Hadishi Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich: biography, taimako zuwa kimiyya, littattafan

Orientalist, Falsafa, masani, marubuci, da kuma kafa semiotic makaranta Pyatigorsk Alexander Moiseevich aka haife shi a Moscow a 1929. A lokacin yakin da aka kwashe zuwa Nizhny Tagil. Ya sauke karatu daga Moscow Jami'ar Jihar (Faculty of Falsafa), ya sanar da shekaru da yawa don a Stalingrad a makarantar sakandare, kuma daga shekarar 1956 ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Oriental Nazarin karkashin jagorancin Yu. N. Reriha, inda ya kare rubutun a kan tarihin na da wallafe-wallafe. Next Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich karatu semiotics a cikin binciken, University of Tartu.

Biography, littattafan

Garinsu domin Aleksandra Pyatigorskogo kasance ko da yaushe Moscow, cikin birni inda aka haife shi a Janairu 30, 1929. Iyalinsa aka ilimi da kuma fasaha, malchku ya ba wani mai kyau kwarai ilimi. The mahaifinsa, shahararren m steelmaker, domin shekaru masu yawa horar da a Jamus da Ingila a cikin shugabanci na Soviet gwamnati. Family ciyar da yaki a Nizhny Tagil, inda a cikin shekaru goma sha Aleksandr Pyatigorsky fara aiki a ma'aikata.

A shekarar 1951 ya sauke karatu daga Falsafa Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar da aka aika zuwa Stalingrad, inda ya sanar da a makaranta. A 1973, ya bar kasar, ya zaunar da a Ingila, inda ya lectured a Jami'ar London, kuma ya halarci daban-daban talabijin da rediyo da shirye-shirye. Ya rubuta da dama art littattafai da ya wallafa wani m adadin nasu tarin na kimiyya articles. Main ayyukan art a lissafin dake ƙasa.

• "The falsafar da titi." London 1989.
• "Ku tuna da m mutum." Moscow, 1999.
• "Tatsũniyõyi ne kuma Dreams". Moscow, 2001.
• "Ancient mutane a cikin birnin." Moscow, 2001.
• "A tunani da kuma kallon." Riga 2002.
• "Incessant hira." Moscow, 2004.
• "Free Falsafa Pyatigorsk". St. Petersburg, 2015.

iyali

The mahaifin na Falsafa Pyatigorsk - Musa Gdalevich Soviet protege, techie, wanda ba ya san duk game da karafa da kuma karfe, ya koyar a makarantar sakandare, ya bi kimiyya da kuma yi, to koya daga kwarewa a masana'antu a Jamus da Ingila. Af, ba wanda a cikin iyali, ciki har da Musa kansa Pyatigorsk, danniya ya ba ta kasance, duk da asalin, zamantakewa matsayi, kabila (Yahudawa) da kuma na dogon zauna kasashen waje. Mutumin da aka kan wani rai da kyau kiwon lafiya, kawai rabin shekara ba rayu har zuwa shẽkara ɗari. Idan aka kwatanta da ubansa, ya mutu matasa Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Kwanan wata haihuwa da kuma ranar mutuwa rabu da juna a tamanin da daya da shekaru. A tsohuwarsa ba daga masana kimiyya amma daga wani sosai sanannen iyali daga dũkiya, amma kuma, a cewar Alexander Moiseevich, "mutu matasa" - ta kasance kawai tamanin da bakwai.

Outdoor ayyuka

Tun daga shekarar 1960, shi ya fara buga littafinsa, na farko, a soavstorstve (ko marubucin sau da yawa bayyana kuma ga sauran rai). Tsunduma a cikin Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich da kuma kare hakkin dan Adam da ayyukan, a cikin shekaru 70 ya halarci gangamin goyon bayan DiSSiDENT motsi, ciki har da mahalarta - Ginzburg, Sinyavsky, Daniel. A 1973, ya ya iya yi hijira zuwa Jamus, sa'an nan - a cikin United Kingdom. Tare da sake fasalin kudin na Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich na fara samun lambobin yabo daga kasar, wanda ya bar game da shekara talatin da suka wuce (Andrei Bely Prize, saboda littafinsa "Ku tuna da m mutum", da kyauta na Cibiyar Falsafa na RAS).

Da kyau a san harsuna, musamman rare, kamar Sanskrit da Tibet yaruka, fassarawa Buddha da Hindu nassosi. Ya rubuta da dama litattafan da yawa na gudanar da bincike aikin a cikin wannan filin. Ya lectured a kan batutuwa na siyasa da falsafa a kusan ko'ina cikin duniya, da kasancewa wani farfesa a jami'ar London. An saka tauraro a cikin fim - "The farauta domin malam", "Hadishi tsere", "Clean iska your 'yanci," "Hitler, Stalin, da kuma Gurdjieff," "Shantrapa". Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky mutu a London a shekara ta 2009 daga zuciya rashin cin nasara.

addinin Buddha

"The falsafa babu wani amfani ga wani, da kuma cewa shi ne da darajar - don haka ya ce Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky -. Shi ne, saboda ta cancanci na kusa sosai da kuma dogon lokacin adam haše-haše." A cikin shekaru biyu kafin mutuwarsa, marubucin ziyarci Moscow makonni biyu sun karanta a cikin New tattalin arziki School laccoci a kan addinin Buddha falsafa. Dalibai koyi abubuwa da yawa. Game da yadda za intricately hadawa Buddhist sani da kuma kimiyya.

Alexander M. yawa laccoci sadaukar da India. An nan Ya kyautata ilmin lissafi: positional ƙirƙira ilimin lissafi, ya gabatar da yin amfani da sifili. Duk da haka, da makarantunsu da kimiyyar yanayin halitta a cikin Indiyawan akwai, tun da shugabanci na su sani, warai fahimta harsuna, Psychology, lissafi, shi ne sosai daban-daban daga, misali, Helenawa guda na Aristotle ta lokaci. Su ne ba haka sha'awar shiga cikin wani na'urar da kayan ciki na mutane da dabbobi. Har ila yau, 'yan daga gare su shagaltar da aka gyara daga duwãtsu, swamps da jungles. Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa wadda sosai vividly delineated a cikin wadannan ban sha'awa laccoci, aka gudanar da wani al'ada kamata ba yi da wani abu daya, saboda shi zai babu makawa kai ga degeneration na al'umma.

Down tare da inertia!

Hadishi Alexander Piatigorsky, wanda biography ne a hankali da alaka da nazari na Tibet da koyarwarsa, da tattaunawa ya wadãtu da ilmin kimiyya na halitta duniya a addinin Buddha. Daga cikin ra'ayi na Tibet lamas, broadly ilimi, ilmi yaruka da yawa na harshe, kazalika da Sanskrit, Mongolian, Sin, English, karanta yawa kimiyya littattafai, ko da Darwin, duk da ya baiwa, musamman a hankalce undeveloped. Amma wadanda wannan Birtaniya physicists da lissafi sun lamas kusa, kuma su m samu daga bakinsu, mafi girma rating.

Turai da masana falsafa da kuma masana tarihi, duk da cewa dukkan su sun soke ta hanyar malamai, sun kuma an gane da mediocre mutane. Development kamar yadda gane Falsafa Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, shi ne na farko, kuma farkon cikin 'yanci: na farko, da ikon samun da kansa amsar wannan tambaya, ko da kansa warware matsalar, kuma abu na biyu, da ikon nan da nan watsi da bambance-bambancen samu a cikin ni'imar da sabon. Wannan ne, ƙaryata, game da dukan duniya da zamantakewa da kuma na gama inertia. Modern halittar jini, lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, kuma, ya fara a hankali zo da irin wannan ganewarsu.

kayyade yanayin

Alexander Piatigorsky, wanda biography hada yawa tafiyarka tare da nazari da dama ontological postulates, yi imani da cewa shi ne a cikin goma sha bakwai karni, duk na Turai, ciki har da na halitta, kimiyya zo a cikin sabon da mafi m ga samu lokaci. Halittu, a matsayin masanin kimiyya, da farko ba free, bincike ana tilasta ta da wata babbar lambar ba da yanayin abubuwa, kuma domin sau da yawa ya fara "dance a kan kuka."

