Peregrine Bird: description da kuma hotuna

Bird shaho yada a kan dukkan nahiyoyi fãce Antarctica. A size of shi da wani m hankaka, amma akwai isasshen manyan mutane. Ka yi la'akari da kara daga cikin da aka sani feathered fauna.

Peregrine: description

An halin allo tas-m duhu launin gashi a kan bãyayyakinsu, mai haske m ciki. The sama na shugaban ne baki. A total akwai 17 subspecies tsuntsaye. Sun bambanta a size da kuma launi siffofin. Speed Peregrine Falcon ganiya kan 322 km / h. Duk da haka, a cikin wani kwance motsi, ya yace Swifts. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa shi ne gaggafa. Peregrine Falcon nasa ne a daban-daban iyali. A jima'i balaga da aka kai 2 shekaru. By ma'aurata dage dukan rayuwarsa. Nesting Peregrine wuce a kan da na fi ridges, a m dutse, a rare lokuta - a kan dutse Tsarin (zana hotunan da kuma rufi na tsayi gine-gine, gadoji, kararrawa, da dai sauransu) da kuma bumps a kan gansakuka bogs.

farauta

Peregrine Falcon - wata dabba da cewa a cikin search for wadanda ke fama da tsare-tsaren a cikin sama, kõ kuwa zaune a kan wani perch. Lokacin da shi detects hadaya, ya tashi sama da shi, kuma yake kurme saukar. peregrine shaho jirgin ne don haka m cewa samar da ba shi da lokaci tserewa. Lokacin da ya kama up tare da azabtar, bugawa ta tangential kafafu folded, guga man ga jiki. Bird shaho haka swipes ganima talons cewa har ma da shugaban zai iya karya da babban game. Predator ke farauta ita, yawanci a kan starlings, ducks, tattabarai. Its wadanda su ne yafi matsakaici-sized ruwa tsuntsaye ko waterfowl jinsunan. Qalilan ne abincinsa ne kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

yawan

Bird shaho ne a yau dauke da wani rare jinsuna. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta riga kananan alƙarya fara samun koma baya gunaguni ƙwarai. Wannan ya fi mayar saboda da tattalin arziki da yin amfani da DDT da wasu magungunan kashe qwari da shafi a kan fetal ci gaba. A musamman, daga 1940 zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 1960 yawan gaba daya bace a gabashin Amurka, da kuma West ya rage da 80-90%. A wannan halin da ake ciki da aka lura a Yammacin Turai ƙasa. A manyan suka tsaya a shirya a yankin wuri. By 1970 shekara, saboda gaskiyar cewa yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da aka dakatar, kazalika ta hanyar bullo da muhalli shirye-shirye, da yawan tsuntsaye da aka hankali mayar. Wannan jinsin aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi na Rasha Federation matsayin karamin size, kuma shi ne a karo na biyu category. Shafi na buga a duniya dakatar da sayar da wadannan tsuntsaye.

waje siffofin

Peregrine Falcon tsuntsu ne dauke da manyan. Its jiki yana da tsawon 34-50 cm. A ikon yinsa, daga fukafukinsa kai 80-120 cm. Mãtã zahiri ya fi girma fiye maza. Suka ku yi awo game da 910-1500 grams. Maza ne game da daya bisa uku na su karami. Su nauyi - 440-750 grams. Jima'i dimorphism ba da aka bayyana a launi. An togiya ne dauke F. p. madens (rare subtype), cikinsa da mace da namiji duba m. A general jiki tsuntsaye da karfi isa, wanda shine na hali na aiki da yara. Bã su da wani m kirji tare da shahararren kuma da wuya tsokoki, da karfi yatsunsu, kusoshi wanda sharply lankwasa. A baki ne gajere, mai lankwasa lauje. A manya, a kan babba sashi na jiki akwai indistinct duhu mai gangara ratsi. A iyakar da peregrine shaho baki fuka-fuki. A ciki ne yawanci haske. Dangane da yankin, zai iya zama ruwan hoda, da launin toka da fari, ocher ko m tare da baki da kuma na bakin ciki ruwan kasa mai gangara speckles. Su ma yanzu a kan sãsanninsu, kuma undertail. Zane da suke a kan kirji, suna a cikin nau'i na saukad. A wutsiya ne kunkuntar da kuma tsawo, a karshen wani kwana. Head a saman rabo da gashin tsuntsu kwana tsakanin baki da makogwaro baki. A ƙananan ɓangare na makogwaro da kai - mai haske - m ko fari. Peregrine shaho idanu bulging da kuma manyan, duhu launin ruwan kasa. Suna kewaye da wani zobe na danda fata. Da kafafu da kuma baki ne baki, cere - rawaya. A karshen daga cikin manya kashin dadashinsu suna located hakora. Su peregrine ganima cizon wuyansa. Ciki fil kafafu ne ya fi guntu fiye da matsanancin da kuma tsakiyar - dogon kashi. Juveniles bambanta softer plumage. A na sama na jikinsu da ocher ruwan kasa gefuna da sutura, da kuma saman - haske. Cere yana da wani bluish-m tint. Kafafu da rawaya da tsuntsaye.

