Mene ne tushe? Tsarin da kuma ma'anar na kara

Mene ne tushe? A cikin sharuddan ilmin halitta, shi ne wani ɓangare na shuka, a kan abin da ganye da furanni, wanda shi ne mai ci gaba da jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin, dating baya ga asalinsu. Babban aiki na kara ne da bayarwa da ruwa da kuma muhimmanci ma'adanai daga ƙasa zuwa ganye da kuma sauran sassa na shuke-shuke. Green tushe ne ma alhakin abinci da kuma shiga a photosynthesis.

Kara: tsarinta da ma'anar

Nama a karshen na kara Kwayoyin ne iya rarraba da kuma haddasa ta elongation, da ake kira apical meristem. kara yadudduka hada da epidermis - shi ne mai rufi da wani m Layer na musamman Kwayoyin kayan lambu da kakin zuma, wanda ya samar da kariya daga yanayi. Primary nama daura epidermis kuma ciki phloem alhakin rarraba da kayayyakin na photosynthesis da shuka. xylem nama barsu ruwa da kuma ma'adanai daga tushen zuwa sosai saman, ta haka ne samar da tsarin tallafi a cikin shuke-shuke. Yadudduka ne cambium Layer rarraba kyallen takarda damar su girma akwati girma a fadin. The darajar kara ne da farko don samar da muhimmanci abubuwa duka shuka. Idan an lalace ko m bandeji, a kan lokaci, hana abinci kyallen takarda, sannu a hankali fara bushe up. Total asarar faruwa tare da withering bãya daga cikin tushen tsarin. da kara rabo kuma ya hada da wani core wanda aka cika da woody shuke-shuke da haihuwa wuya itace xylem zaruruwa da kuma amfani da katin shaida na shuke-shuke. Yana iya zama m ko m. Its giciye sashe na iya zama zagaye, triangular ko star-dimbin yawa.

waje siffofin

Mene ne tushe da kuma abin da ya kama? A saman kara ne da babban batu na girma. Rabe dake cikinta iya gabatar a cikin nau'i na ganye buds da kuma vegetative haihuwa buds. A musamman yawa shuke-shuke apical hormone auxin damuarn cin gaban lateral buds, game da shi, orienting shuka up, ba zuwa gefe. Idan apical toho an cire a lokacin pruning, da girma na ganye axils kaikaice buds za su ci gaba more rayayye, da kuma kara zai bushy siffar. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, rufe saman modified zanen gado - toho Sikeli, wanda bauta wa kare. A haushi ne m m nama na woody da shuke-shuke, da kuma tasowa da shekaru.

jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin

A jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin da aka wakilta wani cibiyar sadarwa na bututu, ta hanyar da ruwa da kuma gina jiki hawa a ko'ina cikin shuka ta hanyar hada Tushen, kara da ganye. Ba duk da Flora iya fariya kamar mosses da algae ana powered by yaxuwa. Jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke hada flowering da coniferous shuke-shuke da ferns. A tsarin kunshi biyu main tsokoki: da phloem da xylem. Xylem ne cibiyar sadarwa na bututu da cewa transports ruwa da kuma ma'adanai a ko'ina cikin shuka. Bugu da kari, shi kuma samar da wani sakandare aiki - tsarin tallafi, da shi za a iya kwatanta ta da kashin baya, wanda taimaka wajen ci gaba da karkata zuwa ga gaskiya. A irin zane na kara sau da yawa ya dogara da adadin nama, misali, shi ne sosai dauke a cikin bishiya, a cikin launuka na da yawa karami.

Common irin mai tushe

1. Wood. Wadannan sun hada da vertically girma itatuwa tare da mun gwada manyan core, kuma bushes (wardi, inabõbi, blackberries, raspberries).
2. Modified. Alal misali, tulips, furannin bi-rana da kuma baka suna thickened karkashin kasa da kara tare da fleshy ganye. A gladiolus takaice, thickened karkashin kasa da kara tare da gajeren scaly ganye. A matsa core, girma sama da kuma a kasa da tushen da ganye da furanni da strawberry, Dandelion, Afirka Violet.
3. Takamaiman. Alal misali, m harbe na strawberry, toffee.
4. Curly mai tushe (hops, honeysuckle, kore wake).
5. Nau'in na mai tushe kuma sun hada da tuber, kamar dankalin Turawa.
6. Tuberous kara, short da flattened, akwai shi don begonias, dahlias. Ya bambanta da tubers, wanda aka wãtsa rabe, tuberous mai tushe da kawai leaf buds a saman.

tushe aiki

1. Yana goyon bayan da ganye, furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa, su haɗa su tare da asalinsu. Bishiyoyi da shrubs babban tushe ko gangar jikin halin da karfi columnar tsarin.

