Menene tarin fuka.

Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan tarin fuka, mutãne san ko kafin haihuwar Yesu Kristi. A cikin II Millennium BC, a zamanin mulkin Hammurabi a Babila aka yarda da kisan aure to mata tare da wani tarihin da tarin fuka.

A lokacin Hippocrates tattaunawa bayyana babban fasali na huhu da tarin fuka. Abin baƙin ciki, tamkar hanyar wannan cuta cuta, Hippocrates ne ba daidai ba, saboda na yi tunani cewa tarin fuka ne a hereditary cutar da cewa ya auku saboda matsanancin samuwar gamsai a cikin jiki. Har ila yau, nazarin matsalar da zargin da tarin fuka Avicenna, wanda ya nuna cewa, cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum, kuma a ci gaba da tarin fuka yafi shafar da waje muhalli.

Farko da tarin fuka da aka kira amfani, Saboda haka sunan wannan cuta "phthisiology" (daga Girkanci "phthisis" -. Amfani). Kamar yadda ka sani, da tarin fuka - ne mai hadarin gaske cutar da cewa yana sa tarin fuka germs - mycobacteria. Da tarin fuka ne halin da samuwar a jikin daya ko fiye foci na kumburi, wanda zai iya ci gaba a cikin daban-daban gabobin, amma mafi sau da yawa wannan cuta rinjayar da huhu nama.

A karo na farko an dauke da kwayar cutar yanayin wannan tsanani cuta, kamar tarin fuka, da aka tabbatar a cikin karni na 19th. Wannan samu aka yi a 1882 da Jamusanci Robert Koch, wanda ba kawai bayyana a cikin daki-daki, abin da yake da tarin fuka, amma kuma ya saukar da irin mycobacteria, ta hanyar.

Mycobacterium da tarin fuka, da bambanci ga sauran jinsunan kwayoyin cuta, musamman tenacious: wannan bacteria ne da kyau kwarai da kuma ji a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma a cikin ƙasar, shi ne resistant zuwa acid da kuma barasa. Halakar da kwayoyin iya kawai dogon aiki a kan shi high yanayin zafi ko chlorine-dauke da abubuwa. Har ila yau, ba jure wannan irin mycobacteria hasken rana kai tsaye.

Kusan kowace daya daga cikin mu kamar yadda yaro, ko kasancewa a cikin samartaka, "samun" daga wani yanayi daban-daban mycobacteria, duk da haka shi ba ya haifar da tarin fuka. "Rauni" bacilli da ikon sa cuta, a kai a kai ta da kuma karfafa tarin fuka rigakafi. Domin shirin allurar rigakafi jikin mutum ana gabatar da musamman attenuated mycobacterium cewa an yadu da aka sani a matsayin BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guerin), wanda damar karfafa kariya da "m" kwayoyin shiga jiki wanda sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa m sakamakon.

Kamuwa da cuta da "m" mycobacteria sau da yawa zo daga wani mutum fama da aiki cuta, wadda, sneezing, tari da kuma ma kawai magana, gudamawar Koch sandunansu kusa. Da yawa kasa kamuwa faruwa a lokacin cinyewa madara kayayyakin samu daga dabbobi da suka kamu da tarin fuka. Active ci gaban da cuta yakan auku a gaban dalilai kamar m rai yanayi (duka zamantakewa da kuma muhalli). gaban mai cutar da alaka da cututtuka (ciki miki, da ciwon sukari, na huhu cuta). danniya. tamowa. Don a raguwar yawan mutane qwarai na rigakafi, kuma ta haka ne da hadarin tasowa da tarin fuka ya sa daban-daban iri miyagun ƙwayoyi buri, shan barasa da kuma shan taba.

Saboda haka, abin da tarin fuka ne da kuma yadda za a ci gaba da wannan cuta? Da zarar a cikin jikin mutum, tubercle bacillus take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a cikin huhu, kazalika a Lymph nodes fara da nunawa foci na kumburi. Wannan tsari shine ake kira primary da tarin fuka. A tsawon lokaci, wadannan raunuka iya zarubtsovyvatsya, amma mycobacteria da suke a gare su, sau da yawa juya a cikin wani irin "dormant" jiha, kuma idan kana da dama yanayi fara rayayye radiyo.

Da tarin fuka - wata cuta a cikin abin da aiki nau'i na tubercle bacillus da jini da kuma Lymph iya rayayye yada a ko'ina cikin jiki. Cutar na iya shafar ba kawai huhu, amma sauran gabobin da kyallen takarda: kasũsuwa, ashe, fata, da idanu, hanjinsu, urinary tsarin, meninges. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa ne ko sane da kwanan wata, cewa shi ne tarin fuka, yarɓaɓɓe shekara-shekara fluorography da kuma kauce wa lamba, kuma wannan, bi da bi, take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa yawan mutanen da ke fama daga wannan mummunan cuta, daukan sha musantawa.