murya

Creek peregrine bambanta. Domin jawo hankalin da hankali da kuma sadarwa ta samar kaifi sauti "keeek-keeek-keeek" ko "Kyaka-Kyaka-Kyaka". Tare da damuwa vocalization m da kuma sauri. Ya vocalizes "gefe-gefe-gefe". A cikin ma'abota kakar namiji da mace za su iya sadarwa m disyllabic ihu "uu-guntu." Sauran lokacin, su ne yawanci shiru.

yankin

Peregrine shaho, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kokarin zabi wuraren da m da mutane. Ya fi son su zauna a kan m gaba daban-daban ruwa jikuna (ciki da kuma na waje). The most yawan tsuntsaye lura a duwãtsu, a cikin kwari na gudãna. A wadannan wurare, da yanayi na waddan mafi kyau duka. A duwãtsu peregrine yawanci settles a kan kankara. A cikin gandun daji area za a iya samu tare da cliffs na gudãna, a kan manyan gansakuka bogs ko a kan fi bishiyoyi, inda ya mamaye da haihuwa sheƙarsu na sauran tsuntsaye. Ko da abin da ƙasa da shi nã zãɓen Peregrine da kuma kusa da akwai ko da yaushe wani wetland yankin. Its yankin kudi ne a kalla 10 sq. m. A Peregrine Falcon yana kokarin ba zuwa gida, a yankunan na duhu m itace, kazalika da manyan ba unguwannin gandun daji. Wani lokaci (da wuya a 'yan shekarun nan) a matsayin wurin da mazauninsu da ya so ƙauyuka, ciki har da manyan. Alal misali, an gano cewa, a cikin tights a tsibirin a cikin Moscow Peregrine zauna a kowace shekara a lokacin daga 1927 zuwa 1941-th, sa'an nan a shekarar 1963. A birnin ya shirya sheƙarsu a rassanta-gine, majami'u da kuma da sauran fannin jiki. Ga 2008, an gano cewa daya kawai biyu daga tsuntsãye nesting a cikin babban gini na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar.

hanyar rayuwa

Ya mafi yawa masu zama a gida. Wani lokaci, a lokacin sanyi kakar, suka koma a takaice nisa. Isa mafi ƙarfinsa, maza kamar yadda zai yiwu, kokarin zauna kusa da nesting yankunan ko'ina cikin shekara. A subarctic kuma Arctic canjin yanayin peregrine sa yanayi na hijira a tsawon nisa. A cewar lura da masana, da tsuntsaye, nesting a Greenland a cikin hunturu za a iya isa kudancin yankunan da ta Kudu Amurka nahiyar. A Rasha, da peregrine shaho sheƙarsu ba kawai a cikin steppe yankunan Yammacin Siberia da Volga yankin. Ana iya gani a can a lokacin yanayi hijirarsa.

ikon Features

Peregrine Falcon ci kawai kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized tsuntsaye: sparrows, ducks, starlings, gauraka suna kiyaye da sauransu. A general, shi ne ba halayyar da aka makala wasu iri. Ya rage cin abinci dabam, dangane da samuwa, wanda shi ne halayyar wani musamman ƙasa. Har ila yau, da tsuntsaye, da samar da wani lokacin zama kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kamar zomaye da squirrels, jemagu. Yana kuma ciyarwa a kan kwari da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Tundra (Siberian) Peregrine a kai a kai ke farauta ita voles, ƙasa squirrels, lemmings. A wasu lokuta, suka yi har na uku na rage cin abinci. Babban aiki na peregrine bikin a da sãfe da marece. Hakar advantageously riƙo a lokacin motsi. Wannan sau da yawa farautar tsuntsaye a nau'i-nau'i, gangarawa zuwa cikin wanda aka azabtar a nuna.

A ƙayyadaddu na hari

Noticing ganima, peregrine shaho ne sosai sauri da kuma sosai soars. Sa'an nan kuma ya folds da fuka-fuki kuma kusan a wata dama kwana saukar sharply saukar. Ya o ƙarin tabbatar da cutar da aka azabtar paws m. Daga bugawa da shugaban zai iya tashi kashe ko yage ciki samar. Idan ya ba da karfi isa, da peregrine kammala hadaya, cije wuyansa. Tare da ganima da ta fito a kan wani tsauni, inda shi ci. Ba kamar sauran yara, peregrine shaho bar dukan kai da fuka-fuki kuma a wasu lokuta, wanda aka azabtar ya ƙafafunsa.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda aka ce a sama, da peregrine shaho ya ko da yaushe aka dauke da wani m tsuntsu, duk da cewa shi ne da saba da daban-daban yanayin da wuri mai faɗi yanayi. A halin yanzu shi ne yawan matsayin dukan zauna barga. A wasu yankuna, duk da haka, akwai kananan hawa da sauka a cikin yawan ko cikakken bacewar wani nau'in mazauninsu. A hatsari ga ci gaba da kuma tabbatarwa da peregrine shaho yawan a barga matakin, sai dai sunadarai, yana da gasar tare da saker Falcons. Bugu da kari, korau dalilai ne: rashin yankunan dace da nesting, farautar, al'adu wuri mai faɗi canje-canje. Wasu tashin hankali kuma iya sa daji da yara da cewa halakar da sheƙarsu. Wadannan da farko hada martens, Foxes, owls. Peregrine Falcons ji da kyau a wuraren dake kusa da mutum habitation. Duk da haka, da} arfin adam da hankali, su iya samun rashin jin daɗi.