Musin-Pushkin, Alexei Ivanovich: biography, aikin

AI Musin-Pushkin (1744-1818 gg.) - da aka sani tara da tara da haihuwa Rasha takardun da rubutun d¯a, kazalika da real Monuments. Aikinsa yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban Rasha tarihi kimiyya a biyu da rabi na XVIII karni, a lokacin da Rasha da masana kimiyya da masu bincike da tsanani amfani zo zuwa binciken kimiyya a baya na kasar mu.

Aiki Count a cikin mahallin na zamanin

Alexei Musin-Pushkin ya hankula wakilin Catherine ta zamanin, lokacin da akwai wani amfani a tattara, bazawa na zamanin d kundayen a ilimi da'irori. Bayan da jadawali, da yawa wasu masana kimiyya ne kuma hauka game da tsoho Monuments. A zamanin mulkin Catherine II - da lokaci na ilimi a kasar, a lokacin da ilimi da da'irori yada da tofin bukatar nazarin da na Rasha.

Da yawa daga masana sun m da dominance na waje ideas, babbar sha'awa mahimmin juzu'in Yammacin kimiyya da masana kimiyya a fashion kwaikwayo na duk abin da waje. Kamar yadda 'yan adawa tsakanin wani yawan masoya na haihuwa akwai wani imani cewa ya kamata a hankali dauke, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - inganta kasa tsufa a cikin jama'a ido domin qarfafa a cikin karatu da ra'ayin ta asali da shaidar dan kasa na Rasha tarihi. A dominance wadannan ra'ayoyi m da bege na Count tattara tsoho takardun da rubuce-rubucen.

Brief Life Count

Biography Musin-Pushkin ne ban sha'awa a ji cewa shi ya nuna yadda ya, ba kwararren mai tarihi, bayan duk, ya yi gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban wannan kimiyya. An haife shi a cikin iyali na Captain Guard, ya sauke karatu daga harbi School, wadda aka ba quite tattalin azuzuwan na Rasha tarihi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin adjutant zuwa Orlov, da kuma lokacin da ya yi ritaya, sa'an nan ya tafi wata tafiya zuwa kasashen waje, a lokacin da ya ziyarci wata yawan kasashen Turai. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Rasha, ya aka nada uban bikin. A tsawon shekaru, ya yi aiki a daban-daban jama'a cibiyoyin, ciki har da kasancewa shugaban procurator na taron majalisar Krista. A cikin shekaru baya ya rayu a Moscow, inda ya ci gaba da hayayyafa aiki na tattara antiquities.

Features bincike a fannin kimiyya

Musin-Pushkin ya m na zamanin d Monuments da rubuce-rubucen. A wannan girmamawa, da ayyukan kamata a yi la'akari kan daidai da wadanda wasu wallafa irin wannan shahararren manyan da kuma shahararren archivists kamar yadda Bantysh-Kamensky, Novikov, Rumyantsev, da dai sauransu Su duka suka yi jihãdi ga yada da Rasha tsoho da kuma hamayya da shi ga kasashen yammacin Turai da tasiri wanda sa'an nan rinjãya a kimiyya da kuma ilimi. A cewar su, kawai nazari na zamanin d kafofin iya taimakawa wajen fahimtar da asali na tarihi tsari a Rasha, kazalika da taimakawa, wajen fahimtar da bambance-bambance tsakanin ta hanyar daga yammacin Turai.

Musin-Pushkin, mukaddashin a cikin ruhun lokaci, biya mai girma da hankali ga tattara rubuce-rubucen. Burinsa ya zalla ilimi: sanar da kimiyya al'umma da kuma a karanta jama'a tare da Monuments. A peculiarity na kimiyya da bincike shi ne cewa ya tattara dukan abin da ko ta yaya ya yi da zamanin d fahimtar cewa wani tushen iya zama na da babban muhimmanci ga m ilimi.

Tattara tsohon takardun

Ba tare da ƙari, za mu iya cewa Musin-Pushkin yi a cikin wani babban hanya. Gaskiyar cewa sun shagaltar da a daban-daban sau mafi girma na aikin matsayi ba shi da isasshe damar tattara da kuma adana mafi muhimmanci da Monuments. Na musamman muhimmancin da aka lokacin shi ne shugaban procurator na taron majalisar Krista. A ya nema, Catherine II a 1792 ya bayar da umurnin musamman stipulating karbo daga cikin sufi archives na zamanin d tarihi, su lists da kuma zamanin da wallafe-wallafen Monuments.

