Neo-Platonism - menene wannan? Falsafar neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism matsayin falsafa samo asali a cikin marigayi tsufa, sai ta shiga na da falsafa, da falsafar da Renaissance da kuma kawo falsafa zukatan duk m ƙarni.

Ancient falsafar Neoplatonism

Idan muka fahince Platonism takaice, shi ne Tarurrukan na Plato ta ideas a lokacin da Roman ƙi (3 - 6 cc.). A cikin neo-Platonism na Plato da ra'ayoyin da aka canza kama zuwa rukunan emanations (radiation bayan) kayan duniya na Smart Ruhu, na yi imani da farkon kome.

Idan ka ba mai kyau fassarar, da tsoho Neo-Platonism - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin yankunan da Helenawa falsafa, fito a matsayin eclectic rukunai na Plotinus da Aristotle, da Stoics da koyarwar Pythagoras, Eastern Sufi, da kuma farkon Kiristanci.

Idan muka yi magana game da babban ideas wannan rukunan, da Neo-Platonism - wannan sufi ilimi na koli zati, shi ne a hankali a hankali ne miƙa mulki daga cikin mafi girma ga ƙananan kwayoyin halitta. A karshe, Neo-Platonism - ne da kwato mutumin ta hanyar bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya daga wahalhalu na kayan duniya zuwa wata gaskiya rai na ruhaniya.

Mafi shahararren mabiya neo-Platonic falsafa, tarihi ya ce Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus da Iamblichus.

Dams matsayin wanda ya kafa Neo-Platonism

Gida Dam - Roman lardin Misira. Ya aka horar da dama da masana falsafa, babban rawa a cikin samuwar taka leda Ammonium Saccas, da wanda ya yi karatu shekara goma sha ɗaya.

A Roma, Plotinus da kansa ya zama mai kafa na makaranta, wanda ya kai ga shekara ashirin da biyar. Dam - marubucin 54 ayyukansu. A babban tasiri a kan Outlook da Plato, amma shi ya kasance batun tsoma da kuma sauran masana falsafa, Greek kuma Roman, daga gare su, Shenglijia da Aristotle.

Dam na duniya tsarin

Bisa ga koyarwar Plotinus, duniya da aka gina a wani m matsayi:

• Daya (Good).
• Universal Zuciya.
• Duniya-Soul.
• Al'amarin.

Feminism lafazin faransanci guda duniya, bai yi imani cewa duniya a dukkan fannoni ne guda a daidai gwargwado. Wonderful Duniya Soul shi ne mafifici a zaluncin al'amari, Universal Zuciya shi ne mafifici a duniya rai, kuma a matakin qarshe na kyau da daraja Daya (mai kyau), wanda shi ne tushen hanyar kyakkyawa. The sosai fa'idodi kamar yadda Plotinus ĩmãni sama da abin da yake da kyau, cewa ya zub da shi, a sama da dukan tuddai, da kuma ta yalwaci dukan duniya nasa ne na fasaha Ruhu.

Single (albarka) - wani mahaluži cewa shi ne ba a ko'ina, shi aka bayyana a cikin Zuciya, Ruhu kuma Matter. Daya, kamar yadda mai cikakkar kyau, ennobling wadannan abubuwa. Rashin guda nufin babu kyau.

Sadaukar da mutum mugunta ne ya sa ta yadda high ya iya hawa da mataki da take kaiwa zuwa Daya (da Good). A hanya zuwa ba mahaluži ne kawai ta hanyar sufi da Fusion tare da shi.

Kamar yadda guda cikakkar Good

A da ra'ayoyi na Dam a duniya domin mamaye da ra'ayin hadin kai. Single falalen kan mutane da yawa, musamman dangane da yawa da unattainable ga mutane da yawa. Za ka iya zana wani layi daya tsakanin biyayya dam na duniya domin kuma tsarin zamantakewa na Roman Empire.

M daga da yawa sami matsayi na Daya. Wannan nisa daga fasaha, ruhaniya da kuma kayan duniya, akwai wani dalilin unknowable. Idan Plato ta "daya - mai yawa," dangantaka da duka biyu don a kwance, da a tsaye Plotinus kafa a cikin dangantaka daya da kuma da yawa (na baya abubuwa). Single fiye da kowane abu, da kuma haka m ga fahimtar ƙananan Zuciya, Soul, kuma Matter.

Cikakkar Unity ne babu a cikinsa na saba wa juna, ya saba da ake bukata domin motsi da kuma ci gaba. Unity gusar da batun-abu dangantakar, kai-da ilmi ba, so, lokaci. Wanda ya san kansa ba tare da sanin, da daya ne a cikin wani Jihar cikakkar farin ciki da salama, da kuma ya ba da wani to ku yi jihãdi ga. Single ba related to category na lokaci, domin shi ne madawwami.

