Shuka nama da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin

Shuka kyallen takarda ne quite bambancin. Sha'awa, da morphological halaye na kowane tsarin dogara kai tsaye a kan ta executable ayyuka. Yana yanke shawarar ware wasu daga cikin iri:

• ilimi;
• shafi.
• inji;
• conductive.
• asali.

Kowane tsarin yana da wasu siffofin, wanda da za a tattauna a kasa.

Educational shuka nama

Educational nama suna kira meristems. Wannan tsarin ya kunshi kananan, polyhedral Kwayoyin tare da bakin ciki ganuwar. Suna rufe tam tare. A karkashin madubi ka iya ganin cewa suna da wani babban tsakiya da kuma da yawa kananan vacuoles. A musamman alama ce ta wannan masana'anta shi ne ikon da ta Kwayoyin su raba ci gaba. Wannan shi ne abin da na tabbatar da akai girma da shuka. Yana yanke shawarar ware wadannan iri:

• Primary meristem - balagaggu shuka wannan masana'anta da aka adana a cikin dubaru da harbe da kuma tushen tukwici. Yana yana da za'ayi godiya ga ta farko shuka girma a tsawon.
• Secondary meristem - cambium gabatar da fellogenom. Wadannan yadudduka samar da sakandare yaduwa daga tushe da kuma tushen diamita. By wuri ware apical, a kaikaice da sakandare intercalary meristem.

Shafi shuka nama

A cover zane da aka sanya a jiki surface na shuka. Its main aiki - ne kariya. Irin Tsarin ne alhakin da juriya na shuke-shuke zuwa inji danniya, kare da m zazzabi canje-canje da kuma wuce kima evaporation na danshi, kare da ingress pathogens. A cover mambobi za a iya raba uku main kungiyoyin:

• Epidermis (fata) - shi ne na farko nama cewa kunshi kananan, m, kuma a tam rufe a tsakanin sel. Matsayin mai mulkin, da irin wannan masana'anta rufe surface na ganye da matasa harbe. A epidermal Layer da ganye ya hada da stomata - samuwar wanda ke da alhakin tafiyar matakai na gas musayar kuma transpiration.
• Periderm - sakandare shafi masana'anta, wanda aka sanya a kan tushe da kuma tushen surface. Ya kunshi feloggena da kuma toshe kwalaba. Cork ne matattu cell Layer, da ganuwar da aka impregnated da hana ruwa abu suberin.
• Cork - nama, wanda shi ne halayyar itatuwa da kuma wasu bushes. Wannan Layer na rufe nama ne waje na marufi.

Gudanar da kyallen takarda shuke-shuke

A primary aiki na wannan kungiya daga kyallen takarda - kai na ruwa da kuma ma'adanai ga jiki da shuka. Don rarrabe tsakanin wadannan iri conductive abubuwa:

• Xylem - motsa ruwa tare da narkar da ma'adanai daga tushen zuwa ga ƙasa sassa na shuka. Ya ƙunshi wani musamman jirgin ruwa, da ake kira trachea da tracheids.
• Phloem - masana'anta, wanda ya samar da wani saman-saukar halin yanzu. Ta hanyar sieve shambura duk kwayoyin gina jiki, wanda ake hada da ganye suna yada zuwa sauran gabobin da shuka, ciki har da tushen tsarin.

Babban masana'anta na shuke-shuke: parenchyma

Wannan masana'anta da aka hada da kananan rai Kwayoyin tare da bakin ciki ganuwar. Wannan shi ne tushen dukkan gabobin. Yana hada da:

• Assimilation nama - suka dauke yawa Kwayoyin da chloroplast ne ke da alhakin tafiyar matakai na photosynthesis da kuma samuwar kwayoyin abubuwa. Yawancin wadannan tsokoki na dauke a cikin ganyayyaki.
• Storage kyallen takarda - Kwayoyin suna ajiye gina jiki. Wannan nama yana mayar da hankali a 'ya'yan itatuwa, tushen da tsaba.
• Ruwa-hali nama - aka yi amfani da jari da kuma adana ruwa. Wadannan nama halayyar shuke-shuke da suke zaune a zafi da kuma bushe canjin yanayin, kamar murtsunguwa.
• Pneumatic masana'anta - irin yadudduka ne manyan intercellular cavities wanda suna cike da iska. Aerenchyma halayyar fadama da ruwa shuke-shuke.

Inji shuka nama

Alhakin halittar wani karfi frame. Sun goyi bayan siffar da shuka, sa shi more resistant zuwa inji tasiri. Ya kunshi irin wannan masana'anta da m konkoma karãtunsa fãtun Kwayoyin. A mafi dauke inji nama ci gaba a cikin kara da shuka.