Menene abstraction? Hanyar abstraction da manufarsa

Tabbas, kowane ɗayanmu a kalla sau ɗaya a rayuwata ya zo a fadin wannan tunanin kamar abstraction. Yana da sau da yawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, lokacin da ya kamata ka dubi abubuwan da ke kewaye da su kaɗan. Yaya daidai - "daban"? Menene ma'anar wannan kuma abin da yake abstraction, bari mu yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar ƙarin.

Janar ra'ayi

Wannan batu ya samo tushe ne a Latin kuma an fassara shi a matsayin "ɓoyewa." Sau da yawa yana nufin kada canza zama ko aiki, da kuma wani canji na tunani, da ikon ganin abubuwa daga wasu gefe, daga wani daban-daban kwana, ciki har da lokacin da bincikar abu alama sabon abu. Ta wannan hanyar tunaninmu yana haɗa dukkanin ra'ayoyin da aka samo game da wannan abu kuma yana bi da shi kamar dai ba shi da rabuɗɗan abubuwa, haɗi, abubuwan mamaki. Qarshe, akwai wani kasafi na yau da kullum, bayyanannu, kuma da muhimmanci fasali na da abu. Mene ne wani abstraction? Wannan shine rabuwa ko rabuwa da juna. Zaɓin ita ce sanarwa ta gaba. Abstraction za a iya amfani dashi na dan lokaci, a wani mahimmanci, dawo da ra'ayoyin game da wani abu zuwa asalin asali ko, a wasu lokuta, buɗe sabon kaya. A cikin ƙananan ma'ana, sakamakon abstraction, wato, duk wani abstraction, shine ƙayyadadden cikakkiyar siffofin da aka samo (duba).

Bayani daban-daban na abu daya

Kowane mutum ya ƙunshi wani abu a rayuwarsa. Tunaninsa yana nazarin abubuwa da dama, yana neman abubuwa guda ɗaya waɗanda zasu iya tasiri, misali, don yanke shawara ko kuma samar da ra'ayi kan wani abu. A cikin wannan fahimtar muhimmiyar rawa tana taka rawa ta hanya ta abstraction. Manufarsa ita ce don nazarin batutuwa, a matsayin mulkin, yana da dukiya mai yawa, dangantaka, haɗi, wanda, saboda fahimta da tunani, mutum baya iya ganewa sosai. A matsayin hanyar ƙwarewa na duniya, abstraction yana taimakawa wajen nuna alama. Idan aka yi la'akari da wannan abu, mutum yana da hakkin ya sauƙaƙe shi, kula da bangarori daban-daban, yayin da manta, wato, watsi, sauran.

Kuna da masaniya game da irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar bincike, kira, abstraction? Ana amfani da su a wurare irin su hikimar da falsafar, zasu iya kasancewa dabam daga juna, amma sun fi dacewa da juna. Ta hanyar kira shine ake nufi da haɗuwa da baƙuwar ciki, ra'ayoyin da aka siffanta; Manufarta ita ce kawo su a cikin ɗaya ko rukuni. Yin kira muhimmin mataki ne a cikin aikin halayen mutum, wanda ake aiki da aikin bincike. A wasu kalmomi, yana da wasu sassa, kira da kuma hidima don tattara su.

A akasin wannan, bincike yana neman kwakwalwa gaba ɗaya a cikin sassanta. Tare da biyu Concepts ba Yunƙurin ga ideas sadarwa faruwa tsakanin mutum abubuwa na bincike abu.

Yin nazarin gaskiya

Daga rana zuwa rana, sanin mutum yana neman sababbin abubuwa, abubuwan da abubuwa da ba a taɓa nazarin su ba, wanda abstraction ya taimaka ta kai tsaye. Koyo Hanyar cikin wannan hali ne mai sa hanyoyin da bude up sabon ilmi, hanyoyin da bincike mafita, kazalika da amfaninsa data gyara. Wannan ya hada da karshe, ka'idodin tunani, hangen nesa. Don haka, lokacin kallon wani abu, mutum yana gabatar da jigilar abubuwa da kuma ra'ayoyin da suke aiki a matsayin nau'i na zato. Daga baya za a iya tallafa su tare da bayanan kimiyya, gwaje-gwajen, ko kuma tattara ƙarin bayanan.

