Lokacin da aka haife kuma mutu Bunin? Ivan Bunin: shekaru na rayuwa

Mutane da yawa masu karatu san lokacin da aka haife kuma ya mutu Bunin. Kuma da yawa tuna cewa shi ne mai girma Rasha mawãƙi kuma mawallafin, wanda ya rubuta game da rushewar da Rasha nobility? Kuma, tabbas, mai 'yan mutane san cewa Ivan shi ne na farko Rasha marubuci wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a 1833. Kuma domin mu fahimci yadda ya samu irin wannan sakamako, kana bukatar wani kadan saba da ya biography.

Ƙananan yara na nan gaba na lashe

A shekara ta 1870, a Voronezh, a cikin Estate iyayensu, aka haife ta a nan gaba marubuci Ivan Bunin. Kakan Ivan ya quite m mallaki gidaje. Amma bayan mutuwar matarsa, sai ya fara aikin jãhilci wasting yanayin. Kuma abin da kadan aka bar na shi bayan, Bunin mahaifin propyl da kuma rasa a katin tebur. A nuna na karni na iyali arziki ya kusan gajiya. Bunin gaba marubuci tun suna yara halarta da girma impoverishment na iyali.

Mafi yawa daga cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da Ivan ya ciyar a cikin iyali Estate, inda ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga rai na manoma. A 1881, ya sa suna a cikin wata makarantar gwamnati a Yelets, amma bayan shekaru biyar na binciken da aka cire saboda iyali ta kudi matsaloli da aka tilasta koma gida.

Halarta a karon a cikin ayyukan, ko sabon mutane

A cikin shekaru goma sha bakwai, Ivan sanya ya halarta a karon a matsayin mawãƙi. Ya waqe sun bayyana a mujallar na St. Petersburg "Gida." A 1889 Ivan Bunin bi da mazan ɗan'uwansu, wanda ya mai girma tasiri a Kharkov. Akwai ya dauki matsayi na farko jami'in, sa'an nan sai ya rika aiki a matsayin mai taimako ga edita a cikin gida jaridar "Orlovsky Gazette".

Ivan ya ci gaba da rubuta, da kuma da yawa daga cikin labarun da aka buga a wasu jaridu da mujallu. Don wannan lokaci ne da ya dade dangantaka da wani ma'aikaci na jaridar, inda ya yi aiki, Varvaroy Paschenko. Bayan wani lokaci, suna tare koma Poltava. Bunin fara shiryar da wani aiki rubutu da Antonom Chehovym, kuma a kan lokaci da suka zama sosai kusa da abokai. Kuma a cikin 1894, Ivan ya gana da Leo Tolstoy. Ya ganin darajarsa ayyukan Leo Tolstoy, amma su na zamantakewa da kuma halin kirki ra'ayoyi sun quite daban-daban.

A babbar shahararsa da kuma jama'a yarda

Lokacin da aka haife kuma mutu Bunin, ba shakka, bukatar mu san, amma shi ne ma ban sha'awa sani, amma a lokacin da ya wallafa na farko littafin. Kuma an buga shi a 1891 a Orel. Was a Littafin waqe-waqe da aka rubuta a cikin lokaci daga 1887 zuwa 1891. Haka kuma, wasu daga cikin articles, makala da Rasskazov Ivana Alekseevicha, wanda aka buga a baya a gida jaridu da mujallu ya fara bayyana a cikin lokaci-lokaci wallafe na St. Petersburg.

By 1900, fiye da dari waqe buga Ivan Bunin. Ya waqe suna zama quite rare tare da fadi da kewayon masu karatu. A daidai wannan lokacin, translation na aikin "The Song of Hiawatha" aka bayar da Pushkin Prize, kazalika da ta samu lambar zinariya da Rasha Academy of Sciences. Mutane da yawa masu sukar da kuma abokan aiki kimanta da rarity na da basira, ladabi da tsabta da tunani.

A 1899 Bunin auri Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni. Ta kasance 'yar wani m Helenawa daga Odessa. Abin baƙin ciki, da aure da aka takaice, da kuma kawai yaron ya mutu yana da shekaru biyar. Kuma riga a 1906 Ivan zaune a cikin wani yakin jam'iyya da Vera Nikolayevna Muromtseva. Ba kawai facts game da lokacin da aka haife kuma mutu Bunin, sha'awar ma'anar, amma kuma bayanai game da sirri rayuwarsa ne na girma darajar to wadanda suka yi nazarin hali Ivana Bunina.

A miƙa mulki daga shayari zuwa litattafan

A nuna na karni Ivan ya yi babban miƙa mulki daga shayari zuwa litattafan, cewa ya fara canza a tsari da kuma irin zane, ya zama aukaka lexical. A shekarar 1900 ya buga labari "Antonov Apples", wanda daga baya aka har hada a litattafan a kan adabi da kuma aka gani a matsayin na farko real fitacciyar Bunin.

