Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich: biography, iyali

Sunan wani shahararren Soviet da kuma Rasha mawãƙi da Bard Bulat Okudzhava saba, idan ba dukan, sa'an nan mafi. Duk da haka, ba yawa da aka sani ga ban tausayi labarin na rayuwa da mahaifansa biyu; A halin yanzu Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich a lokaci daya ya daya daga cikin masu shirya na Jojiyanci Sun kwaminis League, da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bunkasa masana'antu na Urals iko.

zuri'a

Kakan Shalva Okudzhava kira Paul Peremushev uwa ta gefe. Ya koma Jojiya a tsakiyar karni na 19th. An sani cewa a lokacin da AP Peremushev riga bauta shekaru 25 a recruits da kuma bayan sabis samu rabo a Kutaisi. Akwai daban-daban, ra'ayin game da asalin. Bisa ga ya fi na kowa, shi ne ko dai Rasha ko Mordvinian. Wasu masu bincike suna karkata zuwa la'akari da shi Bayahude ne daga cantonments. A Kutaisi P. Peremushev ya fara aiki a matsayin wani tela da da ewa ba aure zuwa Jojiya ta Salome Medzmariashvili. Ya yi mata uku, da babba wanda - Elizabeth - ya zama matar wani magatakarda Stepan Okudzhava. A wannan aure da aka haife takwas yara.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich aka haife shi a Agusta 1901. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 10 da haihuwa, ya aka karɓa don nazarin a gentry Gymnasium na Kutaisi. A cikin shekaru 16 da shekaru Shalva shiga yunkuri, wadannan da misali da mazan 'yan'uwa Nicholas kuma Michael, da suke aiki mahalarta a anti-gwamnatin ayyuka a cikin kwanaki na Fabrairu juyin juya halin.

Jam'iyyar aiki

A 1918 Shalva Okudjava shiga cikin RCP (B) da kuma a madadin jam'iyyar tsunduma a cikin Komsomol kungiyar a Georgia. Daga wannan lokaci zuwa 1921, lokacin da Soviet ikon da aka kafa a kasar, ya kasance a ɓoye da kuma ƙware da kimiyya na gwagwarmayar siyasa. Bayan Shalva Okudzhava aka nada shugaban Kutaisi lardin na Komsomol, da kuma a 1921 ya aka ciyar da su zama shugaban kungiya sashen na kwamitin tsakiya na Komsomol na Georgia.

a Moscow

A 1921 Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich an zabe a wakili zuwa Congress na Comintern da ziyararsa ta farko zuwa Moscow. A lokacin daya daga cikin zaman da taro da aka yi da Vladimir Lenin wani rahoto game da sabon tattalin arziki siyasa. Ya sanya mai zurfi ra'ayi a kan matasa gurguzu, wanda hakan ya sa a so da aiwatar da harkoki da suka shafi ci gaban da tattalin arzikin matasa Soviet jihar. Don wannan karshen, Shalva Okudzhava zauna a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma shiga Faculty of Economics na farko, a Jami'ar Jihar. Duk da yake karatu a cikin babban birnin kasar, ya gana da Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandian, wanda ya zo dangi zuwa sanannen mawãƙi Vahan Teryan. The matasa fadi cikin soyayya da da ewa ba aure. A May 1924 da suka yi da dan - Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava.

a Tbilisi

Jim kadan bayan haihuwar danta Shalva Okudzhava aka gaggawa kirã su zuwa ga Tbilisi as Jojiyanci jam'iyyar kungiyar kuma yana bukatar ilimi da ma'aikata. A Disamba 1924 aka nada shugaban sashen na agitation da kuma farfaganda na Tiflis City Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, wani kwamishinan shi ne Jojiyanci soja umurnin makaranta bayan 2 years. Sa'an nan, a cikin shekara ta 1929, Shalva Stepanovich aka aika zuwa karatu a cikin babban birnin kasar, inda ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Markisanci-Leninism. Bayan ya sake mahaifarsa yana da shekaru 30 da shekaru, matasa kwaminisanci da aka nada sakataren kwamitin jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta City, kuma an zabe memba na kwamitin tsakiya na Georgia.

Hulda da Beriya

Duk da cewa zahiri a rayuwa Shalva Okudjava shi fiye da kyau, a gaskiya, a kansa, daga girgije aka tara. Idan a farkon ya aiki, ya kasance a karkashin laimar da Sergo Ordzhonikidze, sa'an nan bayan Georgia zama Commissar Beriya, da halin da ake ciki canja da cika fuska. Gaskiya da akida Okudjava akai-akai magana daga sharply da ta ma'aikata da manufofin. Akwai kuma jita-jita cewa Lavrenty Pavlovich ya ba ruwanta da Ashkhen, wanda aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau mata a cikin Jojiyanci babban birnin kasar na wancan lokaci. A karshen Okudzhava na gane cewa shi ne mafi alhẽri su bar Tiflis, kuma ya tafi tare da iyali to Moscow. Akwai ya miƙa wani matsayi a Nizhny Tagil, wanda ya gladly yarda.

