Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: Cathedrals, hasumiya, tarihi

Nizhny Novgorod - wani gari tare da kusan ɗari takwas arziki a cikin daban-daban events a tarihi. Located a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Volga da Oka, ya ya kasance kullum daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci al'adu, da tattalin arziki da kuma harkokin sufuri cibiyoyin a Rasha. Fiye da sau daya, birnin aiki a matsayin karfi na jihar, kare kasar daga waje makiya. Duk da wannan gudummawar da cewa yanzu Nizhny Novgorod cike da ban sha'awa gani da kuma tunawa wurare. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne sanannen tsoho kagara.

labarin

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin fara da za a gina a game da 1500, ya karshe an gina a 1515 tsari ne mai biyu-kilometer bango, wanda aka goyan bayan goma sha uku hasumiyarki. Daya daga cikinsu - Zachatskaya - bai tsira zuwa yau.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, wanda aka ma kira birnin, birnin na dutse, da na dindindin sansanin, kazalika da wani m manyan bindigogi da makamai. Volga sansanin soja halitta Muscovy matsayin babban reference batu, tsara yin tsayayya da Kazan Khanate. Ratna domin sabis Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin msa yawa kai hare-hare da kuma sieges.

A karshe page a cikin fama rikodin na Volga sansanin soja da aka rubuta a cikin farkon 17th karni. Wannan shi ne lokaci na kasashen waje da kuma manyan feats na Nizhny Novgorod mayakan, wadda aka jagorancin Kuzma Minin da Dmitry Pozharsky.

description

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ne mai tsaron gida na da gine-gine. An located jera a kan lebur saman All Mountain da kuma a kan sãsanninta, (arewa maso yammacin).

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (photo za ka iya gani a kasa) da aka located a kan wani yanki na 22,7 kadada. A ake kira dutse birni yana da wani m m size. Its kewaye shi ne 2045 mita. M a baya ga abokan gaba da ganuwar da tsawo na goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha biyar mita. A lokaci guda su ne ma sosai m.

A kauri daga cikin ganuwar ne uku da rabi zuwa hudu da rabi mita. Tare da kewaye na dutse biranen da aka gina tsaron gida hasumiyarki. Yadda yawa hasumiyai a Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin? Da farko, da akwai guda goma sha uku. A halin yanzu goma sha biyu na tsira. Names for hasumiya da aka zaba bisa ga amfani da manufa, ko da sunan nan kusa da gine-gine.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) na kafuwar yana a cikin ƙasa Cathedrals, wanda shi ne babban birni. Daga cikin su da Mala'iku Michael, kazalika da Ruhu Mai Transfiguration. The "dutse birni" akwai da dama Ikklesiya majami'u. Akwai episcopal da grand manyan gidãje, kazalika da dama gidajen lama.

Location tsaron gida hasumiyai

Idan ka familiarize kanka da shirin da sarkar na fortifications, za ka ga cewa yana da wani sababbu polygon located a sasanninta na hasumiyarki. Bã su da wani abu a zamanin da, da kuma taka rawar da tsaron gida hasumiyarki. A makirci na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin sassarfa mana da sunayen hasumiya. Lokacin da kyan gani a kewaye iri na agogo shugabanci, na farko daga cikinsu - Dimitiriyas (Dmitrov). Wannan shi ne babban hasumiya. Ina mai suna shi a cikin girmamawa ga mai girma Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich na Nizhny Novgorod, wanda ya yi mulki a cikin 14th karni.

Wani makirci ne da hasumiyar da sunan Storage. Yana da aka yi amfani a matsayin ajiya wuri. Next kofa ga yanzu-rusasshiyar Posad Nikolskaya coci Nikolskaya Tower da aka gina.

Next hasumiya - rocker - buga mana da wani zane labeled Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. A tarihin wannan gini ya gaya labarin game da zargin binne shi a wannan wuri na almara matasa mace da karkiya. A karo na biyar hasumiya - Taynitskaya. Sunan hasumiyar da aka saboda located in ta m nassi manyan zuwa Pochaye kogin. A arewacin hasumiya ne, Iliya.

Ba da nisa daga gare ta ne Church of Iliya Annabi. Amma duk da haka wannan hasumiya da aka kira da ta Gwargwadon wuri - Arewa. Duk a kan hasumiya a cikin 16th karni. Mun kafa nan kowane lokaci.

Ivanovo hasumiya dab da wani yanzu hasãra coci Ioanna Predtechi. White aka mai suna tsaron gida hasumiya saboda ta fari dutse cladding, wanda kewaye da matsanancin facade a ƙasa. St. George ta hasumiyar da aka gina a kusa da yanzu-rusasshiyar St. George ta coci, da kuma a cikin Foda adana foda da kuma da dama daga ammonium.