Amma masana falsafa ne free, an bã kõme ba Kada ka yi shakka, kuma za su iya fara daga duk wani batu na ilmi, wanda suka so. Bugu da kari, da masana falsafa ba latsa ƙarni-tsohon kafa axiom, saboda batun matsayin irin wannan, ko a jami'o'i ba a karatu. Ciki har da tsoho makarantu na falsafa.

zama

Karkashin falsafar Turai gabascin sun nuna dama, tauhidin, kuma daga baya Littafi Mai-Tsarki Nazarin, Yahudanci da Latin (as wani real harshe, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina har sai da Renaissance). Don wannan sa na ƙarshe kara magani. Duk wadannan agaji kimiyya, amma m falsafa ya ba daga gare su, da shi aka kafa a wannan zamanin. Kawai a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na sha takwas, akwai na farko kujera na ilimi falsafa a Edinburgh. Ga wani wuri a kan shi ya yi yaƙi da Dawuda Hume da Adam Smith. Kuma a sa'an nan ya tafi Kant, Fichte, Hegel, bayan wanda karshe ya ɗauki siffar na falsafa a matsayin wani batu na binciken. Amma mabiya addinin Buddha ko da yaushe philosophized kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin laccoci Alexander Piatigorsky. Wannan shi ne tushen ilimi.

ba wani kimiyya

Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, littattafan da aka yafi kishin falsafa, bã ya kõsãwa daga cewa shi ne, ba a cikin jerin high-sa kimiyya. Ya hakikance cewa falsafar - wannan ba wani kimiyya. "A pantheon daga kimiyya - ya rubuta - ya ne ba a tsaye matsayi, amma a wasu girma ko sarari cika da kome kuma, amma yana da inda al'adun wani wuri falsafa bautarka ...."

A karshen, babu wata falsafar, bil'adama za su iya tsira daidai. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, misali, game da magani.

A lissafi? A kimiyyar lissafi?

Ko kimiyyar lissafi, da bukatar da ta taso ne kawai a wasu nuna hankali, a lokacin da karin gishiri, da kuma ma'anar da kuma muhimmancin abin da shi yakan kawo wa mutane, bil'adama shi ne ba don haka wajibi, kamar yadda aka fiye zaci. Karshe ka'idar kimiyyar lissafi a ne da ba zai yiwu saboda aiwatar da tunanin in mutum ba zai iya zama tabbatacce. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, biography wanda aka hada da "na yau da kullum gani da kuma tunani a kan tunani" Ni tabbata cewa karshe ka'idar cewa haka so wajen samar da masana kimiyya da dama - wannan tomfoolery, kamar samar da cikakken adalci, karshe kuma duniya al'umma. Adam ya sha nanata biya dearly (gurguzu, misali), amma mutane ba zai isa idyll ba zai yiwu ga wannan Utopia. A nema ga unattainable nuna cewa Adam ba kawai a kan saman da ilimi capacities, amma, a maimakon haka, kusa da saman kamar yadda ya ci gaba da sanã'anta a fili impracticable sha'anin. Bisa ga Falsafa shi ne, ba dadi ba, kamar yadda daidai kamar yadda mafi muhimmanci rarrabẽwa na correctness - cewa shi ne inda ya je a kan hanyar da aka ban sha'awa.

fallasa postulates

M mutum, bisa ga Pyatigorsk, na iya zama wani Falsafa, amma shi ne musamman wuya. Babu ban sha'awa tunani ba ya fara daga karce. Wani mutum babu wata falsafar za a iya tsunduma ba tare da nasu falsafa. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, matar dukan mai girma kaunace bauta wa, duk da haka ki yarda kyau rabin falsafa damar iya yin komai.

Kamar yadda jãyayya gwarzo na mu labarin: mata, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne yafi wuya a doke da iska, da kuma cikakken m falsafa. Duk da haka, duka biyu maza ne ba dukkan shi ne peculiar. Wannan shi ne kullum a rare abu - da kuma tsakanin mata, kuma daga mutãne, kuma daga gare ta crocodiles. Don yin wannan, dole ka zama mahaukaci, kamar lokacin da na karshe kudi mutum sayayya a alewa, ba da gurasa. Falsafa - bin da ba babu shi, wanda shi ne mafi alhẽri daga kawai kyau. Kuma da cewa ya kamata mutane su yi farin ciki, m magana da kuma musamman cutarwa. Zai yiwu daya daga cikin 'yan real aiki na falsafa - ya hallaka irin wannan shirin na kowa postulates.

