Mene ne Orthodox Church?

Sau da yawa jin magana "Greek-Katolika Orthodox Orthodox Church." Wannan kiwata da yawa tambayoyi. Kamar yadda Orthodox Church iya zama a daya kuma lokaci guda a Katolika? Ko da kalmar "Katolika" na nufin wani abu mabanbanta? Kalmar "ai da" kuma an ba da gane. Yana yana amfani ga Yahudawa, a hankali bi a rayuwarsa na Attaura dokokin, ko da 'yan akidu. Alal misali, za ka iya ji da kalmar "ai da akidar Karl Marx". A lokaci guda a cikin harshen Turanci da kuma sauran kasashen yamma harsuna, "da Orthodox Church" ne synonymous tare da "Orthodox". Menene asirin nan? Za mu yi kokarin bayyana da shubuhohi hade da Orthodox (Orthodox) Church a cikin wannan labarin. Amma kana bukatar ka farko a fili ayyana sharuddan.

Orthodoxy da orthopraxy

Yesu ya ce wa almajiransa: "Wanda Ya tãrayya da kõwa a umarnaina, da kuma rayuwa bisa gare su, zan kwatanta hikima mutum ya gina gidansa a kan dutse. Kuma wanda ya raba da dokokinsa, amma shi ba ya yi su, zan kwatanta su da wani wawan mutum wanda ya gina gidansa a kan rairayi "(Mat 7 :. 24-26). Cewa, wannan magana ya yi da orthodoxy da orthopraxy? Dukansu sharuddan dauke da kalmar Helenanci orthos. Yana nufin "dama, a mike, dama." Yanzu la'akari bambanci tsakanin orthodoxy da orthopraxy.

A Girkanci kalmar doxa nufin "ra'ayi, koyarwa." A "praxia" ya gana da Rasha Kalmar "yi aiki." A wannan haske, ya bayyana cewa orthodoxy yana nufin daidai rukunan. Amma yake da isasshen? Lalle ne waɗanda suka yi saurãre da hannun jari da koyarwar Almasihu za a iya kira Orthodox. Amma a farkon coci, da mayar da hankali da aka ba a kan daidai rukunan, da kuma a kan kiyaye umarnan - "na qwarai." Duk da haka, a karshen na uku karni da shi suka kafa Canon, ka'idodin addini. The Orthodox Church ya zama wani wuri na muhimmancin gaske shi ne rabuwar gaskiya koyarwa, "dama ga ɗaukakar Allah." Kuma abin da game da dokokinsa? Orthopraxy ko ta yaya hankali janye. Kwari riko ga dukan bukatun da akida Church tabbatar da tarihi muhimmanci.

Orthodoxy da heterodoxy

Kamar yadda muka ambata, da kalmar bayyana a cikin Kristanci a karshen na uku karni. Ana amfani da uzuri, ciki har da Evseviem Kesariyskim. A cikin "History of the Church," marubucin yana nufin Clement na Alexandria da kuma Irenaeus na Lyons "jakadun orthodoxy." Kuma da zaran kalmar da ake amfani da matsayin antonym da Kalmar "heterodoxy". Yana nufin "da sauran koyaswa". Duk ra'ayoyi da cewa coci bai dauki a Canon, shi yana qaryata kamar yadda karkata. Tun lokacin Justinian hukumar (VI c) da kalmar "ai da" an yi amfani da quite a baje. A 843, da coci yanke shawarar a kan na farko Lahadi na Lent kira ranar rabo daga Orthodoxy.

Sauran rukunan Kirista, ko idan da mabiyansa i bi Yesu dokokinsa, kuma suka aikata su, sun reprehensible a cikin babban coci. Heterodoxy an fara da za a kira karkatacciyar koyarwa. Bin wannan Kirista ƙungiyõyi bi haramta shi cibiyoyin kamar Inquisition da taron majalisar Krista. A 1054, akwai wani karshe tsaga tsakanin gabas da yamma kwatance da Kristanci. Kalmar "Orthodox Church" zama da aka sani da rukunan da sarki na Konstantinoful.

Catholicity - abin da yake da shi?

Kristi ya ce wa almajiransa, "Ina biyu ko uku ne suka hallara a sunana, akwai ina cikinsu so" (Matiyu 18:20.). Wannan yana nufin cewa coci ne duk inda akwai akalla daya, har ma da karami al'umma. "Catholicity" - a Helenanci. Yana nufin "janar look", "duniya." Ga ka kuma iya tuna alkawarin da Yesu ya ba wa manzanninsa: "Ku tafi, wa'azi ga dukan al'ummai." A wani ɓangaren da hankali, catholicity nufin "duniya".

