Sashen da lafiyar qasa da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin. Babban muhalli batutuwa

Man, kasancewa wani ɓangare na noosphere, an fuskanci al'amurran da suka shafi hulda da jama'a tare da yanayi. Science, nazarin da na nazarin dangane da alƙarya da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da juna da kuma da yanayi, kazalika da karatu da tasiri na halitta dalilai a kan shuka, dabba da sauran rayuwa siffofin, da ake kira da lafiyar qasa. Domin ƙarin bayani nazarin wannan nazarin halittu horo ne zuwa kashi sassa: synecology, autecology, yawan Kare Mahalli, mutum da lafiyar qasa.

Su Hadakar kuma wani bangare ne na zantawar} ungiyoyin hadaddun da ya hada da ba wai kawai yankunan da lafiyar qasa, amma kuma ga sauran sciences: tattalin arziki, da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, Psychology. Wannan talifin zai bincika sassa na muhalli kimiyya da kuma tabbatar da dalilin da su muhimmanci ga cigaban dan Adam cikin jituwa da yanayi.

muhalli batutuwa da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin

Manufar horo ne a zurfi kuma mafi sosai nazarin sassa daban daban na kimiyya: nazarin halittu, zamantakewa da kuma tattalin arziki. Alal misali, ta mayar da hankali a kan peculiarities na da dangantaka na shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da kwayoyin daga yanayi overall Kare Mahalli a matsayin kimiyya. Lafiyar Qasa tattare alƙarya abincinsu matsaloli a al'amarin. Geoecology la'akari da ƙayyadaddu rayuwa al'ummomi da suke zaune a takamaiman Gwargwadon yanayin: a cikin duwatsu, da ruwa tare tafkunan, tekuna, da dai sauransu Next, mun yi la'akari da sama da sauran muhalli batutuwa a more daki-daki ...

da sauran muhalli manufofin

A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - da nazarin albarkatun kasa na matakan da kungiyar. Irin wannan sashe kamar yadda autecology, shirya daban-daban manifestations na muhalli da yanayi, delimiting su a kan abiotic, biotic da mutum dalilai. An sani yadda muhimmanci da zazzabi, haske da kuma samar da ruwa ga rayuwar shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da mutane. Masana kimiyya ma bincikar karbuwa, tasowa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar canza yanayi biyu a alƙarya da kuma a kan biogeocoenose matakin.

Synecology, kamar sauran rassan na zamani da lafiyar qasa, ta binciko hulda da abubuwa biogeocoenose a matakin kungiyoyin na kwayoyin daban-daban jinsunan. Suna bayyana a cikin irin siffofin da mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, symbiosis. Ya kamata a lura cewa da muhalli dalilai karatu a cikin muhalli matakin, refracted ta cikin rayuwa siffofin daban-daban kwayoyin, shi ne babba bambanci tsakanin su daga bincike da za'ayi, misali, climatology, kasar gona kimiyya da hydrology.

Yawan jama'a da lafiyar qasa - da mažalli don fahimtar aiki na biocenosis

Wannan sashe na Environmental Science karatu da kaddarorin na asali tsarin raka'a rai yanayi - yawan jama'a. Wannan ra'ayi maida hankali ne akan wani rukuni na kwayoyin da wannan nau'in rayuwa a kowa yanki - mazauninsu. Kimiyya horo, kazalika da sauran key muhalli yankunan, categorizes yawan cikin gida, Gwargwadon da muhalli iri. Rahoton ya bincika daki-daki, da kaddarorin da rãyuwãta, da irin al'ummomin da ikon haifa da juyin halitta, nuna rubutu da iri - m kuma na boko. A karshe, a kan aiwatar da phylogeny za a iya canza kama zuwa m yawan ko shafe ta.

Yadda za a rarrabe tsakanin jinsunan al'umma

Da ma'ana ci gaba da binciken yawan halaye na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne synecology. Ta, kamar sauran sassan na janar Kare Mahalli, nazarin dangantaka alamu na kwayoyin daban-daban jinsunan cewa da aka kafa a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta. Su yi tunani da matsayi ta kunsa da kunshi ƙarƙashin matakan. Nazarin na shuka rai, kwayoyin, dabbobi a cikin halitta mazauninsu ake gudanar da masana kimiyya domin kafa dokokin, shirya su a biocenoses.

