Shugaba juriya

Wutar lantarki ne mai yiwuwa mafi karatu mutãne tushen samar da makamashi da kuma a sakamakon, ya riƙi tushen a rayuwarmu haka a hankali cewa, ko da ka yi tunani game da abin da shi ne ba - shi ne bashi da kyau. Amma da zarar, domin ƙarni, mutane sun yi amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum ne kawai fun abun wasa - ja grated dutse ulu kananan abubuwa. Wannan dutse ya ba amber, kuma a Greek ya ake kira "electron". Bayan da yawa ƙarni, wannan sunan ya samu na farko jama'a na farko barbashi - da lightest na cajin yan dako. Fate ya irin da electron: shi zama babban m makamashi na lantarki filin.

A ta farko matakin, abu ne da atomic tsarin planetary irin - a tsakiyar core na proton-neutron, kuma electron bawo. M electron harsashi abubuwa musanya electrons da kwayoyin halitta a cikin interatomic sarari haka wasu daga cikinsu, zai fi dacewa masu nuna Properties na ƙarfe free-electron girgije ne kafa. Yawanci irin kayan da ake yi na wayoyi domin yada lantarki a halin yanzu. A halin yanzu canja wurin yadda ya dace aka shafi dalilai da yawa, ciki har da da kuma juriya da shugaba - shi ne wani na game alama na kowane conductive abu. Idan iyakar da shugaba to connect da tushen irin ƙarfin lantarki, to, shi zai gudana daga ƙarƙashinsu tare da wutar lantarki yanzu. Dalilin da ya faru - da m bambanci a iyakar da shugaba. Electrons, kasancewa a cikin lantarki filin, ya samar da wata directed motsi na mafi iya aiki a wani karami, tare da wani tsawon da shugaba, kuma a cikinta da ikon samar da makamashi ne hawa. Amfani da wannan makamashi na iya zama wani mai amfani da alaka da wani lantarki kewaye.

A mafi kyau na kayan, conductors amfani ga yi na waya watsa Lines cewa aika da wutar lantarki a kan dubban kilomita daga ikon shuka. Mene ne rarrabẽwa ga zabi da conductors daga cikin kayan? Irin wannan halayyar ne da juriya da shugaba. Yadda shi bayyana kanta a wani shugaba? Bisa ga ka'idar da wutar lantarki, free electrons gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, ta hanyar da shugaba, da ciwon wasu makamashi. A cikin hanyar su ƙungiyoyi faruwa collisions tare da sunadaran kwayoyin halitta, kuma ka yi tãrẽwa da su a cikin makamashi. Mun ji wannan "redistribution", amma a gaskiya asarar makamashi a matsayin zafi shugaba.

Wannan ya nuna madawwamiyar aikin injiniya da matsaloli, a cikin abin da babban ɓangare na mataki - juriya da shugaba. Yana da wannan siga kewaye kayyade dõgẽwa asarar makamashi, da kuma suka yi girma a cikin rabo da karuwa na waya tsawon L. gaba shugaba lissafi siga shafi da juriya shi ne wani bangaranci view na waya S. Tare da karuwa a gicciye sashe na shugaba, ta juriya rage-rage proportionally. Don kimanta kayan cikin sharuddan da suitability kamar wayoyi, amfani da wani halayyar, da ake kira "resistivity": da juriya da shugaba giciye sashe na 1 mm square. da kuma 1 m, a tsawon. Yanzu, bayan shan wani darajar daga tebur domin resistivity ƿ dace abu zai iya lissafta da juriya da shugaba. Da dabara ya ba da wani darajar R - Homme idan ƿ - Omm * m / sq mm. , S - mm square, L -. M.

R = (ƿ * L) / S.

Kamar yadda ya ce dabara iya yi lissafin ga dukkan lokuta, idan asali data suna sani. Kuma abin da idan shugaba ne, kuma alluna da kuma mita diamita da kuma tsawon na waya a hannu ne ba, a cikin wasu kalmomi, da yadda da kayan aiki ƙaddara juriya da wani shugaba? A irin haka ne, amfani da ma'auni na'urar, wanda aka kira wani ohm-mita.

Akwai ma zartar ohmmeters da yawa daban-daban embodiments da aiwatar daban-daban ka'idojin aiki, amma aka fi amfani da yanzu ma'auni kewaye via shugaba juriya gwajin da wani calibrated ji resistor ko da ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin gwajin resistor da calibrated halin yanzu a cikin ma'auni kewaye.