Richard Nixon - 37th shugaban kasar na United States of America. biography

A cikin dukan tarihin Amurka ne kawai daya daga cikin su shugabannin aikin bar mukaminshi farkon. Suka zama Richard Nixon, wanda ya yi murabus a shekarar 1974. Amma ba kawai cewa ya mataki ya taba shiga cikin tarihin lokaci. Mun kasance a cikin yadda ake gudanar da sauran fice lokacin. Dukansu tabbatacce kuma korau.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka Shugaba

Richard Nikson Milhauz aka haife kan Janairu 9, 1913 a wani gari da ake kira Yorba Linda, a rana California. Duka da mahaifansa biyu mallakar wani addini al'umma da kuma Quakers sun ra'ayin mazan jiya salon. Uba Niksona Frensis an kabilanci Scot na Clan Armstrong. Sunan tsohuwarsa Hannah, kuma shi aka karkashin ta tasiri, da dukan iyalin rayu a kan canons na Quakers.

Bugu da kari ga Richard, mai suna a cikin girmamawa Sarki Richard na Lionheart, ma'auratan da hudu 'ya'ya. Su sunayen an kuma adana koyarwa ta memory na Birtaniya daular mulkinsu. Abin baƙin ciki, biyu daga cikin 'yan'uwa sun kasance ba m isa ya zama a adulthood.

Nixon iyali yanke wa. Iyaye kokarin gona, amma shi bai yi aiki ba daga mai kyau. Sa'an nan aka yanke shawarar barin Yorba Linda da kuma matsa zuwa wani birni Whittier California. Akwai mahaifin bude wani kananan iyali kasuwanci, wanda ya kunshi mai gas tashar, kuma saukaka store. 'Ya'ya maza na rayayye taimake shi a cinikin. Girma a fadin, m-aiki kuma Thrifty.

A farko makarantun, wanda aka ziyarci da Richard, ya zama wani babban makaranta a Furletone. Richard Nixon da aka bambanta da hankali, mai kishi, kazalika da mai kira da kuma m talanti. Makaranta ya sauke karatu daga takwas a kan dalibi yi da kuma nan da nan ta je koleji. Harvard ya miƙa, amma gaskiyar cewa danta biya domin zaune a wani gari, da iyali da babu kudi.

A koleji, nan gaba Shugaban Amurka 37 tabbatar da wani m dalibi da kuma yadda nasarar karatu sa'an nan a Jami'ar Durham, inda ƙware da sana'a na lauya.

Fara na aikin

Bayan samun digiri, Nixon ya grandiose da tsare-tsaren da nan gaba rayuwa. Ya so ya shirya a cikin Tarayya Ofishin Bincike, amma wannan ra'ayin da aka rufe "jan tasa". The saurayi yana da wani zabi amma don komawa zuwa California - a Whittier gida.

Akwai ya kasance tare da hannuwansa da ƙafafunsa da mafi tsufa kamfanin lauyoyi a winger da kuma Beli, inda sabon lauya daga 1937 zuwa 1945-da shekara tsunduma a daban-daban lawsuits kamfanoni hali.

Hakika, wannan ba game da aiki fara yin mafarki matasa m. Amma daga baya ya shigar da cewa da al'adar dokar ba shi da yawa. Kuma da amfani sosai a siyasa. Bugu da kari, Richard Nixon suka zama manya kwaleji na dũkiya, wanda da zarar ya kammala karatunsa. A wannan lokacin ya kasance kawai 26.

Ayyukan a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu

Lokacin da kasashen Turai, da duniya na biyu, to, wanda aka shigar da United States, nan gaba shugaban ya zaune tare da iyalinsa a Washington, DC, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin babban birnin kasar management na farashin tsari. Kamar yadda wani Quaker, ya aka saki daga alhakinku a bauta a cikin sojojin, amma bayan da Japan hari a kan Pearl Harbor iya ku zauna a gida. A cikin kusa-saƙa da darajõji daga soma ruwan Amurka sojojin. Daga 1942 zuwa 1946 na farko Nixon, jami'i na wadata a kudancin tekun Pacific. Ya koma gida lafiya da kuma sauti da daraja na leftana kwamandan.

A farkon siyasa

Bayan canja wuri zuwa ajiye na Richard Nixon, wanda biography da aka haka da cika fuska ta katse da soja suka faru, na yanke shawarar canza halin rayuwarsu. A wannan da ya taimaka 'yan Republican saba. Ganin Nixon m, m da kuma alamar adadi, suka roƙe shi ya sa a gaba da dandalin siyasa a matsayin dan takararsu a gaba zaben zuwa Amurka majalisar wakilai.

