Lokacin da ya gano America? A tarihin aka gano Amirka da. Shekara na gano Amirka da

Shekara gano Amirka da za a iya gani a sauyi a rayuwar Turai. Bayan koyo na wanzuwar wani sabon nahiyar, mutane da yawa suka tafi a kan yawacen duniya ta ruwa to, bincika sababbin yankuna, kokarin Master su.

Columbus ya gano America

A shekara a lokacin da Spain mai bincike ya bude wani sabon ƙasa a cikin tarihin kira a matsayin 1492-th. Kuma duk wasu yankunan Arewacin Amirka, misali, yankuna na Alaska da kuma Pacific Coast ya riga an gano da kuma bincika farkon karni na sha takwas. Ba dole ne a ce cewa wani muhimmin taimako ga nazarin nahiyar da kuma kawo matafiya daga Rasha.

assimilation

Tarihi na samu na North America ne quite ban sha'awa: shi iya ko da a kira na bazata. A karshen karni na sha biyar Spanish Explorer Hristofor Kolumb da balaguro kai gaba na Arewacin Amirka. Duk da haka, ya kuskure zaton cewa yana cikin India. Daga wannan lokacin fara wani zamanin lokacin da Amurka da aka bude da kuma fara ta ci gaba da kuma gudanar da bincike. Amma wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa kwanan m, iƙirarin cewa an gano wani sabon nahiyar faru da yawa a baya.

A abin da shekara da aka gano Amirka?

Shekara Columbus ya gano America - 1492-th - ba ainihin ranar. Sai dai itace cewa da Spanish Explorer da magabata, da kuma wanda - ba daya. A tsakiyar karni na goma da Normans tafiya nan bayan gano Greenland. Duk da haka, da suka kafa mulkin mallaka da sabuwar ƙasar kasa, domin sun mayar da matsananci yanayi na arewa na nahiyar. Bugu da kari, da Normans ma tsoron bambamce nesa daga sabuwar nahiyar Turai.

A cewar wasu, nahiyar gano tsoho mariners - da Phoenicians. Wasu daga cikin kafofin da lokaci, a lokacin da ya gano America, da ake kira tsakiyar farko Millennium BC, kamar yadda majagaba - da Sin. Duk da haka, wannan version ma rasa wata hujja bayyananniya.

Yana dauke da mafi m bayani game da lokacin da Vikings gano America. A karshen karni na goma Norman da Bjarni Heryulfsonom Leif Eriksson Helluland da aka samu - "dutse", Markland - "Forest" da kuma Vinland - "gonakin inabi" da ƙasa, wanda aka gano da Sahaban da Labrador Larabawa.

Akwai shaida da cewa tun kafin Columbus a cikin karni na sha biyar, arewacin nahiyar kai Bristol da kuma Cantabrian masunta, wanda mai suna shi tsibirin Brazil. Duk da haka, lokacin da lokaci na wadannan expeditions cewa ba za a iya kira a milestone a cikin tarihi a lokacin da ya gano Amurka da gaske, t. E. sun gano shi a matsayin sabon nahiyar.

Columbus - a real majagaba

Duk da haka, lokacin da ya tambaye in abin da shekara gano America, masana sau da yawa ake kira karni na sha biyar, ko kuma wajen da karshen. Kuma farkon wanda ya aikata shi, bisa ga Columbus. A lokacin da ya gano America, ya zo daidai da tarihi na tsawon lokacin da Turawa suka fara yada ideas game da Duniya ta zagaye siffar da kuma yiwuwar su isa India ko China da kasashen yammacin hanya, wato, a fadin Atlantic Ocean. Yana da aka zaci cewa wannan hanyar ne ya fi guntu fiye da gabashin. Saboda haka, a cikin ra'ayi na Portuguese kenkenewa a kan iko da Kudu Atlantic, sakamakon Alkasovasskim yarjejeniya a 1479, Spain, ko da yaushe neman kai tsaye lambobi tare da Gabashi kasashe, goyi bayan balaguro na Columbus Genoese navigator a westerly shugabanci.

