Nau'in ji ba gani. Rawar da hormones a cikin jikin mutum

Hormones kira sinadaran tsarin dokoki na cikakken tsarin na tsari na jikin ayyuka. Wannan inherently daban-daban abubuwa iya zuwa aika da sakonni Kwayoyin. wadannan interactions ne sakamakon da canji a cikin shugabanci da kuma tsanani da metabolism, girma da kuma ci gaba, da ƙaddamar da muhimmanci ayyuka ko su danniya da kuma gyara.

Hormone - shi ne wani kwayoyin sunadarai kira wanda fitowa a endocrine gland ko endocrine rabo gauraye endocrine gland. Suna kasaftawa kai tsaye zuwa ciki yanayi, a cikin abin da ka rarraba da kuma hawa zuwa Target gabobin. A nan suna iya exert mai nazarin halittu sakamako wanda aka gane ta wajen rabe. Saboda kowane hormone yana da m bayani dalla-dalla na musamman tsoka mai amsa sigina. Wannan yana nufin cewa wadannan abubuwa shafi daya aiki ko tsari a cikin jiki. Rarrabuwa da mataki na ji ba gani, nama tropism da kuma sinadaran tsarin da aka nuna mafi fili.

A general ra'ayin muhimmancin hormones

Modern rarrabuwa na hormones ya wadãtu da wadannan abubuwa daga mahara wuraren view. Kuma su a haɗe da abu daya: a hormone kira hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi, wanda kira na faruwa ne kawai a cikin jiki. Kasancewarsu ne halayyar kusan duk vertabrate a cikin abin da tsari na jikin ayyuka ne ma a auna aikin humoral da kuma juyayi tsarin. Kuma ya bayyana a baya fiye da a cikin phylogeny na juyayi humoral dokokin tsarin. Ko da a cikin m dabbobi ta yi, ko da yake ta da alhakin mafi asali ayyuka.

Hormones da kuma ilimin aiki abubuwa

An yi imani da cewa sosai tsarin na nazarin halittu aiki abubuwa (Bas) da kuma takamaiman rabe ga su ne halayyar ko for Kwayoyin. Duk da haka, manufar "hormone" da "Bas" ba m. Hormone kira Bas, wanda aka secreted cikin da ciki yanayi da kuma yana da tasiri daga wani m kungiyar na sel. Bas, bi da bi, ya aikata gida. Misalai na ilimin aiki abubuwa, wanda ake ma ake magana a kai a matsayin hormone-kamar abubuwa ne chalones. Wadannan abubuwa suna saki cell yawan, a cikinsa hana haifuwa da kuma tsara apoptosis. Wani misali na Bas ne ma prostaglandins. Modern rarrabuwa na hormones allocates zuwa gare su musamman kungiyar na eicosanoids. Suna yi nufi ga gida tsari na kumburi a cikin tsokoki da a gudanar da wani hemostatic matakai a matakin arterioles.

Chemical rarrabuwa na hormones

Hormones ne sinadaran tsarin raba da dama kungiyoyin. Wannan ya raba su da tsari na mataki, saboda wadannan abubuwa da daban-daban yi tropism zuwa ruwa da kuma lipids. Saboda haka, da sinadaran rarrabuwa na hormones ne kamar haka:

• peptide kungiyar (kasaftawa da pituitary gland shine yake, da hypothalamus, da pancreas, kuma parathyroid gland shine yake) ;
• steroid kungiyar (endocrine kasaftawa bangare na namiji gonads da adrenal cortical yankunan).
• wani rukuni na amino acid Kalam (kafa ta thyroid gland shine yake da adrenal kwakwalwa Layer).
• kungiyar na eicosanoids (alama Kwayoyin suna hada daga arachidonic acid).

Abin lura shi ne cewa mace jima'i hormones ana kuma hada a steroid kungiyar. Duk da haka, steroids ne da kuma manyan ba: rinjayar hormones na da irin wannan ba a hade tare da anabolic sakamako. Kamar wancan ne su metabolism ba ya haifar da samuwar 17-ketosteroids. ovarian ji ba gani, ko fasali mai kama da sauran steroids, amma suka ba su. Saboda ana hada daga cholesterol, ya rage wuya asali sinadaran sukayi fassara, suna ranked kamar yadda sauran steroids.