Saboda haka musamman a cikin muhimmancin da rubuce-rubucen da aka gano: mafi tsufa jerin farko tarihin Laurentian, daya daga cikin asali lists Rasha Pravda da kuma sauran m takardun. A lardunan Musin-Pushkin da musamman jamiái saya up haihuwa takardunku. Bugu da kari, da yawa bibliophiles, sanin sha'awar ga tattara rubuce-rubucen ƙidaya fara canja wurin shi su kofe. bijirẽwa aka ba bar ko da Catherine II, wanda kuma ba shi da wani yanki daga rubuce-rubucen.

A mafi muhimmanci binciken

Count Musin-Pushkin da aka sani da farko ga cewa shi da yake da shi zuwa bikin bude na zamanin d Kabarin "Lay." A dangane da karshen shã'aninku, sunan ne mai yiwuwa da aka sani ga kowane schoolchild. Tara kansa nan da nan ya gane muhimmancin sun gudanar da binciken, da kuma yi gaggãwa zuwa buga wannan musamman Madogararsa. Abin farin, haka abin tunawa aka ceto da kuma yanzu da akwai for watsa wa jama'a. Sai ya zama mai dace gwargwado, kamar yadda na musamman da tarin archivist aka kone a lokacin da wuta a Moscow a 1812 a lokacin da mamayewa na Napoleon. The wuta kashe wasu m Monuments.

Musin-Pushkin, Alexei Ivanovich bude bincike ya irin wannan musamman kafofin kamar yadda regal littafin da Nikon Chronicle. Sai ya zama mai muhimmanci samu, domin shi ne a wannan lokaci, da yawa Rasha masana tarihi sun jũya zuwa ga rubutu na asali ayyuka a cikin tarihi na Rasha, da kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun yi amfani da kayan na jadawali.

Publishing ayyuka

Fans of Rasha tsufa ba wai kallo kawai ba, amma kuma ya buga su na asali binciken. Burinsu shi ne, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, don gabatar da karanta jama'a tare da tsoho Rasha tarihi. Saboda haka, bazawa na Monuments ya na asali muhimmancin a cikin ilimi da ayyukan.

Tsaurara kimiyya binciken tarihin da rubuce-rubucen ba wani ɓangare na su aiki, amma tare da littafin da tarin na kafofin na anda aka tare da wasu kafofin daga cikin mafi muhimmanci comments da kuma lura, wadda ba rasa su munasaba a yau. Halin da gaskiya cewa Musin-Pushkin, kazalika da sauran wallafa m bai sa marubucin a Tattara bayanan collections, haka jihãdi ga cikakken mayar da hankali mai karatu ta da hankali a kan daftarin aiki.

Wadannan wallafe a fili a bayyane da kuma manufar bugu. Musin-Pushkin, a jawabinsa ga buga tarihin sau da yawa laments da cewa kawo dukkan ma Keen waje kimiyya nasarori da kuma sakaci da tsoho Rasha tarihi.

sauran ayyukan

Bugu da kari ya tattara tsoho kafofin, Alexey aka tsunduma a kimiyya da kuma administrative ayyukan. Ya kasance memba na Academy of Sciences kuma halarci aikin Tattara bayanan mai kamus. Amma daya daga cikin mafi hayayyafa aikinsa shi ne aikin da Academy of Arts. Ya tattara ayyukan na Turai Masters, aji engraving wuri mai faɗi da aka bude a karkashin laimar ta. Ya kusantar da wannan wuri mai yawa da suka shahara kamar Shubin, Kozlovsky da sauransu.

Musin-Pushkin yake da alaka da irin sanannun da kuma shahararren masana kimiyya a lokacinsa kamar yadda Bantysh-Kamensky, Karamzin, Boltin, Dubrovsky. Su ne son amfani da shi lokacin rubuta rubuce-rubucen daga cikin ayyukansa.

Muhimmancin da jadawali a cikin kasa historiography ci gaba

Ayyukan Alexei Ivanovich kamata a yi la'akari a cikin mahallin na zamanin. A wannan lokaci, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, masana kimiyya da dama suna tsanani tsunduma a cikin littafin na zamanin d Rasha kafofin. A wannan batun, da sunan jadawali za a iya sa a kan wani par tare da manyan masana a archives, kamar Bantysh-Kamensky da Novikov.

Fitar da sakamakon bincikensa ne invaluable ga nazarin tarihin kasar ta baya, kamar yadda evidenced da gaskiya cewa manyan masana tarihi amfani da binciken a cikin shirye-shiryen da ya muhimman hakkokin ayyukansu. Photo Musin-Pushkin nuna mana cewa shi ne ba kawai sosai m bafadan da lokaci, amma kuma sosai wayo, fasaha da kuma ilimi mutumin.