A tsari da aka yarda ba tare da jinkirin, da kuma Nixon lashe zaben. 2 Bayan shekaru, a cikin 1948, ya aka sake zabe a Congress, kuma a 50th zo zuwa majalisar dattijai daga jihar California.

A farkon da siyasa aiki, Richard Nixon tabbatar da wani aiki da zanga-gurguzu, nasarar buga wannan hanya a kan Game da biases masu jefa kuri'a. Har ila yau, ka lura da hannu a cikin ci gaban da Marshall Shirin.

Yunƙurin da Fall

A shekara ta 1952, Nixon aka jiran wani tsanani aiki dauki kashe. Shugaban Amurka ya zama wani Republican Janar Duayt Eyzenhauer da kuma mataimakin shugaban kasar - magaji zuwa Scottish manya, mai suna bayan da almara English sarki.

A wannan rawa, Richard Nixon ya iya ziyarci 56 kasashen duniya da gaske Amurka "to tuƙa." Da tasiri a kan jama'a da manufofin da aka babban. Tun Eisenhower ya sau da yawa rashin lafiya da kuma fita daga kasuwanci, mataimakansa zama a zahiri shine sarki.

Mataimakin shugaban kasar Amurka , Nixon ya ciyar a shekaru 8 - kamar yadda shugaban kasa ya Eisenhower, wanda a cikin 56th aka sake zabe a karo na biyu.

Kuma a karshen ofishin "Kocin" na aminci protege ya yi kokarin daukar shugaban wurin zama da shan kashi a zaben a 1960. Amma ya rasa tseren to John Kennedy.

wannan laifin kasawa bayan shekaru biyu, sai ya sheƙo a zaben na gwamnan California. Bayan haka, Nixon ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga harkokin siyasa da kuma sake tafiyar da fikihu. Kuma ya fita. Ko da yake ba ga tsawo ...

Shugaban kasar Amurka Richard Nixon: da jiran zuwansa post

A cikin rabi na biyu na 60s siyasa halin da ake ciki a kasar da kuma "ya sanya waswãsi" to koma Nixon. 'Yan Republican samu karfi da kuma m domin yaƙi. Sake je gida jam'iyyar, tsohon mataimakin shugaban sanya wani biyu ƙoƙari na cire daga muƙamin prefix "mataimakin." Kuma ya yi nasara!

A shekarar 1968, zaben da jam'iyyar Democrat a fuskar Hyubertona Humph yan Republican rasa. na karshe rata sosai kananan, amma shi ya isa ya Richard Nixon ya zama mutum na farko a kasar.

Hakika, ya sa mai yawa kokarin da wannan kuma amfani mai yawa dabara. Daya daga cikin mafi nasara da aka da dabara na yi barkwanci tare da masu jefa} uri'a a cikin mazan jiya ta Kudu da kuma West, bisa ga al'ada zaben Democrats.

A shekara ta 1972, Nixon aka sake zabe a karo na biyu. Wanne, duk da haka, bauta da ƙarshen ya da wani sa'a.

m siyasa

37 shugaban kasar Amurka ya zo ikon lokacin da kasar da aka "overheated" da ci gaba na tattalin arziki, wanda ya kai ga high kumbura. Zama matsakaici ra'ayin mazan jiya, Nixon gudanar da wani jerin sauye-sauye da ya taimaka ya dauke feverish tafiyar matakai.

Alal misali, monetization an za'ayi a karkashin shugabanci. Nixon har yanzu sharply rage zaman jama'a amfanin, kallafaffen iko a kan size of Hakkin, muhimmanci Karkasa zartarwa ikon a kasar. All practicable dakatar da hauhawar farashin kaya, amma ta ƙarshen wa'adi na biyu na dukiya a kasar fara tafiya a sake.

Hakika, irin wannan tauri mataki kira a zanga-zangar da moods al'umma. Abin da kudin kadai rage tallafin da ga manoma .... Zai yiwu wannan ya bayyana harin a kan Richarda Niksona, wanda yana shirye a shekara ta 1974 a wasu Sama'ila Beek.

Bick yi aiki a matsayin mai sayarwa da kuma ya m cikin kasuwanci. Masifa cheated da iko, da kuma wata rana yanke shawarar daukar fansa. Ya shirya ya kwacewa wani jirgin saman domin fadi shi a cikin fadar White House, inda suka kashe kansa, da dukan saman Amurka - ciki har da shugaban, wanda, kamar yadda ya juya waje, wani m mai sayarwa ya so ya kashe 'yan shekaru. Sa'a, da laifin da aka tsaya a lokacin da, a kansa, zai iya yi, wata cũta ba ta ga kowa ba.