Rarrabuwa a wuri na kira

Hormonal jamiái iya rarrabu kuma a wuri na kira. Wasu suna kafa a gefe kyallen takarda, yayin da wasu - a tsakiya m tsarin. A wannan dogara hanyar da mugunya, kuma saki wani abu da zai sa a musamman ganin su effects. Nau'in hormones a wani wuri kamar wannan:

• hypothalamic hormones (sakewa dalilai).
• pituitary (Tropic hormones, vasopressin da oxytocin).
• thyroid (calcitonin, triiodothyronine da tetraiodothyronine).
• parathyroid (parathyroid hormone).
• nedpochechnikovye (norepinephrine, epinephrine, aldosterone, cortisol, androgens).
• jima'i (oestrogens, androgens).
• pancreatic (glucagon, insulin).
• masana'anta (leukotrienes, prostaglandins).
• APUD hormones (motilin, gastrin, da dai sauransu).

A karshe kungiyar na hormonal abubuwa ba cikakken gane. An hada a most rukuni na endocrine gland located in na sama sassan na hanji, hanta da kuma pancreas. Su nufi shi ne don tsara exocrine mugunya narkewa kamar gland da hanji motility.

Nau'in hormones a kan sakamako irin

Daban-daban hormonal abubuwa da daban-daban effects a nazarin halittu kyallen takarda. Sun kasu kashi da wadannan kungiyoyin:

• rayuwa gwamnoni (glucagon, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, cortisol, insulin).
• iko da ayyuka na sauran endocrine gland (hypothalamus sakewa dalilai, Tropic pituitary hormones).
• gwamnoni da na alli da phosphorus metabolism (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin da calcitriol).
• gwamnoni da ruwa-gishiri ma'auni (vasopressin, aldosterone).
• gwamnoni da na haihuwa aiki (jima'i hormones).
• stressor hormones (norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol).
• controls da kuma takaita girma kudi na cell division (girma hormone, insulin, tetraiodothyronine).
• gwamnoni da na tsakiya m tsarin, da limbic tsarin (hydrocortisone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, testosterone).

Mugunya hormones da kuma harkokin sufuri

Mugunya hormones faruwa nan da nan bayan da kira. Suna fada kai tsaye a cikin jini, ko tsoka ruwa. Last wuri mugunya halayyar eicosanoids: dole ne su yi aiki daga Kwayoyin, saboda aiki na gudãnar da dukan masana'anta na yawan jama'a. Kuma ovarian hormones, pituitary, pancreas, da kuma wasu da jini baza a ko'ina cikin jiki a cikin search na da manufa gabobin da suke da takamaiman rabe a gare su. Daga cikin jini suka samu a intercellular ruwa, wanda aka aiko zuwa cell da manufa sashin jiki.

Signal canja wuri a kan tsoka mai amsa sigina

The sama rarrabuwa na hormones daidai da abu na sakamako a kan kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin. Ko da yake wannan mai yiwuwa ne kawai bayan da dauri na sinadaran da tsoka mai amsa sigina. Recent ne daban-daban da kuma suna located a farfajiya na sel kuma a cikin cytoplasm, a kan makaman nukiliya membrane kuma a cikin tsakiya. Saboda Hanyar siginar watsa abubuwa kasu kashi biyu iri:

• extracellular watsa inji;
• sigina transduction.

Wannan asali rarrabuwa na hormones damar zuwa zana karshe game da siginar watsa gudun. Alal misali, an extracellular inji shi ne muhimmanci da sauri fiye da kwayuka. Shi ne halayyar adrenaline, noradrenaline da sauran peptide ji ba gani. Kwayuka inji shi ne hali na lipophilic steroids. Bugu da ƙari, domin amfanin da kwayoyin da aka samu da sauri a cikin kira na peptides ne. Bayan samar da steroid hormones, shi ne yawa hankali da su siginar transduction inji ma slows larura gina jiki kira da maturation.

Halayyar yi sigina iri

A extracellular inji shi ne halayyar peptide hormones, wanda ba zai iya samun baya da cytoplasmic membrane cikin cytoplasm ba tare da wani takamaiman transporter gina jiki. Per se ba a bayar, da kuma siginar da aka daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar da adenylate cyclase tsarin ta canza conformation da tsoka mai amsa sigina gidaje a gare shi.

Kwayuka inji shi ne yawa sauki. Yana yana da za'ayi bayan shigar azzakari cikin farji na lipophilic abubuwa a cikin cell, inda ta hadu da tare da cytoplasmic tsoka mai amsa sigina. Tare da shi, shi Forms da hormone-tsoka mai amsa sigina hadaddun, wanda ya shiga cikin tsakiya da kuma yana da wani sakamako a kan takamaiman genes. Su kunnawa take kaiwa zuwa fara gina jiki kira, wanda yake da kwayoyin sakamako na wannan hormone. Da ainihin sakamako ne riga mai gina jiki da cewa shirya so aiki bayan ta kira da kuma ilimi.