tasbĩhi game da bude

Hristofor Kolumb daga farkon shekarun sha'awar labarin kasa, lissafi da kuma ilmin taurari. Daga wani matashi, ya na da hannu a cikin marine expeditions, ya ziyarci kusan duk sai da aka sani tekuna. Columbus ya auri 'yar Portuguese ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, daga abin da ya samu da yawa daga maps da Notes lokacin Henry da Navigator. A nan gaba discoverer na su a hankali karatu. Yanã son ya samu teku hanya zuwa India, amma ba tare da faruwa ta hanyar Afirka, da kuma kai tsaye a fadin Atlantic. Kamar yadda wasu malamai - da Sahaban, Columbus yi imani da cewa, ciwon tafi zuwa yamma na Turai, za ta yiwu ga isa gabashin tekun na Asia - wadanda wuraren da akwai India da kuma China. Duk da haka, ya ba su ma san da cewa hanya zai hadu da dukan nahiyar, har sai da aka sani zuwa Turawa. Amma shi ya faru. Kuma tun wannan lokacin, kuma yana da nasa asalin a cikin tarihi na gano Amirka.

A farko balaguro

Columbus farko jiragen ruwa tanã gudãna daga harbor Palosskoy uku a watan Agusta 1492. Akwai uku. Don da Canary Islands balaguro tafi quite calmly: Wannan stretch na hanya ne matuƙan aka riga aka sani. Amma sosai da ewa ba su sami kansu a cikin wani qaton teku. A hankali da mutane suka fara karai da kuma tada wani gunaguni. Amma Columbus ya iya pacify kangararrun, taimaka musu fatan. Ba da da ewa fara bayyana ãyõyi - harbingers na ƙasar kusa: unknown tsuntsun ya tashi, ya shiga jirgin ruwa itace rassan. A karshe, bayan wani shida-mako tafiya, fitilu da dare, da kuma lokacin da alfijir ya barke, kafin jirgin ya bude kore picturesque tsibirin, duk an rufe tare da ciyayi. Columbus komai a fili a kan tudu, shi ne ya bayyana ƙasar mallakarsu da Spanish kambi. Tsibirin da aka mai suna San Salvador, cewa shi ne, da mai ceto. Yana daya daga cikin karami guda na ƙasar na zuwa Bahamas ko Lukaysky tarin tsiburai.

Duniya, inda akwai zinariya

Da mazauni - zaman lafiya da kuma kyau-natured savages. Noticing zari tanã gudãna zuwa ga zinariya ado da cewa sun rataye a cikin mazauni a cikin hanci da kunnuwa, ãyõyi gaya cewa kudu ne a ƙasar da yake a zahiri cike da zinariya. Kuma Columbus ya cigaba. A cikin wannan shekara da ya bude Cuba, wanda, ko da yake sun dauki ga ɓangaren duniya, mafi daidai, domin gabashin tudu na Asiya, ya kuma sanar da wani Spanish mallaka. Daga wannan balaguro, da al'amari zuwa gabas, makale zuwa Haiti. A wannan yanayin duk hanyar da Spaniards hadu savages wanda ba kawai son su canza zinariya da kawa wadda sauki gilashin beads da sauran kayan ado, amma kuma kullum ishãra zuwa kudancin shugabanci, a lokacin da aka tambaye game da wannan daraja karfe. A Hispaniola, wanda Columbus mai suna Hispaniola, ko Little Spain, ya gina karamin Fort.

samu

Lokacin da jirãge moored a cikin harbor Palosskoy, dukan mutane suka zo zuwa ga tudu don ya tarye su tare da cikakken karrama. Very bãyarwa dauki Columbus da Ferdinand da Isabella. A labarai na samu na New World yada sosai da sauri, kamar yadda azumi faruwa da kuma yarda ya je can tare da discoverer. A lokacin da Turawa sani ba abin da America da aka gano ta Hristofor Kolumb.

biyu tafiya

Tarihi na samu na North America, wanda aka kaddamar a 1492, ya ci gaba. Daga Satumba 1493 a kan Yuni 1496 ne karo na biyu a jere balaguro Genoese Navigator. A sakamakon haka, Virgin Islands da Windward aka gano, ciki har da Antigua, Dominica, Nevis, Montserrat, Saint Kitts da Puerto Rico da kuma Jamaica. A Spaniards zauna a ƙasar Haiti, yin su karkashi kuma gina a kudu-maso-gabashin ɓangare na sansanin soja na San Domingo. A 1497th a gasar tare da su, ya shiga cikin Turanci, ma, kokarin samun arewa maso yammacin zuwa Asia. Alal misali, a Genoese ingancin karkashin English flag gano tsibirin Newfoundland kuma, da wasu asusun, ya zo kusa ƙwarai da North American Coast: a Labrador da Nova Scotia. Saboda haka Birtaniya ya fara sa da aikin share fage domin ta mamayar, a yankin na Arewacin Amirka.

