Plato jawabinsa, wanda dole ne ji kowane

"Hope - falke mafarki ..." Abin sha'awa, Plato - na farko Falsafa waɗanda ayyukansu sun tsira to mu lokacin, ba kawai a kawo sunayensu wurare, amma kuma gaba daya. Plato, wanda kalamai ne cike da hikima da basira, ba don kome ba wani almajiri na Socrates.

biography

A daidai ranar haihuwa na zamanin d Girkanci Falsafa wuya, amma masu bincike yarda a kan lokaci na 428-427 shekaru BC. e., dama a tsakiyar na Peloponnesian War. An yi imani da cewa Plato jawabinsa nakalto daga dukan duniya, da aka ba a haife shi a wani talakawa rana, da kuma rana ta haihuwar da Allah Apollo (bisa ga mythology). Plato aka haife zuwa wani aristocratic iyali, wanda tushen koma zuwa sarakunan Attica. Wasu Late tsufa Falsafa masu bincike rubuta cewa yaron yana kullum suna ciki.

Da farko malamin ya Cratylus, amma nan da nan ya faru sani da Socrates, wanda ya zama wani mažalli adadi ga Plato ta falsafa. Socrates aka samu a kusan dukan ayyukan marubucin, wanda aka rubuta a cikin wani nau'i na tattaunawa tsakanin real ko ƙagagge mutane. Lokacin da malaminsa ya mutu, da Falsafa tafi a kan tafiya. A Sicily, ya yi kokarin haifar da wani manufa jihar, mulki da hikima kawai, amma yunkurin ya m. Ba da da ewa, Plato koma zuwa Athens da kuma kafa wata makaranta - da Academy. Bisa al'ada, da zurfin tunani ya mutu akan ya birthday, suka binne shi a cikin Academy. Aka binne shi a karkashin sunan Aristokl ( "mafi kyau Tsarki ya tabbata"), wanda da zato ne ya real name.

The ayyukansu

Mene ne Plato rubuta? A zamanin d Girkanci Falsafa rubuta a yawan ayyukan da aka garwaya a cikin "Platonic jiki". Tarin ƙunshi dukkan records cewa suna hade da sunan masana falsafa tun tsufa. Plato kansa ba tsunduma a wani musamman ordering na ayyukan da ya yi, ga shi ya yi Aristophanes na Rum da kuma Thrasyllus. Littafi rubuce-rubucen na zamanin d Girkanci Falsafa, an maida shi musamman domin masu karatu Henri Etennom - Faransa philologist Hellenist na XVI karni.

ontology

Plato, wanda kalamai ne m ga wani iri-iri fannin rayuwa, da aka kafa, kuma goyon bayan da ke ƙunshe shugabanci. Abin da ake nufi? Wannan yana nufin cewa wani mutum zai iya kawai gaske zama ta hanyar ideas (Eidos). Da masu bincike ƙarasa da cewa, a karkashin ra'ayoyin na Falsafa yakan haifar da ba kawai da ra'ayi, amma kuma da manufar da dalilin zama. Ya soki ka'idar dualism dukan kõme, cewa duk abin da aka juna a duniya.

Shi yana biya mai girma da hankali ga Plato da ra'ayin mai kyau, wanda ba fun ko amfani, da kuma a can ne mai albarka, lalle ne. Wannan ra'ayi, ya kwatanta Sun, wanda shi ne mafi girma da knowable kyau.

Plato ta jawabinsa game da jihar

A ra'ayin na jihar dogara ne a kan uku main "ginshiƙai": shugabanni-falsafa, da sojoji da ma'aikata. Babban ra'ayin shi ne cewa jihar ya zama barga. Wannan za a iya cimma kawai a lokacin da mutane gudanar da wani kwamitin mai hikima falsafa, jihar ƙasa da aka kare da zai yiwu hare-hare a karfi da sojojin, da kuma hidima shi duka talakawa mutane. Wannan rabuwa da aikinsu, bisa ga Plato, shi ne mafi m, kuma daidai. Duk da cewa da ra'ayin ne sosai cancantar a gane ga ta lokaci, duk da haka Falsafa yi imanin cewa, farin ciki na mutum ne sun fi mayar da m to farin ciki na dukkan polis. Kuma duk da wannan, ya rubuta cewa: "Kula da farin ciki na wasu, mun sami namu" da kuma "Yadda mutane da yawa barorinka, haka da yawa makiya."

Abin da kuma yake a san Plato? A zamanin d Girkanci Falsafa, ɓullo da wani tsari na wani manufa tsarin:

• Class 4, wanda aka raba bisa ga dũkiyõyinku.
• rikitarwa management system.
• izini kudi, na sirri dukiya da kuma halittar iyalan mutane daga daban-daban na zamantakewa azuzuwan.
• m tsari da jihar a duk duniyoyin al'umma.

Plato ta jawabinsa game da rayuwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, da ma'anar rayuwar mutum dole ne a gudanar a Poznan. A daidai wannan lokaci ya kamata ta kasance kankare da m, kuma mafi janye, data kasance don kansa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa falsafar rayuwa - shi ne mafi kyau.

Zurfin tunani ya yi imanin cewa mutum rai ne shibtarsu ta uku ka'idodin: da hankali, fushi da kuma bege. A hankali o ƙarin ilimi da kuma m aiki. M farkon take kaiwa da mu shawo kan matsaloli da kuma cimma ake so. Na sha'awa mafi detrimental zuwa rai, kamar yadda bayyana a cikin m sha'awõyi: "Development of buoyancy dogara a kan m, amma barrantacce ne daga wasanni."

Biyan mai da hankali ga jiki rayuwa, da Falsafa ma nuna a kan zuciya. Ya na fitad da 4 daga cikin shawara a cikin ni'imar da mutum rai ne. Ya yi imanin cewa, bayan mutuwar mu rai ya ci gaba da zama a cikin wani daban-daban girma.

game da mutum

Plato shahara faxin wani mutum sau da yawa sosai shãfe rai - madawwamin kuma united. Ita ce ta craves ilimi da kuma "ya bukatar" su daga mutumin: "Man - wingless biped da lebur kusoshi, wanda ke tasirantuwa ga ilmi." Hadishi gane dualistic yanayin da mutum rai, akwai biyu sabani ka'idojin. "Winner" a lokaci guda shi kayyade nufin mutum. Ne mafiya cancantar raini wani mutum wanda aka fyauce a camfe.

Rungumar wannan labarin, ina so in ce da yawa daga Plato ta kalamai ne dacewa wa yau. Alal misali, shi ne: "A da kyau farko - shi ne riga rabin da yaƙi."

Lalle ne, wani lokacin daya kamata magana zuwa ga ciki murya, ba don rant game da abin da rai yake sulfur, maras ban sha'awa da kuma dreary. Plato jawabinsa da cewa taimaka wajen kalle abubuwa da yawa daban, ya yi ĩmãni da cewa shi zai ƙayyade makoman mutum.