Ba kamar na zamani da na farkon Ikilisiya, Yahudanci, wanda ya kasa addini Yahudawa, Kiristanci da'awa rufe dukan oikoumene. Amma da versatility na catholicity da wani ma'ana. Kowanne sashi na coci da cikar duk tsarki. Wannan matsayi ne shared da biyu kwatance da Kristanci. A Roman Church aka kira Katolika (Katolika). Amma ta Canon da'awar m ikon da shugaban Kirista a matsayin vicar Kristi ne a duniya. Greek-Katolika Orthodox Church, ma, da'awar da za a yada a ko'ina cikin duniya. Duk da haka, ko da yake shugaban da shi, kuma ya kasance da sarki, Ikklisiyoyi da cikakken 'yancin kai daga juna.

Orthodoxy da Katolika

All Kirista ƙungiyõyi ta definition da'awar yada addinin su ko'ina a ƙasar, ko da kuwa kasar akidar mũminai. A wannan yanayi, Orthodoxy, Katolika da kuma Protestantism sunyi baki daya. Mene ne Rasha Orthodox Church? Wannan batu ya kamata a ba fiye da hankali. Amma a yanzu za mu mayar da hankali a kan batun na bambancin tsakanin Orthodox da Katolika.

Kafin farkon na biyu Millennium, shi bai wanzu ba. Saboda haka, mãsu uzuri daga na farko ƙarni na Kristanci, Ubanni na Church da kuma tsarkaka, wanda ya rayu har 1054 (karshe tsaga), girmama matsayin a Katolika da kuma Orthodoxy. Tun karshen farko Millennium na Roman curia ikirarin more kuma mafi ikon da ya so ya subjugate Sauran bautarsa. A tsari wanda aka kamala a cikin juna rarrabuwa na Great sãɓãni kawai sabõda, a sakamakon wanda da Paparoma da sarki na Konstantinoful kira juna dissenters. Fourth Lateran Council na Roman Church m da Orthodox kamar yadda Litattafansu.

keɓewa,

A Orthodox Orthodox Church, kazalika a Katolika, a mai da muhimmanci da aka bai wa sacrament na keɓewa,. Wannan kalma, kamar sauran addini sharuddan, ya zo daga Girkanci harshe. The yanka na keɓewa elevates mutumin da mutunci da firistoci, yana ba shi da alherin Mai Tsarki ibadar da hakkin ya yi Ruhu.

An yi imani da cewa Church of Allah ya kafa Ubangiji a ranar Fentikos. Sa'an nan da Manzanni cike da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Bisa ga umarnin da aka ba su ta hanyar Almasihu, suka tafi don su daban-daban kusurwa ta duniya ya yi wa'azi da sabon addini "duk harsuna." Manzanni shige da alherin da Ruhu Mai Tsarki don su mãsu mayẽwa ta hanyar kwanciya a kan na hannayensu.

Bayan da babban sãɓãni kawai sabõda na bishops na Katolika da kuma Orthodox Ikklisiya "Eucharistic ba ruwaito." Wancan ne, ba su gane ba da musamman abokan adawar sacrament tasiri. "M tarayya" da aka kai bayan Vatican II tsakanin majami'u. Saboda haka, a wasu lokuta, suna bauta hadin gwiwa ibadar.

Yadda aka Rasha Orthodox Church

Hadishi furta cewa Slavic ƙasashe wa'azi da kuma yada Kiristanci Manzo Andrey Pervozvanny. Har ƙasar, inda Rasha Federation ne a yanzu, shi ne ya ba sauko, amma baftisma mutane a Romania, Thrace, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Girka, Scythia.

Kievan Rus soma Kiristanci Greek samfurin. Sarki Konstantinoful Nicholas II Hrisoverg wajabta farko Metropolitan Michael. Wannan taron ya faru a 988, a zamanin mulkin Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Na dogon lokaci, Lardi na Kyiv Rus 'kasance a ƙarƙashin iko na Greek Orthodox Church.

A 1240 akwai mamayewa na Tatar-Mongol hordes. Metropolitan Joseph aka kashe. Magajinsa, Max, koma da kursiyinsa a Vladimir a kan Klyazma a 1299 Kuma suka gãje shi a cikin Almasihu, ko da yake, da kuma kira kansu "Lardi na Kiev", a gaskiya, ya zauna a cikin ƙasa na Moscow princedom. A 1448, akwai wani cikakken dissociation na Moscow archdiocese na Kiev da shawarar da Majalisar, wadda cike bishop Ryazanskiy Iona, ya yi kira kansa "Lardi na Kiev" (amma a gaskiya - Moscow).

Kiev da kuma Moscow Patriarchate - akwai wani bambanci?