Dalilin da Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

Bayan fall Kazan, ta soja muhimmanci Volga sansanin soja rasa. Daga baya ya zama administrative cibiyar for a sararin unguwa. Da karkararta aka aukacin bukka. Yana da aka located a cikin dutse birni vicegeral da kuma gwamnatin lardin.

Yau Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin - a al'adu da kuma administrative tsakiyar birnin. A da karkararta suna located ginin shiyya da kuma birni gwamnati, kazalika da wakilin shugaban kasar Rasha a cikin Volga Tarayya District. Masu ziyara daga cikin tsohon kufaifan yayi rangadin da Art Museum da gidan kayan gargajiya na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Yana located a kan ƙasa na zamanin d dutse birni da kuma Cibiyar Littafi Art.

Dimitiriyas hasumiya

Main tsaron gida Nizhegorodsky Kremlin hasumiya a gina a cikin tsakiyar rabo upland. Its facade fuskantar da semicircular ɓangare na square, mai suna a cikin girmamawa Minin da Pozharsky.

Dimitiriyas hasumiyar Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin tun da yi taka rawar da babban ƙofar sansanin soja. Ta kasance ma da tsakiyar cibiya na dukan upland yanki na tsaro. Da rawar da haddasa aka tabbatar da hasumiyar da wani radially-concentric tsara birnin. Gaskiyar ita ce, daga ƙofar hasumiyar Dmitrievskaya baya haskaka tituna. Daga cikin su Ulyanov, Alekseevskaya jahiliya da Great Ceto.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, tarihin wanda aka dauke a cikin zamanin da tarihin, ya fara ta zama tare da daidai erection hasumiyar. Wannan aka tabbatar tsira da shirin gaskiya kafofin.

A 17th karni. Dimitiriyas hasumiyar da gagarumin armaments. A cikin sharuddan lambobi, shi ta fi gaban dukkan sauran tsaron gida hasumiyarki. Fama kayan aiki a can har 1705. Daga bisani, a cikin marigayi 18th - farkon 19th ƙarni. Dimitiriyas hasumiya aiki a matsayin wani wuri na jeri na Garrison makaranta. Yana nan housed lardin archives, kuma daga 1896 zuwa 1919 - gidan kayan gargajiya tare da art-tarihi farfado. A lokacin Soviet lokaci a cikin hasumiyar babba lokaci aiki shuka samar da shimfidar wuri domin rawa, gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo.

A shekarar 1965, akwai wani gagarumin taron. A yin rufi spire aka shigar gilded birni alama depicting barewa tafiya.

ma'ajiyar kayan abinci hasumiya

A farkon da Congress Zelensky ne a zagaye hasumiyar Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Sun kira shi a ma'ajiyar kayan abinci. A baya can, an yi amfani da matsayin ajiya sarari. A 17-18 ƙarni. Tower aka kira Alexis, a matsayin coci dake kusa da nan.

A halin yanzu, na'ura mai hudu-tiered tsarin. A ta ƙananan part located karkashin kasa gabatarwa, a cikin abin da akwai jam'iyya gefen fada da embrasures. A sabuntawa aiki, wanda ya faru a 1953, a yarda da maido da wani semicircular tsawo Spence hasumiya. Wannan gini, gina a karni na 19th., Akayi don ƙirƙirar iska wurare dabam dabam a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na ƙananan bene, inda dumama man adana, amfani da su haskaka birnin tituna.

A karo na biyu bene hasumiya ne kama da gefen bangon daga cikin masallãci. The uku matakin - "gidan na dutse" ba tare da overlapping. A karo na hudu bene ne yankin da hasumiya shasi. Ya bango - parapet da battlements.

Nikolskaya hasumiya

Spence Bayan m makirci Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin Nikolskaya located. Its sunan da aka dauka daga nan kusa Church of St. Nicholas da Wonderworker.
A zamanin da, wannan hasumiya taka goyon bayan rawa domin kāriyar naúrar na muhimmanci. A cikin darajar ta kayen Dimitiriyas Tower. A halin yanzu, tare da taimakon maido aikin mayar da asali bayyanar gine-gine daga hanya ƙofar.

A lokacin 17-19th ƙarni. hasumiyar da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani sito, muhimmanci canza ta ciki layout. Restoration ayyukan da aka za'ayi a 1959-62 shekaru., Ba kawai da ciki dakunan da aka gina. A facade hasumiyar kuma soma ta asali tarihi bayyanar. A daidai wannan lokacin, da hasumiya da aka gina rufin-dimbin yawa tanti da lookout hasumiya.

rocker hasumiya

A cikin jerin ganuwar zubar a kan upland rabo ne angled zagaye hasumiya saka musaman sunan. A tarihin sunan rocker hasumiya an haɗa da biyu daban-daban Legends game da wata mace da aka binne a wannan wuri. A cewar daya daga tushen, shi ya kashe ganuwar don goya ƙarfi, kamar yadda ake bukata da sanannen imani. Na biyu labari ya gaya na da ƙarfin hali mata suke kashe 'karkiyar da dama invaders kuma binne a kusa da hasumiya.

