Mene ne wani kadi shuka? Kadi horar da shuke-shuke: misalai

Akwai kawai wata babbar lamba na shuke-shuke na daban-daban irin a ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin su suna amfani da mutum abinci. Wasu zama a matsayin ado na gidaje da kuma kewayen birni yankunan. A cikin wannan labarin, bari mu magana game da abin da wani kadi shuka. Ko da sunan za ka iya tsammani cewa su ne wakilan Flora amfani ga yi na yadudduka.

key siffofin

A gaskiya ma, cikin kadi shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi, akwai mutane da yawa - fiye da 600 jinsunan. Duk da haka, domin samar da tufafinsu tun kawai amfani da isasshe bakin ciki da kuma m zaruruwa. Kuma wadannan jinsunan a duniya ba sosai - game da 20.

Babban bayãnin hukuncin fasalin dukkan ne gaban kadi shuke-shuke vegetative da generative gabobin, dauke da zare da kitse. Akwai uku main kungiyoyin wanda ake raba kadi al'adu (jerin shuke-shuke da halaye da aka bã kasa):

• Bast-zare. Wadannan fauna fiber ne a cikin tushe da kuma shi ne sosai elongated Kwayoyin girbe bim. Wannan kungiyar hada da, misali, shuke-shuke, kamar flax, kenaf, jute.
• Semyavoloknistye kadi al'adu. A wannan yanayin, da fiber aka mĩƙe (20-50 mm) daga zurriyar cell. A wannan kungiyar ne sananne ga duk auduga.
• Listovoloknistye. Irin shuke-shuke suna dogon Kwayoyin a cikin ganye (New Zealand flax, yadi banana, sisal).

A gaban fibrous Kwayoyin - kadai halayyar wani kadi shuka za a iya hade a wani babban rukuni. Sauran ne duka-duka sabanin juna Flora na zuwa daban-daban azuzuwan, jinsin da kuma subspecies.

Wakilai daga cikin iyali na flax

Next, la'akari da abin da halaye rarrabe wasu daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun kadi shuke-shuke. Bari mu fara da flax. Linum HALITTAR hada da fiye da 200 wakilan. Duk da haka, da al'adu ne horar da daya kawai jinsin - flax, wanda ya hada da biyar subspecies. A Rasha, suna girma Eurasian dovhunets. Yanã bãyar da mai tsawo da kuma mafi muhimmanci da zare. Sauran iri na fiber flaxes horar a kasar mu a matsayin oilseed shuka.

Yadda za a yi zane daga flax?

Saboda haka, duk kadi amfanin gona shuke-shuke, misalai na wanda aka bai wa kasa aka yi amfani da sarrafa daga wani iri-iri na yadi abubuwa. Wannan ke flax. Domin zaren ta mai tushe aka tsomasu a tsanake cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci - har zuwa farko na bazuwar. Sauran dogon zaruruwa intertwine da kuma yarda da samar da yadudduka. Lilin tufafin m ga tabawa fiye da auduga, kowa a yau, shi ne mafi m. Duk da haka, a yi da masana'anta na wadannan strands ne wajen rikitarwa, saboda ana sosai sauƙi tsage. A ranar, da wajen yawan flax kadi da kuma masana'anta na shi ne Ireland.

Auduga: nazarin halittu siffofin

Flax - ba kawai iri-iri amfani da su samar da zaruruwa a kan zane. Horar da a cikin kasar, ciki har da wasu horar da shuke-shuke kadi. Mafi na kowa daya ne auduga. Haka kuma, a yau shi ne babban fiber amfanin gona a kasar mu da kuma a duniya. Bayanin irin shahararsa saukin samu zaruruwa mafi girma daga amfanin ƙasa, kuma high yawan aiki da shuka kanta. Wannan al'ada tana nufin iyali na Malvaceae. Adult shuka iya isa wani tsawo na fiye da 180 cm. Fruit reshe raw auduga ci gaba a cikin sama ɓangare na tushe da kuma motsi daga shi a wani obtuse kwana. Suna girma da furanni da cewa ba 'ya'yan itace daga baya "akwatin." A karshen sun mai taso keya, kwai-dimbin yawa, da kuma lokacin da cikakke fashe a seams. Lokacin da wannan ya zama a bayyane auduga - dogon zaruruwa, rufe da tsaba na shuke-shuke.

