Prussia - wannan ... Mulkin Prussia. Tarihi na Prussia

Prussia - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tarihi shubuha jihohin nahiyar Turai. A daya hannun, muna da zarar iko jihar wanda flag cewa unites dukan na Jamus. A kan wasu - a cikin mulkina ba kawai rubucen, amma kuma hambarar da. Kasar da aka narkar bayan faduwar Uku Reich da baya sha wahala karkiyar Teutons. Abin da irin wasiyya ya bar mana tarihin Prussia?

Gwargwadon matsayi

Ba kamar mafi yawan kasashen na Old World, Prussia a kan taswira Yana nemi zalla siyasa filaye. Alama harshe, saboda haka kowa ga tabbatar da dalilin da sauran} asashe, ta ma'aikata da mummunar, kamar general a Jamus al'adu na kasar.

Muhimmanci ga Prussia taka leda Baltic Sea, dake a cikin arewacin kasar. Ya na farko ƙauyuka bayyana a can. A ko'ina cikin tarihin Prussia, kan iyakoki sun canja, sau da yawa - daga (mun gwada) kananan duchy zuwa babban ɓangare na biyu Reich na Bismarck.

Ƙwarai rinjayi Prussia kasashen makwabta - Lithuania (Lithuania Prussians jini 'yan'uwa fiye da Jamus), da kuma Poland. Na biyu gina yawa wiles na ta arewa maso yammacin makwabcin a lokacin samun 'yancin kai. Poland ya sha nanata subjugates da karkararta.

Nemo babban ƙasar matattu jihar, Prussia, shi ne a yanzu mai karye. Sun kasance a cikin Rasha Federation da Kaliningrad yankin ne. Its cibiyar - shi ne wani tsohon Kenigsberg, 1946 da aka sani da Kaliningrad.

A zamanin da

A babbar rawa a cikin zargin Prussia, kazalika cikin tarihin Turai, taka leda shugaba na Huns, Attila. Shi ne bayyanar daular sanya up zaune a gaba na Baltic Sea estiev. Mun rubuta game da su ko zamanin da marubuta. Estii bar free ƙasa ga Prussians, wanda ya rigaya zaunar kawai a cikin tsarin na zamani Kaliningrad.

Tarihi na Prussia a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da muka san shi a yau, ba zai yiwu ba tare da bayyanar da Jamus da 'yan'uwana da Brutus Videvuda. Su zama shi ne m, amma shi ne gaban irin shugabanninmu waɗanda suka yi halitta kabilar karfi al'umma tare da ɓullo da zamantakewa gami da gina wani ikon tsaye, ya bayyana kaifi karuwa a Prussia ta ci gaba. A sakamakon haka, da al'adun da suka kasance 'yan'uwan da Jamus, ba mafi kusa al'ummai - Dogayen sanda da kuma Lithuania.

Christianization

Yaren mutanen Poland kananan sarauta a XI karni, shi ne kokarin fadada ƙasashensu saboda da arna Prussians. Duk da haka, sun yi matukar nasara bayar da shawarwarin. Zai yiwu Prussia yanki zai zauna free daga mulkin gargajiya Turai wasanni, idan karkashin inuwar na Christianization (a bisa gayyatar da Polish yarima da sirri albarkar da Paparoma), shi ba zai shigar da almara Teutonic Order.

Lithuanian Order samu nasu jihar, wanda aka cikakken ikon gudanar da wani na Christianization na wani arna yawan cewa ya juya ga Prussians looting, azabtarwa da kuma tashin hankali.

fadada daga cikin ƙasa

Godiya ga aiki damar ikon kai tsaye ta Teutons da sha na sauran umarni na jarumtan, kumbura, kuma Prussia a kan taswira kanta. A wani matsayi, mafi yawan Baltic kasashen mallakar jihar na Teutonic Order.

Ciki a kasar shi ne mai m Katolika jihar su sa shi mai laushi, wata babbar nuna bambanci a cikin ecclesiastical dalĩli. A gaskiya ma, cikin Teutonic Order ƙaddamar (via Jagora) zuwa ga Paparoma, don haka jihar shi a karkashin cikakken iko da Vatican.

Samar da wani mulki

Har karni na sha shida wanzu jihar na Teutonic Order. Yana sa mutane da yawa yaƙe-yaƙe - wani lokacin nasara, fadada su jiha, amma kusa da jerin lokaci zuwa yanzu, da karin baya da Teutons a fagen yaƙi.

