Mene ne tsarukan

Aiki duk sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin shi yiwuwa ba tare da kula da shirye-shirye. Wadannan suna tsarukan. Mene ne kwamfuta? Wannan wani hadadden tsarin kunshi babban adadin daban-daban musamman raka'a nodes, da ake kira aka gyara. Alal misali, da ikon samar da sabobin tuba da AC mains ƙarfin lantarki na 220 volts a yawan constants zama dole ga aiki na gyara. graphics katin tafiyar matakai hotunan da kuma nuna su a kan lura da allo. CPU lissafin hannu da sauransu. A wasu kalmomin, da kwamfuta tsarin ne mai tarin hardware aka gyara, batutuwa a cikin guda na'urar. Don co-ordinate aikin duk raka'a, wani tsarin aiki na bukatar. An muhimmin batu: wani daya daga cikinsu (batun kalma tsawon, da kuma sauran bukatun) za a iya shigar a kwamfutarka.

Don rage wuya da fahimtar da Kalmar "tsarin aiki", za ka iya amfani da misalin wani mutum: da hardware na kwamfuta - wannan jiki; Ikon shirye-shirye - mai juyayi tsarin da kwakwalwarmu tare da wani sa na reflexes. da aikace-aikace shirin da aka gabatar tunani, nufi, da ra'ayin. Kafa wata tawagar matsayi: tunani - reflexes - jikin (aikin). Hakika, wannan bayani gaskiya ne kawai tare da reservations, amma damar "a kan yatsunsu" don ya bayyana abin da Tsarukan aiki. A gaskiya ma, su ne wani irin buffer tsakanin shirin da aka gyara da kuma mai amfani.

Babu aikace-aikace ba za a iya yin waje da tsarin aiki. Ko da a cikin farkon kwanaki na sarrafa kwamfuta, a lokacin da a Windows, Linux, Mac OS aikin ya kasance yiwu godiya ga DOS. Af, wannan acronym tsaye ga Disk Operating System.

Bisa ga Hanyar aiki, duk da irin wannan mafita za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin: real-lokaci, tare da division, tsari jobs. A farko mai amfani da hulda da aka yarda (ko waje tashoshi) a cikin tsari na yin lissafin. Haka kuma, sakamakon canza. Lokaci sharing ya shafi kisan mahara ayyuka, amma da azumi sharuddan sauyawa da processor tsakanin su da cewa halitta da mafarki na ci gaba. A baki ne ma zai yiwu. Amma tsari aiki ne ta samar da wata jerin jobs da kuma aikawa da su zuwa ga yin. Daidai data iya zama kawai a kan jinkiri tsakanin fakitoci.

Duk wani tsarin aiki na samar da iri uku interactions: mai amfani da aikace-aikace da shirye-shirye da kuma hardware aka gyara, data kõguna a tsakãninsu. Domin saukaka wa mai amfani da aka zana ke dubawa da aka halitta - da ilhama sa na hotuna, gumaka, aiki tare da cewa mutumin ya haifar da dokoki da tsarin (a cikin atomatik "m" Yanayin). All zamani mafita - wato graphics. Wadannan sun hada da iyali na Windows, Linux da Apple tsarin aiki. Aikin ta hanyar da umurnin line yanzu sau da yawa sayar a matsayin kari. Togiya - sosai na musamman na'urorin.

Tun da mafi yawan mutane ba mamaki yadda yake aiki shigar a kwamfutarka tsarin aiki, da zabi aka sanya, na farko, don saukaka amfani da dubawa. Shi ne daban-daban ba kawai a cikin bayyanar, amma kuma da harshe. Saboda haka, Rasha tsarin aiki ne mafi rare a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet.