Polyurethane kumfa: cutarwa ga kiwon lafiya. A Properties na polyurethane kumfa

Modern yi kasuwar shirya don bayar da abokan ciniki da kayan da dogon lokacin da amfani da kuma barga suna da dogon jerin polymers cewa zo a kan kasuwar ba haka ba da dadewa, kuma har yanzu samun fitarwa na saye. Shi ne wannan kungiya da kuma hada polyurethane kumfa.

Mẽne ne - a polyurethane kumfa?

Wannan zamani da ginin abu masana sanyã wa wani rukuni na gas-cika robobi. Polyurethane kumfa (PUF) kunshi wani inert gas lokaci na fiye da 85%. Bigiren da wannan abu ne da fadi da kuma bambance bambancen. Duk da haka tauri muhawara a kan ko polyurethane cutar da kiwon lafiya ne Yake fitar, ba ya kwanta tsawon shekaru da dama. A mafi tattauna a wannan lokaci ne tambaya na kayan hali a lokacin konewa da kuma watsi da mai guba aka gyara a karkashin dumama.

A labarin da kayan

Kwanan wata haihuwa kumfa iya amince a kira a 1937, lokacin da wani karamin rukuni na masana kimiyya daga dakin gwaje-gwaje don Levenkuzene hada abu da m Properties. Dangane da abin da ya da rabo daga hadawa sabon abu da aka gyara da kuma yadda sauri dauki ya faru, da kaddarorin wani polyurethane kumfa zuwa matuƙa, daban-daban. A hannu daya da kayan da aka m da resilient, amma m isa ya discontinuous lodi. A gefe guda - ƙarfi, taurin, yawa, amma brittleness a lankwasawa. A kayan ya bude up wani musamman m al'amurra, amma yakin duniya na biyu muhimmanci ragae su aiwatar. Duk da haka, tun da 60s na karshe karni samar da kumfa sai suka fara samar hanzari.

Bangaren polyurethane abun da ke ciki

Ainihin aka gyara abin da gyara da kumfa, kuma wajibi ne ga samuwar kuma abin da aka makala na polymer sarƙoƙi ne polyol (bangaren A) da kuma polyisocyanate (bangaren B). Wani lokaci m polyol kera iya ƙara wani bangaren - mai kara kuzari. Ainihin aka gyara na wani polyurethane kumfa ciwon takamaiman wari da kuma ruwa ne isasshe m daidaito da tabarau jere daga hasken rawaya zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa.

Polyol da dadewa ajiya o ƙarin exfoliate, don haka ne shawarar kafin yin amfani da su Mix. Polyisocyanate reacts da ruwa - a lamba crystallization fara. Domin shafe tsawon ajiya a bude iska fim da aka kafa a kan abu surface. A cewar ta bangaren abun da ke ciki kumfa na iya zama na biyu iri - domin spraying da Fitar.

biogenic Properties

Polyols da polyisocyanate amfani ga polyurethane samar da su ne man fetur kayayyakin. Duk da haka shi ne da aka sani cewa polyurethane bangaren kuma za a iya samar daga kayan lambu mai. A mafi wani zaɓi don wannan manufa - Castor man. A polyol bangaren ƙila za a samu daga man fetur sunflower, soya, oilseed fyade. Duk da haka, kudin da wadannan albarkatun kasa ne babban isa da kuma samar da ba ta fuskar tattalin arziki m. Biogenic kumfa kayan ake samar a kananan yawa da kuma amfani da su warware sosai kunkuntar takamaiman ayyuka.

Properties PPU

Polyurethane kumfa, kerarre da cikin gida da kuma waje masana'antun, yana mai yawan biyu tabbatacce kuma korau halaye.

A low thermal watsin abu (0.019 - 0.03 W / m), da kusan duka tururi permeability, ruwa juriya yi polyurethane kumfa kyau kwarai zafin rana da kuma godroizolyatorom. A wannan za a iya ce game da sauti rufi. High mannewa coefficient sa yiwu a yi amfani kumfa zuwa kusan duk wani surface.

Duk da haka, ba kawai da kyau halaye halin polyurethane kumfa. Damage za a iya lalacewa a lokacin da kona polyurethane kumfa to mutum kiwon lafiya (idan wani kai tsaye harshen tushen kayan konewa). Bugu da ƙari kuma, polyurethane fitarda mai guba abubuwa - formaldehydes. Polyurethane, wanda aka gyara amsa tare da iska da ruwa, resistant zuwa rinjayar hasken rana. Tun da ta samun duhu da kuma fada kashe a kan lokaci.

Bigiren da PPU

Wannan zamani da ginin polymer yadu amfani a fannoni daban daban na mutum aiki. A widest yanki na aikace-aikace a yi: rufi, Ft Irfan rufi da kuma waterproofing yakin da masana'antu da gine-gine na wani dalili (na zama, kasar da gidaje, shaguna, warehouses, hangars, da dai sauransu). Saboda da low thermal watsin na polyurethane kumfa amfani ga rufi ba kawai, rufi amma kuma ganuwar, duka biyu ciki da waje gine-gine. Sandwich bangarori na polyurethane kumfa ne ba makawa domin gina prefabricated yi ayyukan.

Kumfa da yawa na 30-86 kg / m³ (m foams) ana amfani da amo da kuma thermal insulating abu. A abu da yawa daga 70 kg / m³ yana da wani m tsarin cewa ba ya wuce ruwa da kuma nasarar amfani ga waterproofing.

A samar da refrigeration amfani da PUF hladoizolyatora. The takalma masana'antu ma'aikata a littattafai na yi na daban-daban takalma abubuwa da baka goyon bayan.

