ba da daɗewa suna da ɗan ƙaramin Schwarz Eugene Lvovich. Har ila yau labarin ya nuna cewa iyalinsa sun tashi ne daga Kazan zuwa Armavir.

Kama da kuma nassoshin uban

Ko da yake akwai Lev Schwartz daga cikin 'yan makarantar "marasa bangaskiya", duk da haka, ya kammala karatunsa a jami'a kuma a 1898 ya tafi birnin Dmitrov. Kuma a wannan shekarar an kama shi saboda zato da farfagandar adawa da gwamnati. An kai iyalinsa zuwa Armavir, to Akhtyr da Maikop. Duk da haka, wannan ba batun kawai ne kawai ba tare da hukumomi, har yanzu za'a kama da kuma gudun hijira.

Amma a kan ɗansa ɗansa, abubuwan da suka shafi gidajen kurkukun mahaifinsa ba zai shafe shi ba. Eugene kuma ya yi masa baftisma a cikin Ikklesiyar Otodoks, don haka ya koya kan kansa a matsayin Rasha. Orthodoxy a gare shi ya kasance daidai da kasancewa na kabilar Rasha, kuma bai raba kansa daga gare ta.

Yara

Ya kasance a Maikop cewa ya ciyar da yaro da matasa Schwartz Eugene Lvovich. Bayanan ɗan gajeren labari na marubucin ya shaida cewa ya tuna game da wannan lokacin tare da jin dadi da tausayi na musamman.

A shekarar 1914 ya shiga Jami'ar. Shanyavsky a Moscow zuwa Faculty of Law. Amma bayan 'yan shekaru sai na gane cewa wannan ba aikinsa ba ne kuma ya yanke shawarar mika kansa ga littattafai da wasan kwaikwayo.

Juyin juya halin da yakin basasa

Lokacin da 1917 Schwartz ya tafi aikin soja, nan da nan akwai juyin juya halin, kuma Eugene ya shiga cikin ma'aikatan sa kai. A cikin yakin da Yekaterinodar ya samu, ya sami babban rikice-rikicen hali, kuma ya sami dimokuradiyya. Wannan mummunan rauni bai wuce ga marubuta ba tare da wata alama ba, to, dukan rayuwarsa ya kasance tare da ƙaƙƙarfan hannu.

Bayan mulkin demokraɗiyya, Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich (wanda aka ba da labarinka na ɗan gajeren lokaci) ba zai manta da mafarkinsa a wani lokaci ba. Ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Rostov. Aiki a "Workshop Workshop", ya sadu da Nikolai Oleinikov, wanda daga bisani ya zama abokinsa mafi kyau da kuma marubuci.

Wasan kwaikwayo

A 1921, Schwartz Eugene Lvovich tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi aiki, ya zo Petrograd a kan yawon shakatawa. Masu faɗakarwa sun lura da kyakkyawar kayan aiki. Amma ya yanke shawarar barin shi kuma ya zama sakataren marubucin yara Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky, wanda ya taimaka masa da tambayoyi masu yawa.

Daga bisani, a 1923-1924, Schwartz Eugene Lvovich ya yi aiki a kan litattafai don wallafe-wallafe na Birnin Donetsk, a karkashin shahararren Ded Saray.

Daga baya, a 1924, ya koma Leningrad, zuwa ofishin editan Gosizdat, inda ya taimaka wa mawallafin marubuta su nemo hanyoyin su a cikin zane-zane. Schwartz kuma ya shiga cikin raya mujallun murnar yara "Hedgehog" da "Chizh". Ya rubuta waqoqai da labarun a can, inda aka yi magana da kungiyoyin OBERIU.

Hanyar wallafe-wallafen

Na farko da aikin da ya kawo Evgeniyu Shvartsu nasara shi ne play "Underwood", rubuta a 1929. A 1934, wahala da lallashewa Akimova, ya halitta na farko satirical play "The Kasadar Hohenstaufen."

A 1940, an rubuta "Shadow" wasan kwaikwayon, wanda shine mai mulki na siyasa, amma ba ta daɗe a kan mataki - an cire shi daga cikin littafi. A lokacin wannan aikin, dariya ya yi ban mamaki, amma a cikin zukatan masu kallo akwai matsaloli masu zafi.