Musamman tsanani ya rinjãyarsu a cikin goma sha uku shekaru 'Yaƙi da Poland. Da shi shi ne karshe duka da Teutonic Order - marmarin riƙe iko da tserewa daga fushin Paparoma. Jagora Albreht Brandenburgsky soma Protestantism, da wanda Prussia zama wadanda mutane jiha. Ya kuma zama talakansa na Yaren mutanen Poland sarki. Tsohon Jagora yi mai yawa amfani abubuwa ga jihar. Alal misali, zamantakewa gyare-gyare da bude na farko jami'a. Bugu da kari, godiya ga shi, Prussia - wannan shi ne jiha ta farko da a cikin tarihi na da rinjaye a hukumance Protestant bangaskiya.

Duchy na Prussia dade ba - dan Albrecht bayyana rashin lafiya da kuma bayan rasuwar tsohonsa ba su iya su karaga, sa'an nan ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu. A gaba magaji zuwa Duchy wani Yaren mutanen Poland sarki.

Prussian Mulkin zuwa Poland

Samun kuma dashi a sabuwar ƙasar, mai mulkin tunani, abin da zai zama na Prussia. mulki Yana da jũna mafi wani zaɓi, tun ƙara muhimmanci girma monarch. Yanzu ya kasance da sau biyu gwamna.

Kamar kowane mulki a cikin Mulkin Prussia ya sosai m. Yana da da kansa dokoki, da kansa kotu. Ko ta sojojin gudana dabam daga Yaren mutanen Poland. Bugu da kari, karkarar jihar girma cikin sauri, kamar yadda Sarkin Prussia sani - kawai taru a kusa da shi da wani iko da karfi da goyon baya, da suka iya yi adawa Poland da kuma komawa zuwa ta Jamus asalinsu.

Duk da haka, irin wannan m matakan da ake ba da ake bukata. A lokacin samuwar na Jamus Jihar Prussia yadda Poland yake yaƙi da Sweden, da kuma ta bukaci taimako majiɓinta. Brandenburg, Prince Frederick William na amince da su karɓi rance a taimaka wa hannu ga makwabta, bayar da cewa sami Prussia - ƙasar da ya, a matsayin mafi girma a Jamus yarima, ya zaci 'yan qasar Jamus, wanda ke nufin cewa ta.

Tare da wannan ma'amala kafa sarauta na Brandenburg-Prussia, wanda aka qaddara domin ya yi wasa a babbar rawar a nan gaba rayuwar siyasa na Turai.

Independent Prussian mulki

Godiya ga kokarin, kuma gaji mahaifinsa dan Prince of Brandenburg, aka samun karin kuma mafi ƙasar, kuma tare da su, da kuma tasiri an naɗa. Frederick na hau gadon sarautar, a 1701, yana nuna wa duniya cewa Prussia - shi ne a yanzu mai zaman kanta mulkin.

Matsakaicin tarihi alfijir na Prussia fadi a kan Frederick jirgin. Kuma har yanzu yana dauke daya daga cikin manyan sarakuna na Turai, kamar yadda da yawa da sake fasalin - ƙarfafa Prussia tattalin arzikin kasar, don haka da baitul da wata damar da kuɗaɗen da sojojin astronomical da asalin dũkiyõyinku. Ya yi babban canje-canje a cikin ilimi, da bayyana na'ura da kuma soja al'amura.

Saboda da yawa daga yaƙe-yaƙe da cewa tsoma baki a cikin King of Prussia saboda wasu dalilai da shi ya zama dole, kasarsa overgrown tare da sabon da kuma sabon asashe, da samar da Prussians suna a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan al'ummai Tsohon World. Sau ɗaya kawai ci Prussia - Rasha Empire dauki kansa ɓangare na Baltic bayan shan kashi a cikin yaƙi da shi a lokacin da shekaru bakwai War. Duk da haka, ko da wannan shan kashi da aka ba tsanani - da yarjejeniya tsakanin Frederick II Bitrus da kuma III ƙasar koma zuwa Prussia nan da nan.

Abin baƙin ciki, bayan da wani iko flowering bi m Fading. A sabon sarki, Frederick II na, ba sa iya rike iko a kan irin wannan sararin jihar. Mulkinsa ya yi rauni Prussia, amma dansa alama da karshe asarar Prussia ta jagorancinsa a Turai.

Amma kuma zarge shi sosai ba zai yiwu ba. Sarkin Prussia bai iya tsayayya da ambaliyar ruwa da Napoleon ta sojojin. Ta shafe a cikin hanyar kowane jihar. Bayan da Napoleonic zamanin Prussia aka mayar a da yawa karami yankunan, da kuma ya zama kamar ma ta shi aka qaddara domin rayuwa fitar da ransa don kammala asarar statehood, idan ba ...

Jamus daular

Great, Otto von Bismarck, Oddly isa, ya Prussia. Tare da bayyanar a kan siyasa scene iya daina kiran sunayen da Prussian sarakuna - yanzu ba su taka rawa a kwatanta da "Iron Chancellor".

