Mene ne phosphorus da bama-bamai? Phosphorus da bama-bamai - sakamakon. Action phosphoric ragargaza

Tare da ci gaban jirgin sama da fasaha, da ake amfani da yaƙi, bukata harsasai, da iya nishadantarwa surface sojojin na makiya a cikin wani babban yanki. Incendiary ragargaza kasance a kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na farko. Sun kasance sũ ne m na'urorin, kunsha na wani tanki da kananzir da kuma inertial fis, wanda aiki a matsayin tushen ga talakawa bindiga harsashi.

A cikin 30s na karshe karni aka yi amfani da saka bom, a abin da ake kira sinadarin phosphate da bukukuwa. Ciko su bauta rawaya phosphorus a cikin nau'i na granules na size 15-20 mm. By faduwa irin ball kunna shi, amma kusa da ƙasa kona barbashi phosphorus propaliv harsashi a warwatse ta rufe da wuta ruwan sama babbar yankin. Yana da aka yi amfani da matsayin sputtering Hanyar kafa a kan wuta katsin a musamman tankuna na jirgin sama a low tsawo.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, mutãne farko koya cewa irin wannan phosphoric bam a cikin wani nau'i a wadda ta wanzu a yau. Shi ne mai ganga cika da bukukuwa phosphorus yin la'akari 100 zuwa 300 grams, a total nauyi na har zuwa daya ton. Irin wannan ordnance ragu daga wani tsawo na game 2 km da kuma fashe 300 mita daga ƙasa. Yau phosphorus incendiary bawo a kan tushen da karfi sojojin a duniya zauna da wani gwaji na duk harsasai amfani ga harin bom.

fari phosphorus

Daga cikin dukan combustible kayayyakin amfani a cikin incendiary harsasai, fari phosphorus yana da wani wuri na musamman. Wannan shi ne saboda ta musamman sinadaran Properties, da farko tare da konewa zafin jiki kai 800-1000 digiri Celsius. Wani muhimmin factor a cikin ikon wannan abu da aka dauke su ƙone spontaneously a lamba tare da oxygen a cikin iska. Burning, farin phosphorus zai samar da m mai guba hayaki, wadda ma sa ciki konewa na numfashi fili da kuma guba na jiki.

A kashi na 0.05-0.1 g mutuwa ga mutum. A fari phosphorus artificially ko a cikin hulda da phosphate apatites da silica da coke, a zazzabi na 1600 digiri. Outwardly, ya kama da kakin zuma, sauƙi maras kyau da kuma yanke, wanda ya sa shi sosai m ga ciko wani ammonium. Akwai kuma bama-bamai, ya cika da plasticized fari phosphorus. Plasticization aka samu da kara a danko sosai bayani na roba roba.

Iri incendiary fari phosphorus tarin harsasai

Yau akwai da dama iri na makamai, tareda žata wani abu wanda yake da farin phosphorus:

• bam;
• roka.
• manyan bindigogi bawo.
• turmi bawo.
• hannu da gurneti.

A mafi hatsari ne na farko iri biyu harsasai, kamar yadda suka yi ya fi girma dangi da sauran na daukan hankali m.

Mene ne wani phosphoric bam

Modern phosphorus da bama-bamai - wannan jirgin sama harsasai, wanda ya kunshi mai gidaje, wani da man fetur filler kamar fari phosphorus ko hadaddun gaurayawan da dama a kyauta, da kuma wani inji for ta ƙonewa. Su za a iya raba iri biyu bisa ga Hanyar actuation: a cikin iska bayan da tasiri da surface. Da farko actuated detonator sarrafawa, dangane da ake so tsawo da kuma airspeed na jirgin sama, da karshen kai tsaye fashe a kan tasiri.

The gidaje na irin bama-bamai sukan sanya daga wani gami da man fetur da ake kira "electron", kunsha na magnesium da aluminum, wanda aka ƙone tare da cakuda. Sau da yawa kara zuwa phosphorus sauran combustibles, msl napalm ko thermite, wanda ma qara konewa zafin jiki na cakuda. Action phosphoric bama-bamai kamar wani bam cika da napalm. Yanayin zafi na biyu abubuwa konewa ne kamar m (800-1000 ° C), amma ga phosphorus da napalm a zamani harsasai wannan kudi ya wuce 2,000 pp ^˚

The Air Force yana da wasu sojojin incendiary tari da bama-bamai, wanda suke na musamman ganga cika da dama kananan bama-bamai. Jefar da ganga ne sarrafawa ta a kan-jirgin monitoring tsarin da kuma bayyana, kasancewa a wani tsawo, wanda damar da babban tarin harsasai buga manufa mafi daidai. Domin ya fahimci abin da phosphoric bam a mataki, dole ne ka zama sane da barazanar da ta shafi dalilai.

dalilai da shafi

Lokacin amfani fari phosphorus a matsayin flammable abu domin ragargaza sami dama tareda žata dalilai:

• karfi bira daga konewa daga cikin cakuda a zazzabi har zuwa 2000 C ^˚ haddasa konewa, m rauni, kuma m mutuwa.
• m gas, cramps da kuma kona haramta motsa airway.
• oxygen ƙona a cikin ƙasa na aikace-aikace, abu don saboda cunkoso.
• m buga sa ta sawa.

