Mene ne rigakafi? M rigakafi, m rigakafi dalilai

Lokacin da waje abu a cikin jiki kare lafiyar dan adam samun rigakafi. A yadda aka raya, shi ya dogara da hadarin ƙulla cututtuka. Saboda haka, kebantattun - wannan shi ne jiki ta ikon yin tsayayya da dan hanya mamayar.

Na rigakafi da tsarin ne a kusa da hadin gwiwa tare da sauran tsarin a cikin jikin mutum. Saboda haka, misali, akwai to shi juyayi ko endocrine cututtuka za su rage rigakafi, da kuma low rigakafi, bi da bi, da dukan jiki ne iya lahanta.

Aka bayyana cikin jiki kariya ne zuwa kashi biyu iri: Immmunity nakasar da samu. Bugu da ari, mafi, za mu gaya game da fasali da kuma hanyoyin da mataki.

M rundunar tsaro

Kowane an haifi mutum da ta tsaro siffofin, wanda yin up tsarin na rigakafi. M rigakafi da aka gada da kuma tafiya tare da dan adam rayuwa.

A haihuwa, da jariri daga bakararre mahaifar shiga cikin wani sabon duniya domin shi, inda shi nan da nan fara kai farmaki mafi kuma ba m microorganisms cewa iya tsanani cutar da jaririn ta kiwon lafiya. Amma da yake ba da lafiya a lokaci daya. Yana kawai ya faru saboda a tafiyad da wannan microbes taimaka jiki zuwa jariri halitta m rigakafi.

Kowane jiki yana yaƙi nasu ciki tsaro. da m rigakafi da tsarin ke da isasshen ƙarfi, amma shi ya dogara da gadar hali na mutum.

Formation na jiki ta kare

M rigakafi fara da samuwar lokacin da yaro yana a cikin mahaifa. Riga daga watan biyu na ciki kayansa mãsu barbashi, wanda zai zama da alhakin yaro ta aminci. Suna samar daga kara Kwayoyin, sa'an nan fada a cikin baƙin ciki. Yana phagocytes - sel m rigakafi. Sun yi aiki akayi daban-daban da kuma ba su kwafi masu kunnen doki. Su na asali aiki ne neman maƙiya abubuwa a cikin jiki (antigens) da kuma neutralizing su.

Ya ce tsari na faruwa via takamaiman phagocytosis sunadaran:

1. Phagocyte motsa zuwa ga antigen.
2. A haɗe da shi.
3. Kunna phagocyte membrane.
4. A barbashi ne ko dai kõma a cikin keji, da kuma gefuna da membrane an rufe kan shi, ko kuwa aka kafa pseudopodia, enveloping ta.
5. A vacuole da kewaye a cikinta waje barbashi shigar da lysosomes dauke da narkewa kamar enzymes.
6. A antigen aka halakar da kuma narkewar.
7. A ƙasƙanci kayayyakin an saki daga cell.

A cikin jiki akwai kuma cytokines - sigina kwayoyin. Bayan ganewa na m abubuwa da suka sa phagocytes. Amfani cytokines, phagocytic Kwayoyin iya sa su taimake sauran phagocytic Kwayoyin zuwa antigen da kuma kunna dormant Kwayoyin.

Kariya a wurin aiki

A mataki na jiki ta jure cutar taka muhimmiyar rawa tsarin na rigakafi. M rigakafi a irin haka ne, jiki na samar da kariya ga 60%. Wannan na faruwa via da wadannan sunadaran:

• kasancewa na halitta shinge a cikin jiki: da mucous membranes, fata da kuma sebaceous gland, da dai sauransu...
• na hanta.
• aiki na da ake kira dace da tsarin kunsha 20 gina jiki hada da hanta.
• phagocytosis.
• interferon, NK-Kwayoyin, NKT-Kwayoyin.
• anti-kumburi cytokines.
• halitta antibodies.
• antimicrobial peptides.