Cognition, a matsayin hanya ta ɓoye, yana da siffofi dabam dabam daga ƙirar kwatankwacin. An bayyana shi a cikin siffofi na siffofi, ƙayyadaddun yawa na abstraction, lokacin da aka ƙayyade alamomin alamun (indisputable). Don yin shawara, mutum yakan kasance akan hanyar kwatanta wanda zai ba ka damar kimanta alamun da ake so (ana so) tare da alamomi na ainihi. A kan ma'auni an saka duk wadata da fursunoni da suka rinjayi rinjayar karshe.

Sakamakon aikin mu na ciki

To, menene abstraction? Babu shakka, wannan wata hanya ce mai wuyar ganewa, wanda muke zuwa, wani lokaci har ma ba tare da sanin hakan ba. Da gangan, mutum yana raba abubuwan da ke samuwa daga wanda ba shi da shi, yana rarrabe abubuwan mutum daga saiti. Wannan zai iya zama jerin abubuwa, jerin matakai, ƙungiyar abubuwa. Don haka, dangane da dabi'un mutum na mutum, ilimin halayyar mutum yana iya samfuran duk wani kima daga dukiya wanda ya dace da wanda ya ba shi. Wannan kuma ya sake tabbatar da hujja maras tabbas cewa kowane mutum, kamar tunaninsa da sani, na musamman.

Aikace-aikacen - a duk

Hanyar kimiyya abstraction da ake amfani a da yawa filayen: siyasa, lissafi da kuma dabaru. Mun riga mun koyi cewa, a ƙarƙashin al'ada na abstraction, akwai wani ɓoyewa daga abin mamaki na waje don gane bambancin bayanan ko ainihin abu da kansa. Godiya ga wannan "ra'ayi daga gefe," an haife ka'idodin kimiyya, wanda daga bisani ya haɓaka kaya da haɗin da aka haɗuwa a cikin kundin.

Saboda haka, abstraction kimiyya za a iya samo shi cikin tattalin arziki. A duniya akwai miliyoyin daban-daban abubuwa na abinci amfani da wadanda ba abinci kungiyoyin a kullum dole ga mutum. Dukansu sun bambanta a wasu nau'o'in fasali da kaddarorin. Amma, da barin barinsu ba tare da jimawa ba, wani mutum ya haɗu da su a cikin wata ƙungiya - kayan da aka saya don sayarwa.

Abstraction kimiyya na samuwa a cikin ginin. Kowace tsari ya haɗa da lissafin bayanai, la'akari da siffofin makomar gaba. Amma takardun lissafi na ainihi, kamar mahimmancin haɗuwa da dukan abubuwan da aka gyara, ba koyaushe 100% zai yiwu - wannan ba shi yiwuwa ba a yarda ba ko rashin amincewa a aikace saboda rashin haɗari. Saboda haka, ta hanyar amfani da hanyar abstraction kimiyya, ana tsara tsarin. Ana ɗauka an cire dalilai na biyu, wanda, bi da bi, ba zai tasiri daidaito da amincin lissafi ba.

Don yin tunani a fili shine ikon kowane mutum

Idan muka zuga wannan batu, yanzu mun fahimci abin da abstraction shine - tunanin mutum, mai hankali na jan hankali daga kaddarorin wani abu, godiya ga abin da sabon ra'ayi game da shi ya bayyana ko ma'anar ma'ana.

Samun yin amfani da abstraction a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum yana cikin cikin mutum tun lokacin haihuwa. Harshen ilimin harshe da kuma ci gaba da harshe kanta tana da muhimmiyar rawa a nan. Saboda haka, lokacin da tunani "ya gudana" a cikin tsari marar kyau, ƙwarewar ba ta mayar da hankali akan siffofin mutum na abu ba, halayyar shi bisa ga alamun general (alal misali, "'ya'yan itace"). Kamar yadda tsayayya ga m, kimiyya ta bayar da hujjar musamman - a cikin wannan harka, da sani yana faɗaɗa fahimtar da iyaka, neman karin Properties (ba kawai " 'ya'yan itace", wato "orange" ko "mai dadi-m apple").