Phosphoric kananan bam fashe a daidai tsawo, karin wani yanki na 100-200 murabba'in mita, rufe duk a kusa da wuta. Samun a kan jikin mutum, barbashi slag da kuma kona phosphorus sanda da kuma carbonize da kwayoyin nama. Iya bice, tarewa damar da oxygen.

Musamman phosphorus da bama-bamai ana kuma amfani da tafiyar da abokan gaba, kasancewa a cikin tsari. Preheated zuwa 1500-2000 ^˚ C ya ƙone da man fetur cakuda iya makamai da kuma ko kankare benaye, da kuma la'akari da cewa a irin wannan yanayin zafi da sauri ƙona oxygen a cikin iska, da chances na rayuwa, a ɓõye, a cikin ginshiki, da dugout ko wasu tsari, kusan babu.

Yana da aka ta strangulation mutuwar daruruwan fararen hula na K'abilan Biyetnam mutane a lokacin daya daga cikin hare-haren na Amurka Air Force. Wadannan mutane da aka yanka a pre-Dug dugouts, ba da ciwon wani ra'ayi game da abin da wani phosphoric bam.

A sakamakon na yin amfani da fari phosphorus tarin harsasai

A lokacin konewa napalm da phosphorus saki taro na mai guba da sinadarai cikin yanayi, gami da dioxins - mai iko guba abu mallakan karfi carcinogenic da mutagenic. A Amurka Air Force a lokacin da Vietnam yakin neman rayayye amfani napalm da phosphorus da bama-bamai. Gurbin konewa kayayyakin daga cikin wadannan abubuwa a kan jikin mutum za a iya lura a wannan lokaci. A wuraren da cewa an hõre irin wannan bombardment, da kuma a yau yara, ana haifuwarsu ne tare da tsanani munanan kuma maye gurbi.

Haramta na bama-bamai phosphate

White phosphorus tarin harsasai ba su a hukumance alaka makaman kare dangi, amma su yi amfani da aka iyakance da yarjejeniya da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Wannan daftarin aiki shirya su amfani ga soja dalilai, da kuma haramta yin amfani ga kai hare-hare a kan m abubuwa. Bisa ga yarjejeniya, phosphorus da bama-bamai aka haramta amfani a populated yankunan da su kewaye, har idan akwai sansanonin soja.

Known facts na fari phosphorus tarin harsasai a zamaninmu

A lokacin zama na Cambodia a 1980s na karshe karni, da Vietnam sojojin amfani jirgin sama unguided roka, tuhuma da fari phosphorus, domin lalata "Khmer Rouge". Amsawa phosphorous bawo aka yi amfani da Birtaniya leken a 2003 kusa da birnin Basra a kasar Iraki.

A shekara daga baya, a kasar Iraki, da Amurka Army an riga an yi amfani da yaki don Fallujah phosphorus da bama-bamai. Hotuna da sakamakon harin bom da ka gani a cikin labarin. A 2006 da kuma 2009, da Israeli sojojin amfani da fari phosphorus tarin harsasai a lokacin da Na biyu Lebanon War kuma zirin Gaza a lokacin Operation "A jefa Gubar".

Yadda za a kare da daukan hotuna da kona phosphorus

Domin mafi kyau kare kansu daga tareda žata dalilai na phosphorus harsasai, shi wajibi ne don a fili ayyana irin amfani na Armed. A cikin hali na yin amfani da phosphorous da bama-bamai, da jirgin sama, tare da tashi saukar da harshen wutar da kuma lokacin farin ciki farin hayaki ko kona bayan da fashewar yankin, nan da nan ka bar shafa yankin, motsi a cikin shugabanci na nevetrenuyu.

Kamar yadda masu neman amfani da sarari mafi tare da karfi da overlapping da kuma tilasta samun iska. Idan irin wannan wuraren ba a iya samu, amfani cellars, ramuka, rami, motocin, rufe kanta tare da improvised wajen, wanda za a iya yi aiki a matsayin wani karfe ko na katako bangarori, allon, alfarwansu, da dai sauransu, qazanta tuna cewa za su samar da kawai gajere kariya.

Domin numfashi kariya wajibi ne a yi amfani da tace masks, respirators ko taushi, kyalle soaked a cikin wani bayani na yin burodi soda. Bayan lamba tare da kona cakuda a waje tufafi ko a fata dole su bice wutar, rufe da rauni site nama, tarewa da damar da oxygen. A wani hali na iya tilasta saukar da shafa da harshen wuta tun da konewa yanki iya ta haka ne za ya karu. Ba a yarda a gare quenching da kuma aikace-aikace na ruwa dangane da yiwuwar spraying a combustible cakuda. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa zatushennye fari phosphorus barbashi iya ƙone sake.