A rarrabe da rocker hasumiya ne da farin dutse cladding. A 18-19 ƙarni. a cikin hasumiyar housed wani archive kuma tun 1886 daban-daban warehouses aka gina a cikinsa.

Taynitskaya hasumiya

Wannan zagaye hasumiya da aka located sama da m banki gangara Pochainskogo kwazazzabo da kogin sunã gudãna a kasan shafin Pochayna. Its sunan, wannan shiri da aka zamar masa dole cache - karkashin kasa da nassi. Wannan hanya jagoranci tun daga hasumiyar saukar da gangare na kwazazzabo da kogin kanta. Wuriyar da katako benaye da ganuwar, kuma sama ɓangare daga prying idanu boye dogwood. A cikin 80s na karshe karni samu ragowar halakar da cache.

. Historical takardun da suka shafi cikin 17th karni, ya gabatar da mu zuwa wani sunan hasumiyar - Mironositskaya da suka samo asali daga located a kan kishiyar sashi na kwazazzabo na wannan sunan na coci.

arewa hasumiya

Pochainsky facade a kan kwazazzabo daga hasumiya, located in arewa maso yammacin kusurwa na duwatsu na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Wannan Arewa hasumiya, wadda samu da sunan da daga Gwargwadon wuri. Duk da haka, wannan ya faru a wani lokaci daga baya. Takardu da 17th karni. Iliya ya kira shi a matsayin guda sunan coci, wanda aka located a kan kishiyar sashi na kwazazzabo. A wasu takardu, da hasumiya ya bayyana a matsayin Naugolnykh (kusurwa).

The na'urar da wannan hasumiya da aka ba daban-daban daga shirin Tainitski da rocker. Akwai kawai qananan bambance-bambance a wasu daki-daki. A 19th da kuma farkon karni na 20th. hasumiyar amfani da sojoji a matsayin wani sito.

Clock hasumiya

Wannan makaman da aka located a gangaren Volga River a saman sansanin soja tudu. Shi ne kadai hasumiyar da Kremlin, kurege ciki. A cikin tsohon zamanin fama matsayin ta taka leda. Its main nufi shi ne halittar art-ado abun da ke ciki. Gungu da kuma Arewa hasumiyai All aka warware gine-ginen tattimin. Kamar wancan ne a cikin mafi kyau wurare Kremlin ne giant matakai wanda ya sauko daga m gangara daga doguwar hasumiya bango. A saman hasumiyar ne na musamman katako gini - "watch bukka." Saboda haka sunan tsarin.

Ivanovo hasumiya

Sunan tsarin samu daga baya located kusa majami'u suna bayan Ioanna Predtechi. Ivanovskaya hasumiyar Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin a kan ta a ciki an tsawo tsani, a kan abin da kare birnin ya murtuke zuwa dutse bango. Akwai kuma wani kamara ga mãsu laifi kuma kãmammu. Ivanovskaia hasumiya da aka sanye take da wata ƙõfa da aka yi a babban yankin submountainous Kremlin.

fari hasumiya

Wannan shiri ne m juyawa Congress kira Kremlin. Shi ne kadai zagaye hasumiya, wanda ya kasance a cikin foothill a kagara. A gefen filin hasumiya facade aka sahu tare da farin dutse. Saboda haka akwai sunan. Used hasumiya a sau da zaman lafiya kamar yadda wani sito, da kuma a gaban wuta, abin da ya faru a nan a 1924, kiyaye Rumbun takardu a cikin hasumiyar da dakuna.

St. George ta hasumiya

Gina wani rectangular siffar, wanda yake a baya carriageways. St. George Tower na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin aka located kawai sama da bankunan na Volga Krucha ake taimako. Ba nisa ne da wani abin tunawa ga VP Chkalov. Akwai iri biyu daga cikin Asalin sunan tsarin. A daya daga cikinsu, wadda ke kusa da coci da wannan sunan. Bisa ga na biyu, wannan wuri ya St George ta hasumiya - fada gina ta kafa birnin Yuri Vsevolodovich.

By su bayyanar da layout na ciki na wani zamani rectangular hasumiya ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga irin wannan Tsarin daga cikin Kremlin.

foda hasumiya

Zagaye hasumiyar Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, mai suna ga yanayin da amfani. Yana da aka adana ammonium. A cewar takardun na wannan sunan 17 na nan kusa coci a. kira wannan Spasskaya hasumiya. A tarihin 18th karni. shi ne kira a matsayin Musketeers, domin an dake kusa da Musketeers District.

A halin yanzu Foda hasumiya rufe rufi da kuma partially mayar. The na'urar ne kama da hasumiya Spence. The biyu hasumiyai ne daban-daban daga cikin sauran a cikin nau'i na rashi a cikin ƙananan tiers na gaban loopholes.