The uku da na hudu balaguro

Yana fara a watan Mayu 1498, kuma ya ƙare a watan Nuwamba 1500. A sakamakon haka, an gano tsibirin Trinidad da kuma bakin Orinoco. A watan Agusta 1498 farko Columbus komai a fili a kan tekun ne riga a kudancin Amirka a kan Paria Larabawa, da kuma a cikin 1499th Spaniards isa gaba na Guiana da kuma Venezuela, sa'an nan - Brazil da kuma bakin Amazon. Kuma a karshe - hudu - tafiya daga May 1502 zuwa Nuwamba 1504 Columbus da aka bude riga Amurka ta tsakiya. Ya jiragen ruwa wuce tare da bakin tekun na Honduras da kuma Nicaragua, sun zo daga Costa Rica da Panama har zuwa Gulf of Darién.

wani sabon nahiyar

A wannan shekarar wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa - Amerigo Vespucci, da balaguro abin da ya faru a karkashin Portuguese flag, kuma bincika Brazil Coast. Kai Cape na Cananea, ya sa a gaba da suke cewa duniya cewa Columbus ya gano - ba China, da kuma ko da Indiya, amma gaba daya sabon nahiyar. Wannan ra'ayin da aka tabbatar da bayan na farko da tafiya, a duniya, jajirce F. Magellan. Duk da haka, ya saba wa tunani da sabuwar nahiyar da aka tabbatar da sunan America - a madadin na Vespucci.

Duk da haka, akwai wasu filaye da muminai da cewa wani sabon nahiyar da aka mai suna bayan ya zama majiɓinci Richard Bristol America daga Ingila, wanda ya kudi na biyu transatlantic tafiya Yahaya ingancin a 1497, Amerigo Vespucci kuma bayan da ya dauki sunan a cikin girmamawa da ake kira nahiyar. Don tabbatar da wannan ka'idar, masu bincike ba da shaida cewa ingancin isa bakin tekun na Labrador, shekaru biyu baya, sabili da haka ya zama wani hukumance rijista na farko Turai ya kafa kafar a kan Amirka, ƙasa.

A cikin tsakiyar karni na sha shida, Zhak Karte, a Faransa Explorer, kai da bakin tekun na Canada, ba da yanki ta yanzu sunan.

takara

A ci gaba da nahiyar Amurka ta Arewa ta ci gaba da irin wannan bincike kamar yadda John Davis, Aleksandr Makenzi, Genri Gudzon da kuma William Baffin. Shi ne godiya ga bincike da kuma nahiyar da aka yi karatu saukar zuwa Pacific Coast.

Duk da haka, tarihi ya sani mai yawa da wasu sunayen seafarers suka kusata zuwa Amurka gona kafin Columbus. Wannan shi ne Shen Hui - Thai m wanda ya ziyarci yankin a watan biyar karni, Abubakar - da Sultan na Mali, wanda ya shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa cikin Amurka coast a karni na sha hudu, da Earl na Kirkwall de Saint-Clair, a Sin bincike Chzhee Ho, Portuguese Joao Korterial da dai sauransu ...

Amma, duk da kome da kome, cewa Hristofor Kolumb ne mutum mai binciken sun shakka rinjayi dukan tarihin 'yan adam.

Shekara goma sha biyar bayan lokacin da jirãge wadaɗnda suke gano America navigator, na farko Gwargwadon taswirar nahiyar da aka kõma sama. Its marubucin ya Martin Valdzeemyuller. A yau ta, kasancewa cikin dũkiyar da Library of Congress of the United States, aka adana a Washington.