Girbi wannan amfanin gona za a iya yi ko dai da hannu ko ta hanyar mechanized wajen. A karshen harka, a pre-shuka tare da sunadarai ganye suna cire.

hemp

Akwai sauran rare al'adu kadi shuke-shuke. Hemp - daya daga cikinsu. Wannan al'ada tana nufin wani iyali na daban-daban mata da maza na iri guda ba. Namiji da mace, shuke-shuke suna bambanta da tsarin da generative gabobin da kuma furanni. Bugu da kari, a cikin na ƙarshen a ƙara girma kakar.

Kamar yadda da auduga da kuma flax, hemp fiber an girma a kan da man fetur. A farko da aka samu daga tushe, na biyu - daga tsaba. A zaruruwa amfani a yi na yadudduka yi nufi ga m aiki tufafin dinki, saƙa filaye da t. D. Daga cikin hemp iri mai kerarre varnishes da Paints.

Yau, mafi kowa na duk biyu kadi al'adu na wannan nau'in. Hemp da ake amfani wajen samar da talakawa yadudduka da kuma man fetur. Hashish iri-iri girma a wasu kasashen Asiya domin samun daga ganyen narcotic abubuwa.

Tara cannabis Zelenets fara da wani taro flowering namiji shuke-shuke. A mata wannan tsari zai fara daga baya. Girbe stalks ana ana jerawa da tsawon da kuma kauri, kuma aka aiko zuwa ga steeping yawanci a musamman tsara don wannan surface ruwaye. A tsawon lokaci da wannan hanya ne a kai tsaye gwargwado ga ruwa zazzabi. A wani dumi jiƙa shi yana for game da mako guda a cikin sanyi - a cikin kaka - har zuwa biyu zuwa makonni uku.

Kamar yadda da flax, hemp zaruruwa a masana'anta bayan softening rabu sosai sauƙi. Amma overdo da tushe a ruwa iya ba. Podgnivanie muhimmanci rage da ingancin littattafai.

kenaf

Akwai ma kasa sanannun kadi amfanin gona shuke-shuke. Misalai na irin wannan nau'in - kenaf da jute. A farko fiber ne yafi amfani ga yi jaka da igiyoyi. A baya, da zaruruwa wannan shuka, kazalika da kayayyakin da suka shigo mana a Rasha ne yafi kawai daga India. Don kwanan wata, wannan al'ada aka girma quite nasarar, ciki har da gonaki na Uzbekistan. Darajar kenafnoy masana'anta shi ne yafi a gaskiyar cewa daga gare shi za mu iya dinka bags cewa su ne manufa domin ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri na sukari. Hakika, wannan manufa za a iya amfani, da kuma hemp. Duk da haka, da hasara a wannan yanayin kunshi da farko a cewa filaments na irin wannan jaka aka raba microscopic barbashi. Cire su daga sugar baya ba zai yiwu ba. A irin wannan sabon abu a kenafovyh bags ba ya lura. Fiber samu daga wannan shuka ne ba kawai wani sassauci da kuma karko, amma kuma hygroscopic. Kenafovyh sewn daga yadudduka ba kawai bags. Yarn, saka daga zaruruwa wannan al'ada, kuma tafi a kan masana'antu na cordage, igiya, igiya da kuma zane. A wasu ƙasashe, an kuma samar daga ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Yana nufin kenaf kamar auduga, da iyali Malvaceae. Adult shuka tsawo iya isa 1-5 m, kuma saiwoyinsa a ƙasa 2 m. Girbi an fara bayan da kenaf yadda za a fadi na sukar daya ko biyu ƙananan kwalaye na tsaba. Girbi ne da za'ayi amfani da harvesters inji. Beveled stalks 'yan kwanaki bar podsushivatsya a cikin filin. An sa'an nan kuma tattara da kuma daura cikin daure. Next, karshe bushewa ne da za'ayi a cikin na musamman Suslonov. A mataki na gaba sheaves zalunci. A sakamakon tsaba suna tsabtace kuma ana jerawa, da kuma sheaves aka aika zuwa lubzavody.