2. Shi ne mai shugaba na ruwa, gina jiki da kuma photosynthesis kayayyakin. Its kai tsarin da aka shirya saboda haka ya zama zai yiwu a tsaye da kuma a kaikaice motsi a cikin shuka jiki.

3. Ability ya riƙe ruwa da kuma kayayyakin na photosynthesis m aiki na stalks na shuke-shuke, kamar dabino da cacti,

Young 4. kore kara taka wata qananan rawa a samar da abinci saboda da tsari na photosynthesis, amma a wasu jinsunan (msl, cacti) shi ne babban sanda photosynthetic sashin jiki.

5. Shi ne a wajen sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, a da yawa jinsunan shuke-shuke, ciki har da cuttings.

da kara kashi

Duk da tushe na angiosperms, ciki har da wadanda cewa an dauke da modified, da nodes, internodes, buds da ganye. Kumburi - wannan shi ne batu daga abin da girma da ganye ko buds. Plot kira interstice therebetween. Bud - shi ne tayi kara da cewa yana da yuwuwar girma da kuma ci gaba. Yana iya girma a cikin wani flower ko ganye. Wadannan buds ake kira a matsayin leaf buds, buds da kuma buds gauraye. Da yawa daga cikinsu zama a sauran ga wani lokaci, sa'an nan kuma girma up cikin raba sassa ko an hadedde halitta a cikin kara da nama da kuma masu inconspicuous. Bishiyoyi da shrubs, baya daga babban tushe, yawanci ma da gefen rassan, wanda aka haɗe zuwa karami rassan. Bugu da kari da ganye da kuma buds, da kuma da sauran fannin jiki na iya zama ba a cikin nau'i na gashi-kamar outgrowths ne epidermal Kwayoyin, kuma stipules spikes.

tushe Girma

Da yake amsa tambayoyi game da abin da yake da kara, yana da muhimmanci kuma la'akari da size. Domin duk shuke-shuke, shi ne sau da yawa aboveground part, wadda ta tanadi tsarin tallafi da kuma hidima a matsayin matsakanci kuma jagora tsakanin tushen tsarin da ganye. The mai tushe sauye a size daga wani karamin rostochku inabõbi up to 15-mita diamita itace!

darajar

Mene ne tushe? Za mu iya cewa wannan shi ne tsakiyar axis, to wanda aka a haɗe da sauran cikakkun bayanai. Mai shuke-shuke suna located sama da surface, amma a wasu jinsunan iya boye a karkashin kasa tushe. Tsarinta da ma'anar ake inextricably nasaba. Saboda da musamman tsarin ruwa da kuma gina jiki suna tsĩrar da su duka biyu da ganye da asalinsu. Muhimmancin da kara ba za a iya overemphasized, tarewa wannan m jijiya take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa da shuka. Akwai da yawa yiwuwa na masana'antu aikace-aikace, ciki har da woodworking (rajistan ayyukan, makãmashi, kaya maras amfani) Shi ne kuma mai arziki tushen ɓangaren litattafan almara ga papermaking, a wasu iri mai tushe iya zama tushen abinci mai gina jiki. Its zaruruwa a raw siffan wani bangare ne na miyagun ƙwayoyi, latex, tannins, launuka da yafi. Wasu iri mai tushe aka yi amfani ga asexual ko vegetative haifuwa na shuke-shuke.

A babbar yawan aikace-aikace

Akwai dubban jinsunan shuke-shuke, wanda tushe ne na mai da muhimmanci ga aikin noma, kamar dankalin Turawa. Stalks na rake ne babban tushen sukari. Maple sugar da aka samar daga Maple kututturan. Kayan lambu da amfani stalks na bishiyar asparagus, bamboo harbe, kohlrabi da ruwa chestnut. Yaji kirfa - shi ne haushi. Gum arabic ne a abinci ƙari samu daga itacen kututturan. Chicle - wannan shi ne babban sashi da abin taunawa, cirewa daga chicle itace. Daga bamboo yin takarda, furniture, boats, kida, kama kifi da sandunansu, ruwa bututu da kuma ko da gina gidaje. Cork aka samu daga haushi na toshe kwalaba oak. Rattan da ake amfani da furniture da kwanduna yi daga tushe na wurare masu zafi da na itatuwan dabino. A farkon misali na yin amfani da wannan muhimmin ɓangare na shuka Papyrus, rare a zamanin d Misira. Amber - shi ne petrified sap daga bishiya, amfani da ado da kuma iya ƙunsar ragowar tsoho dabbobi. Guduro daga coniferous itace amfani da samar da turpentine da rosin.