Lamarin bar taron ba tare da albarkar da sarki na Konstantinoful. Shekaru goma daga baya, na gaba na MDD ya bayyana a fili cikakken detachment daga Kiev. Jonah ta gaje, Theodosius, ya zama da aka sani da "Lardi na Moscow da kuma All mai girma na Rasha." Amma wannan addini-yankin naúrar kamar yadda daya ɗari da arba'in da shekaru ba a gane wasu Orthodox majami'u da kuma ba tafiyar da shi a cikin tarayya.

Kawai a 1589 da sarki na Konstantinoful gane da autocephalous (cin gashin a cikin ƙirjinka daga cikin Orthodox Church) ga Lardi na Moscow. Haka ya faru bayan da kama na Konstantinoful da Ottoman. Sarki Ierimiya biyu Tranas a bisa gayyatar da Boris Godunov zo zuwa Moscow. Amma ya juya waje cewa baƙi da ikon tilasta gida rubũta wanda gane da shugaban Lardi Church. Bayan watanni shida da ake tsare a kurkuku, da Irmiya ya ciyar da Lardi na Moscow a cikin biyun nan.

Daga baya, tare da tabbatarwa daga cikin rawar da Rasha (da kuma lokaci daya karkatar da Konstantinoful a matsayin cibiyar na Eastern Kiristanci) suka shukakkun da labari na uku Roma. Moscow Patriarchate, ko da yake ya kasance wani ɓangare na Orthodox Church of Greek yanka, shi ne da'awar zuwa daukaka da sauransu. Ya sanya abolition na Kyiv Metropolis. Amma idan ba ka yi la'akari da shawara kan keɓewa, da sarki na Moscow, cikin sharuddan addini wadannan majami'u kome daga juna ba su bambanta ba.

Akidun, raba Orthodoxy kuma Katolika. Filioque

Abin da professes Orthodox Church? A gaskiya ma, kuna hukunta da take, a cikin zuciya na shi ya sanya "hakkin ya ɗaukaka Allah." Its Canon kunshi biyu da manyan sassa: Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma Ruhu Mai Hadishi. Idan na farko shi ne bayyananne - shi ne Tsoho da Sabon Alkawari, sa'an nan abin da shi ne na biyu? Wannan hukuncin da Ecumenical majalisa (daga na farko zuwa Great sãɓãni kawai sabõda, sa'an nan kawai Orthodox majami'u), da rayukan tsarkaka. Amma babban daftarin aiki amfani a cikin ibadar, shi ne shaidar bangaskiyar Krista. Ya aka shigar da Ecumenical Council a cikin 325. Daga baya, cikin cocin Katolika soma rukunan Filioque, ikirarin cewa Ruhu Mai Tsarki Saide ba fãce daga wurin Allah Uba, amma Ɗansa, Yesu Kristi. Orthodoxy ba ya yarda da wannan manufa, amma da hannun jari da basa Triniti.

aqidar

Greek Orthodox Church ya koyar da cewa kurwa za a iya ceto kawai a ta kirjinsa. Harafin farkon - wani imani da Allah daya kuma a cikin daidaici duk mutane na Triniti. Bugu da ari addini bauta wa Almasihu, halitta a farkon lokaci, ya zo a cikin duniya, kuma ya zama jiki, a wani mutumin wanda aka gicciye domin a yi kafarar da asalin zunubi, tashin matattu da kuma zuwa Rãnar ¡iyãma. The Church ya koyar da cewa ta farko firist ya Yesu. Kuma saboda haka ta mai tsarki ne, daya, Katolika da kuma ba tare da lahani. A karshe, cikin akidarsu da veneration na gumaka da aka soma a Bakwai Ecumenical Council.

ibadar da

The Orthodox Church riko da ibada bisa ga Byzantine (Greek) yanka. Yana presupposes da wanzuwar wata rufaffiyar iconostasis, wanda aka yi da sacrament na Eucharist. Tarayya wafer ba a yi, da kuma prosphora (abinci mai yisti) da kuma ruwan inabi (zai fi dacewa Cahors). Liturgical bikin kunshi hudu da'irori: kullum, weekdays na, gyarawa da kuma m dari. Amma wasu Orthodox Church (misali, Antiochian da kuma Rasha Orthodox kasashen waje) da karni na ashirin fara amfani da Latin yanka. Services aka gudanar a Synodal version na Old Church Slavonic.

Rasha Orthodox Church

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, da Moscow Patriarchate ne a cikin wani dogon canonical da kuma shari'a rikice-rikice da Konstantinoful. Duk da haka, Rasha Orthodox Church ne mafi girma a addini al'umma. Yana da aka rajista a matsayin shari'a mahaluži, da kuma a shekara ta 2007 gwamnatin izini ba ta dukan dukiya ga addini dalilai. ROC ikirarin cewa ta "canonical ƙasa" kara zuwa duk tsohon Tarayyar jamhuriyoyin fãce Armenia da kuma Georgia. An ba da gane da Orthodox Church a Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Estonia.