jute

Shi ne wani shuka fiber wanda aka sau da yawa amfani da samar da jakunkuna qaddara domin sugar, gari da kuma sauran bushe sinadaran. A jute masana'anta yi ko da ta fi gaban kenafnuyu. Wani lokaci daga shi nuna ko kyalle upholstery yadudduka. Bugu da kari, jute ake amfani da su sa igiyoyi, twines da igiyoyi. Sau da yawa sosai, wannan fiber da ake amfani da caulking yankakken gine-gine. A tsaba na wannan al'ada ne fasaha man fetur. Kuma suna amfani da wani magani aka yi nufi ga lura da cutar zuciya.

Jute an girma, yafi a wurare masu zafi Asia yankin, watau a} asashe irin su India, Bangladesh, Nepal da kuma Taiwan. Akwai plantations wannan amfanin gona a Afirka da kuma Amurka. Industrial darajar bambanta da biyu kawai irin jute - dlinnoplodny da macrocarpa.

Ripeness da shuka zo a lokacin da ta bayyana da farko boll. Ana Share da shuka, don samar da fiber bayan da shigarwa cikin wannan lokaci fiye da rabin na shuke-shuke. Primary aiki na mai tushe samar a daidai wannan hanya kamar yadda cewa na kenaf. Wannan shi ne ainihin sosai kama da Bast-fiber kadi shuke-shuke. Kuma ko da yake a yau ba su da matsayin na kowa kamar yadda a baya, namo su, ba shakka, shi ne wani al'amari na fiye dace.

ramie

Da ban sha'awa sosai, kuma herbaceous shuke-shuke suna kadi. Sunayen iri-iri - ramie da ramie. Babban bayãnin hukuncin siffa daga cikin zaruruwa samar daga wannan shuka shi ne cewa su kusan ba rot. A baya, da suka ana amfani ga yi na high quality-zane. Yau, mafi yawan ramie zaruruwa yi karfi sosai igiyoyi tare da wani dogon sabis rayuwa. Dinka daga nettle masana'anta da kuma tufafi. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin da yawanci ramie zaruruwa aka haxa shi da auduga ko ulu. Wannan ba wani karfi, da ci gaba a cikin siffar, m abubuwa.

A tsawo na adult shuke-shuke ramie iya isa mita biyu. Ba kamar da jinsunan, girma a Rasha, ta stalks ba ƙona gaba daya. A shuka ne sosai unpretentious kuma zai iya bayar da biyu amfanin gona a kowace shekara. Don kwanan wata, wannan al'ada ne horar da a kasashe irin su Brazil, Thailand, India, Philippines, Koriya ta Kudu.

Kadi albarkatu: shuka jerin

Saboda haka, to kadi ne irin fauna kamar yadda flax, jute, auduga, kenaf, nettle. Abin da sauran sani jinsunan ne a can? Bugu da kari zuwa sama a cikin wannan kungiyar kuma ya hada da abarba, Kendiry Manila, kuma da yawa wasu.

Kadi shuka, da jerin wanda aka bai sama, ba shakka, sun mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin samar da yadudduka. Auduga da lilin tufafi a lokacin da aka yaba da matsayin gaba daya tsabtace muhalli. Ba tare da igiyoyi kyau, tarpaulins kuma bags ne wuya kudin yankunan da yawa daga cikin tattalin arziki.