Harsuna, da kuma semiotics

Dangi zuwa kimiyya da ilimi Pyatigorsk rubuta da kuma yi magana musamman mai ban sha'awa. Alal misali, idan akwai. Hadishi farko Su tunãni a kan harshe, da kuma wa abõkinsa, saboda haka, falsafa da aka sosai da kakkarfan dangankata da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da kuma harsuna. Mutane da yawa jawabai fara magana da kalmomi: "a fili yake cewa ..." ko "kowa ya sani cewa ...". Wannan shi ne ƙarya. Babu wani abu a bayyane yake. Duk abin dogara a kan bukatunsu na mu "yi nufin-ba na so." Al'ada ga wani mutum - ba tsammani, kuma ba su san wani abu. Babu wannan ya ba tukuna mutu. Wanda, misali, yanzu na tuna da manyan masana ilimin harsuna daga cikin shahararrun a duk faɗin duniya, "Moscow ta gida"? Al'ada Rasha mutane ba wanda ya sani ba da sunayen: Starostin, Klimov, Yakovlev da Polivanov, Abaev ... Kuma a cikin West ambatarku Rasha, masana ilimin harsuna. Sun san kome da kome da Jacobson, Reformed, kuma Zalizniak. Akwai gidajen tarihi sadaukar da wadannan mutane, don sake tunani da Rasha harshe. Wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi kishin yawa laccoci ba a Rasha jami'o'i Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Photo wasu tarurruka da dalibai ne a haɗe.

Semiotics Alexander Piatigorsky aiki na musamman a matsayin Falsafa. Ko da yake ka'idar a cikin wannan yanki ya kasance ba, ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin kayan aiki don taimaka bijirar da matsaloli a makwabta kimiyyar. Ya yi imani cewa matsayin falsafa, shi ne m, a matsayin semiotics - wannan shi ne tsarki ka'idar, amma a kimiyya akwai wani abu mafi amfani da aikace-aikacen: m dokoki Yã prognozis gwaji. Nan da nan ya kayyade cewa semiotics iya taimaka gani a wani yanki.

A Harshe da dama

Mafi muhimmanci ma, Pyatigorsk kau da yawa na jargon a cikin jawabin na biyu Rasha da kuma Turanci dalibai. Kuma wanda iyaye - sosai ilimi mutanen da suka taso a wallafe-wallafen gwarzo. Kuma dai itace cewa da harshen, ce, a Rasha, da mafi kyau kiyaye dukan yara rabin ilimi mutane - factory shugaba injiniyoyi ko manyan bindigogi majors.

Ya gani da degeneration na harshe, ba kai da gindi da kuma daga saman, ciki har da jami'a, da kuma buga misalai da yawa daga nasu kwarewa. Philosophize yawanci mutanen da suke da dama. A mafi kyau gabascin aka samu daga waɗanda suka yi mai yawa free lokaci. Haka ya shafi al'adu da kuma kimiyya, wanda shi ne ma ba zai yiwu ba a yi gaskiya a kan gudu. Bukatar kocin baya, maimakon wani zamani Superjet.

bit da wani sirri

Bayan hijira zuwa London a farkon 70s, ya rubuta cewa zalunci a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a dangane da shi - da labari, maganar banza kuma ba gaskiya ba ne. Ya kawai ya so ya rayu a duniya, amma ba a cikin wannan kasar. Kuma shi ya faru. Ya bar Falsafa tare da dansa, daga farko aure da yaro daga na biyu. Sun matarsa, riga ciki sake, ya ma kusa. Bayan wani gajeren lokaci, da kuma mahaifansa biyu koma London iyali. Sa'an nan, ya yi aure a bisa uku lokaci da kuma fara kawo da yawa jikoki. Ga wannan Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich. Personal rai da aka kashe a juna soyayya da duk matansu da rarrabe janar iyali alheri, duk da mahara aure. Kila ta dalilin Welfare karfe sõyayya da lamarinsa.