Mene ne jini, kowa ya san. Mun ga wannan a matsayin tareda žata fata, misali, idan yanka ko pricked. Mun san cewa shi ne lokacin farin ciki da kuma ja. Amma abin da shi ne a cikin jini? Yana sani ba kowa da kowa. A halin yanzu, da tsarin ne hadaddun da iri-irin. Wannan ba kawai a ja ruwa. Color shi imparts ba jini, da kuma uniform barbashi a shi. Bari mu ga, abin da yake mu jini.
Mene ne jini?
A gaba dayan girma na jini a jikin mutum za a iya kasu kashi biyu. Hakika, wannan rabo ne matukar. A kashi na farko - gefe, cewa shi ne wanda yake malala a cikin jijiyoyi, jijiyoyinmu da capillaries, na biyu - da jini wanda shi ne a cikin jini-forming gabobin da kyallen takarda. Babu shakka, shi ne ci gaba da kẽwayãwa ta cikin jiki, da kuma saboda yana da wani m rabuwa. Human jini da aka hada da biyu aka gyara - jini, da kuma kafa barbashi da suke a cikinta. Wannan ja da maikacin jini, da farin jini Kwayoyin da platelets. Sun bambanta daga juna ba wai kawai a tsarin, amma kuma ya yi aikin aiki a cikin jiki. Wasu barbashi mafi wasu kasa. Bugu da kari ga uniform aka gyara, daban-daban antibodies da sauran barbashi samu a jinin mutum. Yadda aka saba, jini ne bakarare. Amma a pathological tafiyar matakai na wani dauke da kwayar cutar yanayi yana yiwuwa a gano kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta. Saboda haka, abin da yake a cikin jini, kuma a cikin abin da rabbai ne aka gyara? Wannan tambaya ya dade da aka yi karatu, da kuma kimiyya da ainihin Figures. A cikin balagaggu mutum jini kanta adadin ne daga 50 zuwa 60%, da kuma kafa da aka gyara - daga 40 zuwa 50% na dukan jini. Yake da muhimmanci a san? Hakika, sanin yawan ja jini Kwayoyin ko farin jini cell count, za ka iya tantance kiwon lafiya na mutum. A rabo na kafa barbashi don jimlar jini girma da aka kira hematocrit. Mafi sau da yawa, an ba da hankali a kan duk aka gyara, da kuma kawai ja jini Kwayoyin. Wannan index aka ƙaddara ta amfani da wani kammala karatunsa gilashi tube a cikin abin da jini da aka sanya da kuma shi aka centrifuged. Kamar wancan ne m aka gyara nutse a kasa, da kuma jini, a maimakon haka, yakan. Jini kamar yadda exfoliates. Bayan da masu gyara na iya kawai lissafi abin kashi daukan daya ko sauran bangaren. A magani, wadannan gwaje-gwaje suna yadu amfani. Yanzu da suke yi a kan atomatik Hematology analyzers.
jini jini
Jini - ruwa ne mai jini bangaren, a cikin abin da aka dakatar Kwayoyin, sunadaran da sauran mahadi. A cewar ta, suna isa zuwa gabobin da kyallen takarda. Mene ne jini jini? Game da 85% - shi ne ruwa. Sauran 15% ne kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa. Har ila yau, da gas a cikin jini jini. Wannan, ba shakka, carbon dioxide da oxygen. A inorganic abubuwa asusu domin 3-4%. Wannan anions (PO 4 3-, HCO 3-, SO 4 2-) da kuma cations (MG 2+, K +, Na +). A organics (kamar 10%) ya kasu kashi nitrogen-free (cholesterol, glucose, lactate, phospholipids) da nitrogen-dauke da abubuwa (amino acid, sunadarai, urea). Kuma samu a cikin jini jini na ilimin aiki abubuwa: enzymes, hormones da kuma bitamin. Su asusu na game da 1%. A cikin sharuddan histology jini - wannan shi ne kome kamar intercellular ruwa.
erythrocytes
Saboda haka, abin da yake a cikin mutum jini? Bayan jini a cikinta, kuma an dimbin yawa barbashi. Red da maikacin jini, ko erythrocytes, mai yiwuwa ne mafi girma a kungiyar daga wadannan aka gyara. Red jini Kwayoyin a cikin balagagge jihar ba core. A siffar da suka yi kama da biconcave fayafai. su rai lokaci ne kwanaki 120, bayan da suka hallaka. Wannan na faruwa a cikin baƙin ciki da kuma hanta. A ja jini Kwayoyin dauke da muhimmanci gina jiki - haemoglobin. Yana taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a kan aiwatar da gas musayar. A cikin wadannan barbashi, oxygen kai da carbon dioxide. Shi ne gina jiki haemoglobin sa da jini ja.
platelets
Abin da yake a cikin jini na mutum, sai dai jini da kuma ja da maikacin jini? Ya ƙunshi platelets. Su na bayar da muhimmanci. Wadannan kananan maras makaman nukiliya Kwayoyin tare da diamita na 2-4 micrometer taka muhimmiyar rawa a thrombosis da homeostasis. Platelets ne faifai-kamar siffar. Sunã kẽwaya a cikin walwala a cikin jini. Amma su bayãnin hukuncin alama ne da ikon ya zama m zuwa jijiyoyin bugun gini rauni. Wancan ne primary aiki. Lokacin da rauni na jini jirgin ruwa bango suna da alaka da juna, "saka" lalacewa, kafa sosai m gudan jini wanda ya hana da jini ya kwarara. Platelets aka kafa bayan da fragmentation na ya fi girma magabata megakaryocytes. An same su a cikin bargo. Total megakaryocyte kafa daga daya zuwa 10 tysyach platelets. Wannan shi ne wani fairly manyan lambar. A rayuwa span na platelets ne 9 kwanaki. Hakika, za su iya tsira da kasa a matsayin mutu a lokacin blockage a wani jini jirgin ruwa lalacewa. Mazan platelets hargitse a cikin baƙin ciki da kuma a kan aiwatar da phagocytosis da hanta via Kupffer Kwayoyin.
leukocytes
Farin jini Kwayoyin, ko leukocytes - ne jamiái na rigakafi da tsarin. Wannan shi ne kawai barbashi na mutane da cewa wani bangare ne na jini, wanda zai iya barin jini da kuma shigar da kyallen takarda. Wannan ikon rayayye taimakawa ga cikar ta primary aiki - kariya da waje jamiái. Leukocytes lalata pathogenic sunadaran da sauran mahadi. Suna da hannu a rigakafi halayen, haka samar da T-Kwayoyin iya gane ƙwayoyin cuta, waje sunadaran da sauran abubuwa. Har ila yau lymphocytes ware B Kwayoyin samar antibodies da macrophages cin babbar pathogenic Kwayoyin. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a cikin ganewar asali da cututtuka na jini sani. Yana kara yawan farin jini Kwayoyin a shi ya nuna kumburi tasowa.
ulla gabobin
Saboda haka, bita da abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki na jini, bar zuwa ga gane inda ta core barbashi an kafa. Bã su da wani gajeren shiryayye rayuwa, don haka ka bukatar kullum sabunta su. Physiological farfadowa daga jini aka gyara bisa matakai na halakar tsohon Kwayoyin, saboda haka, samuwar sababbi. Yana auku a hematopoietic gabobin. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne wani mutum da bargo. An located in dogon kashi da kafafuwa. A jini da aka tace a cikin baƙin ciki da kuma hanta. Waɗannan jikuna ma da za'ayi ta immunological iko.