Duk da haka, akwai wuraren da shi ne sosai m amfani da wani abu kamar polyurethane kumfa. Health hadura zai iya sa da goyon baya abu da kuma fillers for upholstered furniture, kyãwãwa, matasan kai, da dai sauransu (Polyurethane kumfa yawa na 5-40 g / m³ - taushi kankare tubalan). Ko da yake masana'antun PPU da kuma tabbatar da cewa abu ne tsabtace muhalli da kuma ilimin tsaka tsaki, ta yin amfani da matsayin filler for toys kuma iya sa iyaye tunani game da 'ya'yansu ta kiwon lafiya.

Barci a cikin makamai na kumfa ...

Za mu mayar da hankali a kan batutuwa irin kwanciya a matsayin kyãwãwa na kumfa. Damage, kuma mai tsanani isa, iya amfani da inhaling tururi hadaddun maras tabbas sinadaran mahadi (game da 30 jinsin), mafi hatsari na su ne phenol da 2-ethylhexanoic acid. Haka kuma, sabon kyãwãwa da polyurethane kumfa filler emit 5-6 sau more kawo hadari abubuwa fiye da tsohon. A taro na vapors daga cikin wadannan abubuwa ne m tare da secretions daga sabon laminated dabe.

Tabbacin da aminci kyãwãwa da polyurethane kumfa filler m domin sauki dalilin cewa guduro amfani a mataki na su yi, catalysts, kaushi, aiki sinadaran gyara (phenol!).

Shin da barazana da phenol mai girma?

Phenol dauke da wani mai guba abu ga dalilin cewa shi ya ba da kashe m tururi, da kuma wannan tsari ba tare da tabarbarewar ko asarar yawan guba na iya wuce wa shekaru. Wannan sinadari iya haifar da cuta daga cikin manyan tsarin na jikin mutum: numfashi, juyayi da kuma zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. The sakamako na iya zama ciwon kai, asarar sani, incoordination. The aiki na kodan da kuma hanta ƙila za a lalace. Constant lamba tare da phenol da ta vapors iya haifar da bayyanar da irin wannan mummunan cututtuka kamar fuka, dauke da kwayar cutar cutar huhu, allergies.

Bisa ga masana kimiyya da hannu a gudanar da bincike a wannan yanki, da yin amfani da polyurethane kumfa domin yi na yara furniture, kyãwãwa, toys da tushe. PPU iya da kyau a maye gurbin da mafi aminci kayan. Idan iyaye na da damuwa game da kiwon lafiya na 'ya'yansu, dole ne su zama sosai m da zabi ga su toys da kyãwãwa, inda a matsayin filler za a iya amfani da polyurethane kumfa. The girma na m kasashen dakatar da yin amfani da phenol ga yi na yau da kullum da kayayyakin.

Menene bad?

Products sanya na polyurethane an yi amfani da quite yadu a yankunan da yawa na rayuwar dan Adam. Polyurethane kumfa kumfa jirgin a kan tushen da polyurethane adversely shafi huhu, fata, da idanu. Faranti for rufi sanya na polyurethane kumfa, a cikin iska mai guba poliizotsoanatov fili iya haddasa alerji ko asma. Lokacin da mai tsanani PUF slabs dumama batura ko hasken rana selection polyisocyanate ƙaruwa.

A hali na wuta kumfa konewa da kuma fitarda mai guba gas, wanda shi ne ƙarin tushen hatsari da kuma barazana ga rayuwar. Duk da haka, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun} ara yin amfani da wadanda ba flammable iri polyurethane kumfa samu da gabatarwar a cikin abun da ke ciki na musamman Additives. Irin wannan polyurethane cutar da kiwon lafiya ne kusan ba cutarwa.

Saboda haka inda yake da gaskiya?

Polyurethane kumfa - abin da yake da shi? Cutar da shi, ko ya amfanar da? Wurare da dama da amfani da polyurethane kumfa a cikin daban-daban duniyoyin na rayuwar mutum ba ya bayar da wani tabbataccen amsar wannan tambaya. Domin gina masana'antu shi ne haƙĩƙa kyau, da kuma babba. An damar yin wata cakuda da kuma amfani da kumfa a rufe surface kai tsaye a kan yi site da kuma rage Associated halin kaka don ƙirƙirar monolithic kumfa-surface ba tare da gibba a lokacin taron da kuma thermal gadoji. Rufi na bututun, rufi na low-zazzabi bututun da kuma sinadaran masana'antu a lokacin da wuya ta yiwu tare da wannan ya dace, wanda ya samar da wani polyurethane kumfa.

Duk da haka, da yin amfani da wannan abu a cikin yi da dukiya ga mutane (da yara musamman) da yawa kwararru a wannan filin alama ba quite wajaba a kansa. Watsi da guba abubuwa iya samun mummunan tasiri a kan mutum kiwon lafiya. Ko kafin 2003 cikin gida samar da gyara da samar da polyurethane kumfa fasahar samar domin amfani na sosai maras tabbas ether mahadi. Yau, masana'antun suna da tabbaci cewa watsi da fasaha. A cikin 3 kwanaki bayan aikace-aikace na kayan yana da warware daga wani karamin adadin gas sauran bayan da dauki gyara, kuma shi ne tsabtace muhalli polyurethane kumfa sa'an nan.

A general, a kowane hali, kafin amfani da samfurin na polyurethane kumfa, shi wajibi ne don HIKIMA kusanci zuwa ga kimantawa da dukan "ribobi da fursunoni" da wannan abu a kowane fanni na rayuwa.