Ma'ana Graphic Arts a wallafe-wallafen

Kamar yadda daya daga cikin zane-zane, adabi na da m dabaru, dangane da damar da harshen da kuma jawabin. Suna tare kira a matsayin kalma "na nufin wakilci a cikin wallafe-wallafe." Dalilin wadannan kudi - musamman impressively bayyana labarun gaskiya da kuma zuwa ga iyar da ma'anar, da m ra'ayin na aikin, kazalika don ƙirƙirar wani yanayi.

En da kuma Figures

Ma'ana-alama hanyar harshen - da dama en da kuma Figures na magana. The kalmar "en" a Girkanci nufin "juyin juya halin" cewa shi ne, wannan shi ne wasu magana ko kalma a yi amfani da wani zaurance. En biyu siffatawa da ma'ana wajen a cikin adabi marubucin yana amfani da mafi hasashe. Epithets, metaphors, personifications, hyperbole da kuma sauran m dabaru alaka en. Figures na jawabin - mai magana jũya, baiwa, da wani tunanin sautin na aiki. Antithesis, epiphora, inversion, da kuma waɗansu da yawa - shi ne da nufin wakilci a cikin adabi da suka shafi cikin stylistic liyafar karkashin general sunan "Figures na magana". Yanzu kalle su a mafi daki-daki.

epithets

Mafi na kowa wallafe-wallafen na'urar - ne amfani da epithets, cewa an dimbin yawa, sau da yawa metaphorical, kalmomi, picturesquely aka bayyana ta kwatanta abu. Epithets mu hadu a almara ( "karrama idin", "m zinariya darik" a cikin almara "Sadko") da kuma marubucin ayyukansu ( "m da kuma maras ban sha'awa" sauti na 'ya'yan itace auku a Mandelstam ta waka). A ma'ana epithet, da wani tunanin da haske image, halitta da artist kalmomi.

metaphors

Kalmar "misãli" zo mana daga Girkanci harshe, kazalika da nadi na masu rinjaye na tropes. Yana a zahiri tana nufin "wani alama da ma'anar." Idan marubucin ya kwatanta drop of raɓa da ƙwãya daga lu'u-lu'u, da kuma wani gungu na mulufi Rowan wuta, sa'an nan muna magana ne game da misãli.

metonymy

Da ban sha'awa sosai na gani harshen na nufin - metonymy. Fassara daga Girkanci - renaming. A wannan yanayin, da sunan abu da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani, kuma aka haife wani sabon hanyar. Babban mafarki gaskiya na Bitrus, mai girma a kan duk flags cewa zai zama "ziyarci mu" daga Pushkin ta "The Bronze doki" - shi ne wani misali na metonymy. The kalmar "flags" a wannan yanayin ya sauya manufar "kasar, da jihar." Metonymy readily amfani da kafofin watsa labarai da kuma a cikin hirar, "White House", misali, da sunan ba wani gini, da mazaunanta. Sa'ad da muka ce "zartar da hakora", muna nufin cewa ciwon hakori bace.

Synecdoche translation - rabo. Wannan ne ma a canja wuri da darajar, amma kawai ta yawa, "da Jamusanci mayar da su cikin kai hari" (ma'ana Jamus regiments), "ba a nan tashi tsuntsu ba ya je nan dabba" (Wannan, ba shakka, da yawa dabbobi da tsuntsaye).

oxymoron

Alama da-ma'ana wajen wallafe-wallafe - shi ne ma wani oxymoron. Stylistic adadi, wanda zai iya juya a kira su da wani stylistic kuskure - ƙungiyar na m, a zahiri translation na kalmar Helenanci sauti kamar "wayo-wawa." Misalan wani oxymoron - sunayen sanannun littattafan "Hot Snow", "Virgin Kasar gona Upturned" ko "The Living gawar".

