Numfashi Wasu rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

A duniyar halittu masu rai cewa populate duniya tamu, shi ne musamman bambancin. Wasu daga cikin su suna samuwa ne kawai a wani ruwa-ruwa yanayi, da sauran bangare na rayuwa saba da rike da ruwa, da kuma wasu - a kan ƙasar. Kuma kowane irin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta saba da mazauninsu. Numfashi gabobin dabbobi ne daban-daban, da kuma irin da tsarin dogara ba kawai a kan inda suke zaune, amma kuma a kan wuya daga cikin jiki na na'urar.

A mafi sauki da kuma m dabbobi - ne guda-celled, wanda sun hada da, misali, wani amoeba, ciliate-takalma, sporozoans. Su numfashi tsarin ba kafa. Su numfashi oxygen wadda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa. Wannan, bi da bi, shiga jiki ta hanyar da surface na jiki via osmosis.

A coelenterates (Sponges, hydra, jellyfish, murjãni), wanda ya kasance a cikin kwayar dabbobi, da numfashin kuma na faruwa ne ta jiki surface. Wannan ya nuna m dabiu coelenterates tsarin.

Mai ba parasitic tsutsotsi numfashi fata, wato, oxygen ratsa ta cikin fata, amma ruwa annelids akwai musamman gabobin da numfasawa - gills. A gills suna tuba dorsal cirrus ko parapodium. Parasitic tsutsotsi (flukes, zagaye) ba numfashi, su anaerobic numfasawa.

By da irin arthropod hada da babban yawan kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa, a duk yanayin, sabili da haka numfashi tsarin sun bambanta. A nazarin sasannin arthropod (gizo-gizo, da kunamai, kwari) , da Special numfashi gabobin - huhu bags, trachea, huhu.

Kunamai da gizo-gizo m numfashin a kudi na huhu sacs. Wannan zurfafa daga cikin kogon ciki, wanda suna cike da hemolymph da kuma dauke da yawa leaf farantin. Ta hanyar ganuwar wadannan faranti gas musayar auku, oxygen shiga cikin jakar ta hanyar da na huhu spiracles, wanda suke a cikin ciki. Mafi gizo-gizo ne a lokaci guda da kuma huhu da kuma trachea.

Trachea - wani bakin ciki tube, iya shiga jikin dabba. Ta hanyar ramukan aka buɗe trachea zuwa waje, na farko kashi na ciki. Huhu da m tsarin, sabili da haka mafi saba da trachea numfashi na yanayi oxygen.

Numfashi gabobin da kwari - shi ke kuma da trachea, Alhlulbaiti dukan jiki. Suka ze reshe fita, enveloping ciki gabobin na dabba. Tracheal karshen fi bakin ciki shambura - tracheoles cewa, shiga cikin Kwayoyin. kwaro tracheal yardar kaina sadarwa tare da yanayi, amma a burinsu su da reflex inji ta hanyar abin da ruwa asarar da aka rage a lokacin da kwari, gudu.

Arthropod wanda zauna cikin ruwa (crayfish, crabs, daphnia, kofaton crabs) numfashi via dermal gills. Wadannan gills ne a kan dabba ta wata gabar jiki, da kuma samun babban adadin bakin ciki faranti, ta hanyar abin da gas musayar faruwa. A ƙasar dabba ne har yanzu da rai, kamar yadda dai wadannan faranti an wetted da ruwa.

Numfashi Shellfish iya zama gills da kuma huhu. Numfashi sauki ƙasar, ko ruwa tare gastropods. Alkyabbar rami na dodon kodi a cikin tsarin juyin halitta ya zama da sauki. Wannan haske na da numfashi rami wanda aka haɗa tare da yanayi da kuma za a iya rufe.

Ruwa tare gastropods numfashi na yanayi iska, ga inhalation suka tashi zuwa surface. Ganuwar da amarya densely huhu jini, tun a nan da jini da aka wadãtar da oxygen da aka saki da kuma carbon dioxide. Clams numfashi ta amfani da gills. Gills Grid farantin an rufe tare da ciliated epithelium. Ta wurin aikin na cilia na ciliated epithelium daukan wuri a cikin ruwa mashiga alkyabbar kogo. Wannan ruwa ya zo da oxygen, wanda aka oxidized a cikin gills. Tun da oxygen da kuma gina jiki ciyar a cikin jiki, da kuma bazuwar kayayyakin, tare da carbon dioxide ne fitarwa ta hanyar wani siphon alkyabbar kogo.