Ta yaya kwayoyin daidaita da canje-canje a cikin muhalli dalilai?

Wannan tambaya ce za a amsa ta la'akari da babban muhalli batutuwa, musamman irin tarbiyya kamar yadda autecology. Yana tsara 'yan postulates, yayi bayani sunadaran da karbuwa, kamar dokar da ganiya wuri domin kowane kwayoyin iyakar da ransa domin duk abiotic dalilai (abin da ake kira iyãkõkin haƙuri). A tsakiyar wannan yanki na rayuwa da kuma mazauninsu kira ganiya. Wannan zangon ne mafi m rai yanayi na mai rai gabar.

Saboda kaifi tabarbarewar yanayi a kimiyya da shi ya zama dole su gane karbuwa sunadaran kunno kai daga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a sakamakon physico-sinadaran da rediyoaktif gurbatawa na biosphere.

Human tasirin a kan biogeocoenoses

Yana fahimce karatu da dama kimiyya tarbiyya, da suka hada da sassan da aiyuka Lafiyar Qasa. Kamar yadda mutum tasowa masana'antu da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kuma aikin noma. An canza fuskar halitta da tsarin? Yadda aikace-aikace na ci-gaba nanotechnology sabobin tuba da fuskar ƙasa? A amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi da kuma samar mana da wadannan muhalli batutuwa: ka'idar mutum da aka yi tsarin, Urban Kare Mahalli, Biospherology. Anthropogenic dalilai, duka biyu kai tsaye (misali, gurbatawa na hydrosphere na masana'antu da kuma m sharar gida da ruwa, predatory deforestation, farautar) ko kai tsaye ba (misali, halittar wucin gadi teku - ruwa kududdufai, plowing ƙasar, abu don yashewa da ƙasa, gwargwado, magudanun ruwa na dausayi), canja balance halitta biosystems - biocenoses kuma suna da wani kai tsaye barazana ga rayuwarsa a duniya. The Red Book - mai daukan hankali tabbatarwa da laifi aiki na mutum, wadda take kaiwa zuwa nau'i nau'i da kuma mutuwa na wata babbar yawan jinsunan.

Aiyuka Lafiyar Qasa al'amurra

Wannan shi ne mai gwada da matasa reshe na kimiyya, memba na muhalli sassan. Tebur a kasa ya kira dukan substructure rassan alaka da babban ayyuka na al'umma da kuma dangantaka da yanayi.

Saboda haka Bioresource da masana'antu da lafiyar qasa yayi sunã rãyar da hanyoyin amfani da ayyukan gona da ƙasar, gandun daji, tekuna da al'amarin, wanda ake nufin tsare su haihuwa da kuma yawan aiki.

Gaggawa Urban da lafiyar qasa da bincike

Karatu daban-daban muhalli sassan, mayar da hankali a kan horo, haskakãwa matsaloli a cikin birane yanayi da kuma dangantaka imbalances a cikin ci gaban birane da kuma manyan ayyuka biogeocoenose a wadda urbanization faruwa. Dumama da kuma samar da ruwa, Sewerage, kai networks, yankunan don zubar da sharar gida m halitta mutum, yawanci ba tare da game domin kare lafiya na halitta tsarin. Saboda wannan halitta gandun daji plantations bace, zama m tafkunan, ragewa alƙarya da kwari, tsuntsaye kuma kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin yanayin kasa. A sakamakon haka, da zamani metropolises su ne babbar conglomerates high-Yunƙurin gina na roba, gilashin da kankare. Su ne duka-duka da dan hanya da na halitta nazarin halittu tsarin.

Urban da lafiyar qasa da aka ƙoƙarin samun m, daidaitawa da aiki na hanyoyi riga gina birane, kazalika da ma'anar bukatun na gina sabon birane da bukatun da abubuwa na halitta kunsa: shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Kimiyya kuma hasashen sakamakon ayyukan mutane da kuma daukawa fitar da kasar gona yanayin saka idanu, ruwa da kuma yanayi a cikin manyan birane.