A kasashen waje da manufofin na Richarda Niksona

Game da kasashen waje da manufofin, an shiryar da Nixon, na farko, daya daga yakin alkawarai, wanda aka rage ga Amurka yaki a Vietnam da kuma cikar "zaman lafiya tare da girmamawa."

Domin ganin na wa'adin shugaban kasa ko ta soma wani rukunan, aka sani a tarihi a matsayin "Nixon Rukunai". A cewar shi, da United States shafe ta daga kai tsaye hannu a yaki da kwaminisanci gwamnatocin a Asiya. A halin yanzu, kasar ba ta kuɓutar da kanta siffofi da duniya mai sulhu, amma ya bayyana cewa aika da sojoji a gaban zai kasance ba. Kuma za su samar da goyon baya a wasu hanyoyi. Masõya aka shawarar ci gaba da dogara more a kan nasu.

Duk da haka, Nixon har yanzu sojojin da aka kawo a cikin wata kasa. Ta a shekarar 1970 ya zama Cambodia. Game da dangantakar da Tarayyar Soviet, suka yi warmed da ɗan a cikin wannan lokaci. Shugaba Richard Nixon ya ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet da kanta da kuma rundunar zuwa Leonid Brezhnev, tare da abin da suka auku quite m, kusan m hira.

Watergate al'amarinsu , kuma murabus

1972 zaben shekara fara Nixon a lokaci guda wata babbar nasara, kuma wannan deafening shan kashi. Ya amincewa doke su Democrat George McGovern kuma samu wani "tikitin" a karo na biyu. Amma a karshen duk abin da ya juya daga babban kunya.

Ba da da ewa bayan da sakamakon zabe a cikin latsa leaked bayanai game da keta cikin ofishin na Democrats, dake a cikin hotel "Watergate" yan leƙen asirin ƙasar da eavesdropping na'urorin. Hali Runduna ya ce "kwari" same kuma "kunnuwa" a fili "girma" daga hedkwatar abokan adawar - wato, da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican.

Personal hannu a cikin abin kunya, shugaban kasar Nixon hana har sai kwanan nan. Amma daga baya, a karkashin matsin lamba daga jama'a, shaida daga cikin hujjojin da aka tilasta partially gane shi.

Majalisar dattawan Amurka da kuma Majalisar Wakilai an tsige hanya da aka kaddamar. Kafin ta kai karshen, da abin zargi shugaba ya yanke shawarar yin murabus da kansa. A ritaya, ya gaya jama'ar Amirka 9 ga watan Agusta, 1974. Wannan a tarihin Amurka ya faru a karo na farko.

Wadannan da murabus

Ga sauran, bayan sauka daga mukaminsa a matsayin shugaban kasar Nixon rayuwa kishin rubuce. Wadannan sun memoirs a wanda ya yi kokarin rehabilitate kansa, kazalika da aiki a kan geopolitics.

Ko da yake 38th Shugaban Amurka Gerald Ford gyara Nixon riga wata guda bayan da murabus na karshen, a inuwa a kan babban harafin da Watergate abin kunya sa har mutuwarsa. A siyasar da ya samu izini da ƙofar, da kuma yi na dokar da aka ƙa'ida haramta. A farko, ma'auratan Nixon ya jagoranci wani shiru da kuma inconspicuous rayuwa a cikin California dukiya, da kuma a 1980 ya koma New York ya zama kusa da yara da jikoki.

Personal rayuwa Nixon

Richard Nixon ya kadai daya aure. Matarsa - wani malami Thelma Pat Ryan - ya ne mai matukar tsawo da kuma painfully nema. Haƙuri courtship biya kashe, da kuma a 1940 aka gudanar da wani bikin aure. Wife haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu.

Pat ya mai duqufar da matarsa. A da kudin da ta mallaka kiwon lafiya, ta ja Nixon daga cikin abyss na hauka a cikin abin da ya fadi bayan da abin kunya da kuma murabus. Vyhazhivaya lura da miji, a zaune a kan shi dare da rana, Pat ya sanã'anta a sakamakon inna na gefen hagu na jiki. Ta rasu a shekara ta 1993, da shekara na huhu da ciwon daji. Kuma mijinta ya tafi zuwa ga sauran duniya daidai watanni 11 - Afrilu 22, 1994.

Abin baƙin ciki, Richard Nixon, wanda ciki da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin sun kasance quite tasiri, sun ba su iya zuwa rehabilitate kansa a gaban al'ummar {asar Amirka. Haka kuma, ya jefa a inuwa a kan sosai ma'aikata na fadar shugaban kasa da kuma gurgunta amincewa a da rashin kuskuren babban American kasashen fuska. Amma kamar yadda lokaci ya wuce, wasu ƙarnõni an maye gurbinsu da wasu, da kuma more hankali manta.