LIBOR: The Story of abin da ya faru, da lissafi

LIBOR, cikakken bayani game da wanda ake tara Thomson Reuters izini da Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), shi ne wani muhimmin nuna alama na kudi tsarin. Yana wakiltar talakawan sha'awa kudi a kan interbank rance. Its girma ya nuna babu free kudi a kasuwa. Libor sha'awa kudi da aka lasafta ga biyar ago da bakwai bashi lokaci. Mutane da yawa kudi cibiyoyin amfani da shi don nasu lissafin, mayar da hankali a kan ta nasu aikin.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

A farkon shekarun 1980s, wata rundunar sabon kudi kida a kasuwa, kamar: sha'awa kudi swaps, kudin zabin da kuma gaba kwangila. Kuma shi ya gabatar da babba da rashin tabbas a duk yunkurin hango ko hasashen ci gaban da tsarin. A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1984, Birtaniya Bankers 'Association gabatar da misali ga sha'awa kudi swaps. Sai ya wãyi gari a precursor na Libor. Dauri zuwa na karshe a hukumance ya fara a watan Janairu 1986.

LIBOR da aka lasafta bisa ga Manuniya na Reference Bank. Wannan ba ka damar rufe fiye da 60 ƙasashe. Saboda haka, Libor kudi ne yadu amfani da dama kudi cibiyoyin da kasuwanci da kungiyoyin a matsayin nasa tarihin domin kafa da kansa amfani ga yin amfani da bashi. A {asar Amirka, game da 80% na subprime jinginar gidaje suna daura da ita. Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan yanki a duk faɗin duniya amfani da LIBOR a Amurka Dollars. Saboda haka, jinginar gida rance shafar Fed ta ayyuka.

definition

LIBOR - ne da talakawan yawan bashin a cikin interbank kasuwar, lasafta bisa wani binciken da wani yawan zaba kudi cibiyoyin, da aka gudanar har 11 am London lokaci. Saboda haka, wannan adadi daukan la'akari:

• Presentation daga cikin mafi kyau cibiyoyin da darajar da kansa free kudi a kan interbank kasuwar.
• Bambanci a cikin rates a duniya da ya fi-amfani ago.
• The kudin na kudi a kan London kudi kasuwanni.

lissafi

Libor da aka lasafta, kuma aka buga da Intercontinental Exchange dillancin Thomson Reuters. Daily har 11 am London lokaci gudanar da wani binciken da wani yawan bankuna da su game da rance rates. Hudu manya da ƙananan extremum ba kidaya a cikin lissafi. Kowa da hannu a cikin lissafi na matsakaita, wanda shi ne LIBOR. A 11:30 am, London lokaci, Thomson Reuters Agency wallafa wannan nuna alama. An lasafta ga 7 lokaci lokaci da biyar ago. Alal misali, akwai wani uku-wata dollar Libor kudi.

A shekarar 1986 wannan adadi da aka lasafta ga uku ago - dollar, Birtaniya kore da kuma Jamus lamba. Sa'an nan - goma sha shida. A shekarar 2000, kasashe da dama sun shiga cikin Yuro yankin. Rates aka lasafta ga goma ago. A shekarar 2013, bayan da abin kunya m, aka yanke shawarar rage jerin zuwa biyar. Don kwanan wata, Libor da aka lasafta ga Amurka dollar, Yuro, British laba, Japan yen da Swiss Franc.

Har 1998, guntu lokaci na bashi dauki la'akari lokacin da kirga wannan nuna alama yana daya watan. Sa'an nan da mako-mako kudi Libor aka kara. Kuma a cikin 2001 - a rana. Bayan da ya gyara aikinsa, a 2013, Libor da aka lasafta for bakwai lokaci. A mafi tsawo lokaci na aro - shi ne watanni goma sha biyu.

abin kunya

A watan Yuni na shekarar 2012, a lokacin da gudanar da bincike da aka samu da yawa fraudulent ayyukan da Reference Bank for magudi Libor rates. A farko zato game da gaskiyar bayanai bayar bayyana a cikin 2008. Gurbata da Figures ga lissafi na Libor rates a wannan lokaci, ko da ya kira daya daga cikin Sanadin rikicin kudi na duniya. A shekarar 2013 zo cikin karfi mai yawan gaske ya gyara aikinsa, a cikin wannan nuna alama, tsara don inganta nuna gaskiya da kuma su hana ba daidai ba nuni da kudi na duniya tsarin.