Gado ikon hallaka kasashen waje abubuwa, yawanci a cikin ni'imar da farko line na kariya da lafiyar dan adam. A sunadaran da m rigakafi da irin wannan alama, kamar yadda ciwon effects cewa sauri samar halakar da pathogen, ba tare da shiri, saukarwa. Mucous membranes asirce gamsai, wanda ya hana wani yiwu abin da aka makala na kwayoyin, da kuma motsi na cilia clears numfashi fili daga kasashen waje barbashi.

M rigakafi ba ya canja, da kuma shi ne sarrafawa da genes gaji. NK-sel (abin da ake kira halitta kisan gillar) m tsaro farauto pathogens kafa a cikin jiki, - shi zai yi dako da cutar ko ƙari Kwayoyin. Idan lambar kuma aiki na NK-Kwayoyin da dama, cutar fara ci gaba.

samu rigakafi

Idan m rigakafi ne ba a cikin mutane daga haihuwa, ya samu bayyana a cikin tsari na rayuwa. Ya zo a cikin iri biyu:

1. Da sauƙi samu - kafa a aiwatar da rayuwa a matsayin mayar da martani ga shigar da jiki antigens da pathogens.
2. Artificially samu - kafa a sakamakon alurar riga kafi.

A antigen maganin gudanar, da kuma jiki amsa ga halarce. Fahimtar da "maƙiyi", jiki samar antibodies don kawar da shi. Bugu da kari, yayin da antigen zauna a ƙwaƙwalwar cell, da kuma a yanayin saukan wani sabon mamayewa, ya ma za a hallaka.

Saboda haka, akwai wani "immunological memory" a cikin jiki. An samo rigakafi iya zama "bakararre", da cewa an kiyaye da kuma rayuwa, amma a mafi yawan lokuta shi wanzu a matsayin dogon kamar yadda jiki yake cutarwa pathogen.

Principles ga Kariya daga m kuma Na'urar rigakafi

kariya ka'idojin a cikin shugabanci - halakar qeta abubuwa. Amma wannan m rigakafi yãki tare da m barbashi via kumburi da kuma phagocytosis, da kuma amfani da samu antibodies da kuma rigakafi Kwayoyin.

Aiki kare wadannan biyu m. yabo tsarin shine matsakanci tsakanin su, tare da ci gaba da aka tabbatar via rigakafi martani. Saboda haka, daga NK-Kwayoyin suna da wani ɓangare na m rigakafi, da kuma suka nuna cytokines, wanda, bi da bi, da tsara aiki na T-lymphocytes, danganawa da saye.

Inganta shamaki Properties

Na'urar rigakafi, m rigakafi - duk wannan shi ne guda interconnected tsarin, kuma ta haka ne don karfafa shi bukatar wani Hadakar m. Kana bukatar ka kula na jiki a matsayin dukan, wannan ya taimaka:

• isa jiki aiki.
• dace abinci mai gina jiki.
• m yanayi.
• ci na bitamin.
• m airing na cikin dakin da kuma kula da shi a cikin wani m zafin jiki da kuma zafi.

Abinci mai gina jiki kuma taka wata rawa a cikin tasiri na rigakafi da tsarin. Don yin aiki da shi da kyau, rage cin abinci dole ne ba:

• nama.
• kifi.
• kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itãce;
• abincin teku.
• kiwo kayayyakin.
• kore shayi.
• kwayoyi.
• hatsi.
• legumes.

ƙarshe

Daga sama a fili yake cewa muna bukatar wani da raya rigakafi da tsarin al'ada mutum rayuwa. M kuma samu rigakafi ne juna da kuma taimaka jiki rabu da cutarwa infiltrated cikinta barbashi. Kuma sabõda ingancin aikin ka bukatar ka daina miyagun halaye da kuma kula da lafiya salon, ba don rushe da rayuwar "tallafa" Kwayoyin.