Plotinus bi kamar Common Good kuma Light. The sosai halittar duniya da Daya Plotinus kayyade emanation (fassara daga Latin - gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, sunã gudãna daga). A wannan tsari, da outpouring na halitta, shi ba ya rasa mutunci, ba Munã rage.

tambura

Dalili - abu na farko da cewa an halitta da Daya. Domin hankali shi ne halin da multiplicity, cewa shi ne, abinda ke ciki na ra'ayoyi da yawa. A hankali shi ne dual: shi ne duka aikata ga Daya, da kuma motsa kange daga gare shi. O ƙarin zuwa Daya ya ne a Jihar hadin kai, tare da nesa - a cikin multiplicity na jihar. Tsarawa peculiar hankali, zai iya zama ko dai wani abu (nufin wani abu) da kuma na gabar (kai-directed). Wannan tunani ne ma daban-daban daga daya. Duk da haka, ya yi kawaici a abada, kuma akwai sani kansa. Wannan kama da daya hankali.

A hankali fassara your ra'ayoyi da kuma haifar da su a cikin Daidaita. Daga cikin mafi m ideas (kasancewarsa, zaman lafiya motsi), shi ke zuwa duk wasu ideas. A paradoxical yanayin da Zuciya a dam ne cewa yana kunshe a kanta da ra'ayin duka biyu m da kankare. Alal misali, da ra'ayin mutum a matsayin ra'ayi da kuma ra'ayin wasu mutum.

duniya rai

Single pours ya haske a kan tunaninsa, da kuma hasken da aka ba gaba daya tunawa da Zuciya. Wucewa ta cikin Zuciya, Ya pours fitar da halitta da rai. Its nan da nan asalin rai dole Damu. Single daukan a ta halittar tsaye ba hallara.

Located a kan ƙananan matakin, akwai wani rai ne madawwami, shi ne - a cikin hanyar da lokaci. Kamar yadda hankali, shi ne ninki biyu: shi yana da sadaukar da hankali da su da kawar da kai daga gare shi. Wannan ne mai babbar musu a rai yanaye kasu kashi biyu Soul - high da kuma low. High kusata Soul to dalilin da ba a lamba tare da duniya na babban al'amari, kamar yadda tsayayya da Low Soul. Dake tsakanin biyu halittu (suprasensual da abu), Soul haka ya haɗu su.

Properties na Soul - incorporeity da indivisibility. Duniya Soul ruwansa da duk mutum rãyukansu, babu wani daga wanda ba zai iya zama baya daga wasu. Plotinus jãyayya da cewa wani rai ya wanzu kafin dangane da jiki.

al'amarin

Rufe duniya matsayi na Matter. Light aka zubar Single jẽre wuce daga daya abu zuwa wani.

Bisa ga koyarwar Plotinus, al'amarin ya zauna har abada a matsayin madawwami da kuma hadade. Duk da haka, al'amarin ne abu na halitta ba, bã tãre da kai-farkon. A sabanin kwayoyin halitta ne cewa shi halitta guda kuma fuskanceshi shi. Matter - ne Fading haske, dokin duhu. A nuna na Fading haske da kuma zuwan na duhu ne ko da yaushe wani mahaifiyarsa. Idan Plotinus yi magana da omnipresence na Daya, sa'an nan, a fili, shi dole ya zama ba a cikin al'amarin. A 'yan adawa ga Uwar Light aka bayyana a matsayin mugunta. Wannan al'amari a kan dams, exudes mugunta. Amma tun da shi ne kawai dogara abu, to, shi ne ba iri daya ba mugunta kyau (Good na Daya). Tir Matter - kawai a sakamakon wani rashin kyau, saboda da rashin da Daya Light.

Matter ayan canza, amma jurewa canji, shi ya zauna canzawa, shi ba ya rage, kuma ba a zuwa.

A nema domin Daya

Plotinus yi imani da cewa da gangaren Daya a da yawa yana sa da baya da tsari, watau, da yawa gurin tãkãwa zuwa cikakken dayantaka ne, kokarin shawo kan su cuta, kuma don samun a touch tare da Daya (mai kyau), saboda bukatar da-ana halin da cikakken kowa da kowa, ciki har da matalauta ingancin al'amarin.

M dirka zuwa Daya (mai kyau) mutane daban-daban. Ko yanayi ne mai low-maƙaryaciya, ba mafarki game da duk wani hawan, yiwu wata rana tashi, kamar yadda ran mutum ne rabuwa daga cikin Universal Soul, hade da Duniya Zuciya ta daukaka yanki. Ko da jihar hankali da layman ne cewa mafi darajar ɓangare na da low-kwance da wani ɓangare na dandaƙewa, dalilin iya fi a kan son sha'awa da kuma m zũciyõyinsu, wanda zai ba da damar auku mutumin da tashi.

Duk da haka, da real hawan zuwa Daya Plotinus dauke da wani Jihar bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya a cikin abin da rai da abin da ya fita daga jiki, kuma Yanã shigar da Daya. Wannan hanya ba wani tunani, da kuma sufi, bisa kwarewa. Kuma kawai a cikin wannan mafi girma Jihar Dam, wanda zai iya tashi zuwa Daya.

Mabiya rukunan Plotinus

The almajiri na Plotinus Porphyry, da nufin ubangijinsa, da umarnin da aka buga rubuce-rubucen. Ya zama sananne a falsafar sharhi aiki Dam.

Proclus a cikin rubuce-rubucen ya ci gaba da ra'ayoyi da neo-Platonism na baya masana falsafa. Ya dora muhimmanci ga wahayi, la'akari da hakan ilimi. Soyayya, hikima, da imani, ya da alaka da buɗi na abin bautãwa. A babban taimako ga ci gaban falsafa, ya sanya gabban na Cosmos.

Effect Proklos nuna a na da falsafa. Ma'ana Proklos falsafa jaddada AF Losev, biyan haraji ga ta fineness ma'ana analysis.

Syria Iamblichus horar Porphyry da kuma kafa Syria Neoplatonic makaranta. Kamar sauran Platonists, ya sadaukar da} o} arin tsoho mythology. To ya bashi a cikin bincike da kuma amfaninsa a cikin gabban da mythology, kazalika da wa systematize nazarin Plato. A daidai wannan lokaci da hankali da aka mayar da hankali a kan m gefe na falsafa, dangantawa da addini ayyukan hajji, sufi da yi na sadarwa da ruhohi.

Tasirin neo-Platonic falsafa da tunani a kan m lokaci

Abu da suka gabata zamanin tsufa, ya rasa dacewar da matsayi na hukuma arna tsoho falsafa. Neoplatonism ba bace, shi ne ban sha'awa Kirista marubuta. (St. Augustine Aeropagite, Erigena et al.), Yana ratsa cikin Larabawa falsafa Avicenna, reacts tare da Hindu tauhidi.

A 4th karni. neo-Platonic ideas suna yadu watsa a Byzantine falsafa da kuma gwada Christianization (Vasiliy Veliky, Grigoriy Nissky). A cikin marigayi tsakiyar zamanai (14-15 cc.) Neoplatonism zama tushen Jamus Mystique (Meister Eckhart, Suso G. et al.).

Neo-Platonism na Renaissance ya ci gaba da bauta wa ci gaban da falsafa. Yana embodies da ra'ayin baya dazamani a cikin hadaddun: da hankali ga ilmi, da kyau na jiki a cikin zamanin d Neo-Platonism da kuma ruhaniya wayar da kan jama'a na mutum da mutum a wani na da neo-Platonism. Koyarwar neoplatonism rinjayar da masana falsafa kamar N. Cusa, T. Campanella, J. Bruno et al.

Shahararren wakilan Jamus idealism, 18th - farkon 19th ƙarni. (FV Schelling, Hegel) ba ya tsere rinjayar neo-Platonic ideas. A wannan za a iya ce da Rasha da masana falsafa da 19th - farkon 20th ƙarni. VS Solovyov, SL Franke, S. Bulgakov, da sauransu. A burbushi na Neo-Platonism za a iya samu a zamani falsafa.

Ma'ana neoplatonism tarihi falsafa

Neo-Platonism - Wannan ke bayan falsafa, kamar yadda falsafar ne m ganewarsu. The abu daga cikin koyarwar Neoplatonism ne otherworldly, supramental kamala, m ga wanda yake zai yiwu ne kawai a bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya.

Neoplatonism a falsafar - ne pinnacle na falsafa na tsufa da Hauwa'u na tauhidin. Single dam albishir ga addinin kadaici da kafirci faɗuwar rana.

Neoplatonism a falsafar - mai girma da tasiri a kan ci gaban da falsafa da kuma tauhidin tunani na tsakiyar zamanai. Dam rukunan jihãdi ga cika da tsarin na Concepts koyarwarsa bayan sake tunani samu su wuri a yammacin da kuma gabashin Kirista tauhidin. Mutane da yawa arziki na neo-Platonic falsafa da aka bukata don Kirista masu ilimin tauhidi su magance matsalar da amfaninsa a wuya rukunan Kiristanci. Kamar wancan ne aka kafa da Kirista falsafa kira patristic.