Urals

A Mafarin da nada Okudzhavy da post na sakatare na kwamitin jam'iyyar Kwaminis Uralvagonstroya a Nizhny Tagil zama Sergo Ordzhonikidze, yaba wa kwarewa da kuma kasuwanci acumen. A watan Fabrairu 1934, Ordzhonikidze zama wakili zuwa 17th jam'iyyar Congress, kuma a shekara daga baya ya yi wani sabon post - 1st sakataren Nizhny Tagil birni kwamitin na CPSU (b). Mun gode wa aikin inganta yanayin aiki da akai-akai lura Ordzhonikidze, sau da yawa ya zo duba gina Uralvagonzavod.

tsaro

Fabrairu 18, 1937 da ma'aikata na NKVD Tagil kai hari Apartment inda ya rayu Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. By wani bakon daidaituwa, a kan wannan rana a birnin Moscow, an harbe ta hannun abokinsa da ya zama majiɓinci na Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

Okudzhava ya dade fahimci inevitability na farautarsa. A waɗannan kwanaki, wani zai iya aika zuwa sansanonin ba tare da wani dalili, da kuma Okudzhava ya da Achilles 'diddige -' yan'uwa counterrevolutionaries cewa bayan da shela Soviet da iko a Georgia, shiga hagu-reshe 'yan adawa. Ko da yake sun yi sau daya tashi mahada, a shekarar 1936, an sake kama shi da laifin Trotskyism.

Kama Director Uralvagonstroy L. Maryasin shuka ba "shaida", bisa ga abin da ya Okudjava kokarin kisa Sergo Ordzhonikidze a lokacin da ya kai ziyara Nizhny Tagil. Wannan ƙarya la'anta a cikin 1937 da aka tsanani isa, tambaya na ceto zai iya zama ya fi tsayi, musamman saboda shi ne mai iyali da aka jera a cikin sirri makiyan Lavrenty Beriya.

Shalva Okudzhava bayyana a cikin jerin mutanen da suke magana zuwa "da danniya na farko category." A jam'iyyar jargon na lokacin wannan wording nufi da cewa fursuna za a harbe. The daftarin aiki a kan wannan aka kwanan rana Afrilu 1, 1937, da kuma a karkashin shi sun Stalin ta sa hannu, Molotov da Kaganovich. A jumla da aka kashe a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1937.

A rabo daga dangi

Bayan kama shugaban na iyali na matarsa, wanda a wancan lokaci ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren District Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a Nizhny Tagil, 'ya'yan (Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava da kuma Victor, haife shi a 1934), kazalika da tsofaffi uwa koma Moscow da ya rayu a kabilu Apartment a kan Arbat. Akwai su koya cewa harbi ne ma kawun nan gaba daga cikin shahararrun Bard. Family masĩfa bai kawo karshen akwai, da kuma a shekara ta 1938 Okudzhava mahaifiyar aka kama a Moscow, kuma shi aka aika zuwa Karlag. Ta koma birnin kawai a shekarar 1947.

Trotskyism aka zargi da 'yar'uwa Shalva - Olga Okudzhava. Yarinyar mace matar sanannen Jojiyanci mawãƙi Galaktion Tabidze. A lokacin ta kama shi, ta kasance tsanani da rashin lafiya, amma cewa bai dakatar da NKVD aika ta zuwa gudun hijira. Olga ta yawo daga daya kurkuku har sai da ta kasance a cikin Orel. Satumba 11, 1941 mace, kazalika da fiye da 150 fursunoni, da NKVD harbe a Medvedev daji, wanda shi ne 'yan kilomita arewacin birnin.

Bayan rasuwar Iosifa Stalina matar Shalva Okudzhava ya zama duk yana nufin a cimma fi mijinta. Wannan ta gudanar kawai farashin gagarumin} o} arin a 1956. A wannan yanayin, aka tambaye tsohon mambobi ne na birni kwamitin na Nizhny Tagil da kuma mazauna birnin, ya tabbatar da rashin laifi na mijinta.

Yanzu ka san wanda ya kasance da yadda ya mutu Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. Matar wani gamsu kwaminisanci - Ashkhen Nalbandian - ma ya zama wani wanda aka azabtar da Stalin ta danniya, da dan, Bulat da sauran rayuwarsa fuskantar wani tunanin zafi, ƙarfafu da ban tausayi rabo daga iyayensu.