Parallelism da parcelling

Sau da yawa, kamar yadda ma'ana dabaru amfani parallelism (m amfani da irin wannan ginin kalma a cikin m layuka da kuma sentences) da kuma parceling (division phrases cikin guda kalmomi). An misali na farko find a cikin littafin Sulemanu: "The lokaci zuwa makoki, da kuma wani lokaci rawa." Na biyu Example:

• "Zan je. Kuma kana faruwa. Mu ne tare da ku a hanya.
  Zan sami. Zaka - ba za ka samu. Idan kana zuwa tafi bayan. "

inversion

Mene ne wajen magana a cikin m jawabin iya saduwa da sake? Inversion. Da kalmar da aka samu daga kalmar Latin fassara a matsayin "transposition, inversion '. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, da kishiya aka kira wani permutation na kalmomi ko sassa na sentences tare da na al'ada juyawa domin. Wannan ne yake aikata to tabbatar da cewa, sanarwar da jũna more muhimmanci, biting ko m: "The tsawon jimrewa da mu mutane!", "The Age na hauka, spacey."

Hyperbole. Litotes. irony

Ma'ana Graphic Arts a adabi - wannan shi ne hyperbole, litotes, irony. A farko da na biyu suna classified kamar yadda ƙari, faɗi. Hyperbole za a iya kira wani jarumi bayanin Mikuly Selyaninovicha, wanda da daya hannun "povydernul" yankan daga ƙasa, wanda shi ne dukan "Horobrih druzhinushka" Volga Svyatoslavich iya ba budge. Litotes, a akasin haka, shi ya sa da image ridiculously kananan lokacin da wani dada kare aka ce ya zama "ba wani shafi." A irony shi ne cewa a zahiri sautina fassara a matsayin "Sham" tsara don kiran abu da ba haka ba, kamar yadda shi alama. Yana da wani dabara izgili a wadda gundarin ma'anar da yake a ɓõye a karkashin kishiyar bayani. Alal misali, a nan ne wani m tunani da harshe-daura mutumin, "Mene ne ka, Cicero, kalmomi biyu ba zai iya daura?" M ji roko ya ta'allaka ne da cewa Cicero mai girma orator.

Sojan gona da kuma kwatanta

Wasan kwaikwayo da hanyõyi ana kwatanta da sojan gona. Wadannan gani kayayyakin aiki, don ƙirƙirar musamman adabi, shayari, Rokon ga mai karatu ta al'adu erudition. Kwatanta - mafi yawan amfani da dabara a lokacin da snowflakes swirling vortex a cikin ayyuka ne idan aka kwatanta, msl, tare da wani taro na sauro, kwari zuwa ga haske (Pasternak). Ko, kamar yadda Yusufu Brodsky, a shaho tashi a sararin sama "a matsayin square tushen." Lokacin da impersonating saumn abubuwa saya da wani nufin da artist "live" Properties. Wannan "numfashi tukwane" daga wanda "ya zama wani dumi fata jacket," Yevtushenko ko kananan "klenenochek" Yesenin, wanda "tsotse" "kore nono" adult itace kusa inda ya girma. Kuma ku tuna Pasternak Blizzard cewa "sculpts" a kan taga "da'irori da kibiyoyi!"

Pun. Gradation. antithesis

Daga cikin stylistic Figures iya ambaci wani pun, gradation, antithesis.

Pun, Faransa asalin lokaci ya shafi wani m harping daban-daban ma'ana. Alal misali, a wargi, "ya ja bakansa, ya tafi zuwa ga dodo kaya Chipollino".

Yaye - wata sanarwa da kama sharuddan na karuwa ko karu a su wani tunanin tsanani: zo, suka ga, ya hau kan.

Antithesis - mai ban mamaki bambanci tsakanin kaifi kamar yadda a Pushkin ta "Little bala'in" a lokacin da ya bayyana tebur, a da sabuwar feasted, kuma yanzu yana da daraja da akwatin gawa. Karbar antithesis Yanã shimfiɗa ciki zaurance na labari.

A nan ne babban hanyar magana, wanda da artist yana amfani da su ba da karatu a m, taimako da kuma m duniya na kalmomi.