Sahaban sharhi a kan samfurin musamman. Wani nuna kebantattun sahihancin harshe, dabara bayanin irin yanayi da cikakken m analysis, yayin da wasu gan shi a matsayin wani samfurin na wani irin nostalgia for baya na Rasha nobility. Duk da haka, Bunin ta litattafan da ake zama Popular.

Known ayyukan, ko wani tarihi na kansa iyali

A 1910 Ivan aka zaba a matsayin daya daga goma sha biyu cike da 'yan Rasha Academy of Sciences. Kuma a cikin wadannan shekaru wallafa farko cikakken sikelin labari, "The Village", abin da ya bayyana damuwa rayuwa a kasar, wanda ya nuna yadda wani cikakken wawanci, mugunta da tashin hankali. Kuma a cikin 1911, ya buga masa ɗansa na biyu labari - "Dry Valley".

A nan ya bayyana da dire jihar na Rasha kauyen al'umma. Har ila yau akwai wani nostalgic bayanin irin rubabben Rasha nobility, bisa gaskiya labarin kansa iyali. Kuma a sake, litattafan Bunin raba wallafe-wallafen sukar a ra'ayinsu. The Social Democrats sun lura da cikakkar kirki a cikin ayyuka, amma da yawa wasu da aka sosai gigice da hakkin mallaka korau.

Fashewa yaki, ko tsõro ya ga makomar jihar

Bunin sa'an nan Muromtseva ya shafe shekaru uku winters daga 1912 zuwa 1914 tare da Maxim Gorky a tsibirin Capri. Akwai ya gana da Fedorom Shalyapinym da Leonidom Andreevym. Lokacin da yakin duniya na farko, Ivan rarraba lokaci tsakanin kasancewa a cikin Moscow da kuma iyali estate. Ya aka kullum fatalwa tashin hankali zuwa ga Rasha na nan gaba. Ko don ci gaba da rubuta a wannan lokaci na Ivan Bunin? Poetry ko litattafan? Ta yaya za juyin juya halin a aikinsa?

Ivan ya ci gaba da aiki tukuru. A cikin hunturu na shekarar 1914 ya kammala wani sabon ƙarfi wakoki da kuma litattafan da ake kira "Cup of Life". Kuma a farkon shekara na gaba an buga shi, da kuma kuma an yadu a gane. A cikin wannan shekara shi ne aka buga a "The Gentleman daga San Francisco". Zai yiwu mafi shahara daga cikin labarun da aka rubuta ta hanyar Bunin. Shekaru na rayuwa ciyar a Rasha, ya zo ga ƙarshe. Kusa da wani juyin juya halin da zai tilasta wa babban marubuci ya bar mahaifarsa.

Juyin juya halin da kuma Ivan

Ivan ya shaida tsõro da kuma lalata sa ta gurguzu a lokacin da Rasha juyin juya halin na 1917 shekara. A watan Afrilu na wannan shekara ya warware dukan abin da dangantaka da Gorky, wanda bai taba dawo dasu, da Mayu 21, 1918, Ivan Bunin da Muromtseva samu hukuma izinin tafiya daga Moscow. Su koma Odessa. Ina Ivan rayu shekara biyu a cikin bege cewa White za su iya maido da oda. Amma nan da nan da juyin juya halin Musulunci hargitsi yada a ko'ina cikin jihar.

A watan Fabrairu 1920, Bunin hijira a kan jirgin na karshe Faransa jirgin ya fito daga Odessa da sauran anti-kwaminisanci Russia, kuma a karshe zauna a Grasse, kudancin Faransa. Sannu a hankali da kuma painfully shawo kan m danniya, Ivan ya kõmo zuwa rubuce-rubucensa. Ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da alkalami da takarda Ivan Bunin.

Shekaru ransa, wanda ya shafe kasashen waje, kuma alama ya yawa wallafe da kuma sabon wallafe-wallafen Masterpieces. Ya wallafa ya pre-neman sauyi aiki, da labaru, a kai a kai na taimaka wa Rasha ƙaura latsa. Duk da haka, yana da matukar wuya a samu amfani da sabon duniya, kuma ya yi ĩmãni cewa Muse har abada rasa.

Lokacin da aka haife kuma mutu Bunin?

Ivan shi ne na farko Rasha marubuci wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a shekara ta 1933. Ya samu taya murna daga manyan yawan masana a duk faɗin duniya, amma ba wata kalma daga Soviet Rasha, inda da sunansa da kuma littafin da aka dakatar. A lokacin ƙaura Bunin rubuta mai yawa ga sanannun ayyukan ƙwarai, daga cikinsu, ya zama quite rare "La'ananne Hari", inda marubucin ya ba da cikakken kwatanci na Soviet iko.

An haife shi a shekara ta 1870, Ivan aka yi wata babbar hanya ta rayuwa. Tsira yakin duniya na farko, da na jini Rasha juyin juya halin, lokacin da Great Patriotic War kuma ya mutu a kan Nuwamba 8, 1953, ya Apartment a Paris. A gida, ya taba mayar da su.