Bayan haka, Eugene Schwartz yayi aiki a hanyoyi masu yawa, a kan jigogi na zamani, aiki. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a fitarwa ya zauna a Kirov da Stalinabad. A can ne ya halicci "dragon" mai girman kansa, wanda ya fadi cikin rarrabuwa da labari mai lalacewa, kuma, kamar sauran ayyukan ban mamaki, ba su da karni na tsawon kan wannan mataki.

Bayan jerin irin wannan lalacewar, mai wallafawa ya yi jima'i da abokai cewa, watakila, ya rubuta wani wasa game da Ivan the Terrible kuma ya kira shi "Uncle Vanya"?

Kawai bayan Stalin ta mutuwa, godiya ga} Olgi Berggolts, wanda aka sosai mai daraja aiki na Schwarz, duniya gan ta farko tarin ayyukansu.

Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich: abubuwan ban sha'awa

Mawallafin ya bambanta daga ƙuruciya ta hanyar tunani da tunani. Hotuna da yawa na Schwartz Eugene Lvovich sun nuna mana mummunar magana, amma kusan kullum ma da murmushi mai ban sha'awa.

Daya daga cikin mutanensa ya tuna cewa a lokacin da marubucin ya yi aiki a cikin mujallar "Chizh" da "Hedgehog", ɗakin da ke cikin bene na shida na Jakadancin Jihar na Nevsky 28 yana girgiza da dariya a kullum. Wannan Schwartz da Oleynikov sun yaba abokan aiki da maganganunsu. Sun bukaci masu sauraro, kuma sun samo shi.

Littafin farko na waƙoƙi ga 'ya'yan sanannen marubucin da aka wallafa a 1925 - "Labarin Tsohon Alkawari." Sa'an nan kuma wasan kwaikwayon The Treasure, The Adventures of Hohenstaufen, da aka rubuta da kuma sake yin aiki na Perro da Andersen mãkirci da aka buga: The Naked King, The Swineherd (1934), Little Red Riding Hood (1937), The Snow Queen (1938) Shadow "(1940)," Mu'jiza na Musamman "(1954).

'Yanci

Da farko daga cikin 'yanci na yanzu na wasa, an fara fara magana a ƙasashen waje - a Jamus, Isra'ila, Amurka, Poland, Czechoslovakia, da dai sauransu. Mawallafinmu na zamani, Mark Zakharov, ya halicci wannan fim mai ban mamaki "Ayyukan Al'ajabi".

Masu kallo da masu karatu ba su gaji da sha'awar marubuci ba da matukar damuwa da tunaninsa da kuma satarsa, kuma da zarar ya kasance harshen "Aesop". Schwartz ya nuna sha'awarsa har ma yana son Picasso, wanda yake da ra'ayinsa a cikin ra'ayoyinsa, kyauta kuma bai yi duk abin da yake so ba.

Bayan mutuwar mashawarcin, an buga "littafin waya", inda ya rubuta tunaninsa game da mutane a cikin jerin haruffa. Wadannan memoirs unusually ban sha'awa, domin suna aiwatuwa zamanin 20-50 ta, shi ne ya "tattake filin" na rayuwa.

A cikin su, Schwartz ba ya bayyana a matsayin mai gafartawa, a cikin tunaninsa yana da cikakkiyar gaske da kuma kyauta. A nan akwai mummunan rashin tausayi da sophistication, da ba'a da ba'a suna zubawa juna bayan wani. Babban manufarsa shi ne ya dubi gaskiyar a fuska kuma kada ya bar su.

Mata masu damu

A cikin matasa ya dogon shãyar Gayane Haladzhevoy - nan gaba matarsa, amma ba ta bayar a, saboda yana wuce yarda da matalauta, ko da yake, da kuma suka yi mata alkawari duwãtsu na zinariya a matsayin gaskiya bayar da labarun baka. Matar ta biyu ita ce Ekaterina Ivanovna. Kafin mutuwarsa, kuma ya mutu da wuya, sai aka ƙoƙarin yaudara rabo kuma ko da a shiga cikin cikakken ayyukan Charles Dickens, amma ya mutu tun kafin a saki na karshe girma.

Ya mutu ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1958. Aka binne shi a cikin tauhidin hurumi a Birnin Leningrad. Wasu fina-finai na tarihin bidiyon da aka kaddamar da su ne aka harbe su game da marubuci mai basira.