Bismarck yake ministan shugaban Prussia, da kuma wani m fan na ra'ayin wani hadade Jamus jihar. A wannan lokacin shi kamar ba zai yiwu - da Jamus ƙasa daidai dozin takaddama tausayin jihohin amma daya ya raunana Austria. Duk da haka, Bismarck ba zai zama mai girma shugaban idan shi bai da wata hujja da kuma mabuwayi shirin.

Mataki-mataki, shi tako har da ikon Prussia, suna yaƙi da Denmark da kuma zabi da karkararta. Bismarck da ake bukata kawai a hujjar wani hari a kan Austria, kuma ya juya sama - da soja rikici a Italiya ya jagoranci wani bakwai-mako yaki tsakanin Austria da kuma Prussia, wanda ƙare tare da ƙungiyar na 21 German jihohin da halittar Jamus Empire. Sarkin Prussia, Wilhelm na zama Kaiser da Bismarck - ya Chancellor.

A Jamus Empire ya zama daya daga cikin manyan kasashe a duniya. Ba kalla rawa a cikin abun da ke ciki sun shagaltar da Prussia. Mulkin ya sunk zuwa gushewa, amma shi tambayi Prussians al'adu da siyasa sautin na daular.

Abin baƙin ciki, William II aka ba haka yanzu-gani siyasa. Ya sallami Bismarck daga ofishin, sa'an nan ya fara gudanar da wani cikakken ra'ayin mazan jiya m manufofin, da kuma cike da karfi kalamai m waje. Yayi musu da Rasha da kuma Birtaniya Crown, ya jagoranci Jamus zuwa kadaici.

Wadannan abubuwan su ne babban abubuwan da ake bukata don fara yakin duniya na farko, bayan da ta biyu Reich fadi har abada. Nuwamba tawayen tsage Jamus, Prussia, yin daya daga cikin kananan 'yantattun jihohi wanda aka tilasta su sãka su manyan iyaye.

Amma kamar yadda ko da yaushe ya faru a tarihin Jamus, a lokacin da chroniclers sun kasance a shirye don kawo ƙarshen tarihin guda jihar, wani sabon hali ya bayyana a sararin sama, wanda aka qaddara tara a kusa da shi duk Jamusawa.

The uku Reich

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na uku Reich, Prussia ya kasance daya daga cikin yankunan tsakiya.

Duk da cewa Hitler bai yi da rabo daga Jamus, wani togiya aka sanya wannan yankin.

A wani hadin gwiwa Nazi-jihar Prussia tsiwirwirinsu cin gashin, amma shi ya kasance ne kawai a kan takarda. A gaskiya shugaban mulkin kai ya ko dai Hitler ko daya daga cikin shugabannin da Reichstag - dangane da takamaiman ranar.

Yana da yake a cikin Uku Reich a Prussia karshe blur da iyakoki da wani zaman kanta a jihar. Yanzu ta kasance wani ɓangare na Jamus, ko da ta tsohon babban birnin kasar - Berlin - ya dogon daina za a hade tare da shi.

Bayan Jamus ta sha kashi a yakin duniya na II ɓangare na ƙasar Prussia, ciki har da Konigsberg haihuwa, ya koma da Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran ƙasa zauna a cikin gudun hijirar da kuma FRG.

Prussia a karshen yakin duniya na biyu

Prussia a 1945 shekara wakilci wani abu. A matsayin mai raba jihar bai wanzu har a ka'idar, ko na rasa Jamus. Domin da rana da aka kafa domin daya daga cikin mafi iko al'ummai a Turai. Ko a gaban mu jiran wani sabon m nuna? Bayan duk, kafin zuwan Bismarck ta Prussia annabta guda.

sakamakon

Prussia - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi rigima shafukan na Jamus tarihi. A jihar, wanda ya sanya harsãshin ga wanzuwar zamani tarayya Jamus, a gaskiya, ya mai zaman kanta wuce yarda da gajeren adadin lokaci.

Duk da haka, duk lokacin da lokacin Prussia a kan taswira reappeared, ko da a cikin karami-na sãsanninta, kuma a kowane locaci yana tabbatar da cewa ta ne gaskiya ikon Jamus, ta zuciya da kwakwalwa.

Ko ta yaya da labarin sake samu wani m tinge - Prussians, mazauna Baltic kasashen, wanda muka dangana da Lithuania da kuma Estonians, Jamusawa ne ko fiye da Jamus da kansu. Wannan shi ne asirin na Prussian tarihi, amma, musamman, da kuma ta jarrabawa - a cikin m nasarori da kuma kashi a gwagwarmayar da paradoxes.