Tyumen yankin yawan: description, yawan, zama da kabilu

Tyumen yankin - daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankuna na Rasha. Its tarihi, da tattalin arziki da kuma halaye ne na musamman. A dalilin wannan, na farko, da jama'ar na Tyumen yankin. Mazauna yankin da ya bambanta a su alƙaluma da kuma zamantakewa halaye. Mun bayyana babban fasali na yankin da kuma yawan al'ummarta.

Gwargwadon matsayi

A yankin da aka located bayan da Ural birane a West Siberian Bayyana, da karkararta miƙa daga arewa zuwa kudu a fadin dukan nisa na Rasha. A yankin shi ne yankin da uku yankin a kasar, shi ya mamaye 1.435.000 murabba'in kilomita Tyumen yankin kẽwayesu da Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, Tomsk, kuma Kurgan yankunan Komi Jamhuriyar kuma Krasnoyarsk yankin.

A jama'ar na Tyumen yankin ne gida da arziki da kuma bambancin asashe a yankin ƙasarta za ka iya ganin zone Arctic hamada, tundra da gandun daji tundra, taiga, gauraye gandun daji, gandun daji-steppe da steppe. Relief kuma bambancin: daga filayen zuwa kananan duwatsu.

Yankin ne mai arziki a cikin daban-daban albarkatu. Akwai manyan reserves na sabo ruwa a yankin yana da fiye da 70,000 da tabkuna da kuma fiye da 580 dubu km na daban-daban na gudãna. The most ne Irtysh kuma Likitan mata. Mafi yawa daga cikin yankin ƙasar da aka rufe da gandun daji, katako reserves na Tyumen yankin bautarka 3rd wuri a cikin kasar. A wannan yankin sun mayar da hankali da babban reserves na gas da kuma man fetur Rasha, kuma babbar adibas na peat ake samu, hakar duwatsu masu tamani, da gubar, chromite da tagulla.

duba tarihin

A farko mazaunan a Tyumen yankin ya bayyana 40 shekara dubu da suka wuce, evidenced da archaeological rami data. A farko jama'ar na Tyumen yankin sun nomadic. Zaunar da mazaunan bayyana marigayi isasshen a cikin 13-16 ƙarni, shi housed Tyumen Khanate, wanda kunshi da Tatars da Kerayit. A 16th karni, gwamnatin Rasha ya fara gina a nan Tyumen kurkuku, kuma daga baya a wuri tashi birnin Tobolsk. A 18th karni da shi ya zama babban birnin na sararin Siberian lardin. Sau da yawa ƙasa ta girgiza daban-daban larduna tarzoma, amma hukumomin kasar sun samu nasarar sun jimre da su.

Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, shi housed da dakarun Janar Alexander Kolchak, kuma kawai a 1919 a can karshe an kafa Soviet ikon, babban birnin kasar na yankin zama Tyumen. Tun shekarar 1944, yankin ya wanzu a halin yanzu kan iyakoki.

Sauyin yanayi da kuma yanayi

A yankin da aka located a cikin redistribution da dama climatic zones: Arctic, subarctic a arewa da kuma temperate-nahiyar da kuma sharply - a cibiyar da kuma kudu. Mafi yawa daga cikin ƙasa nasa ne da sashi na tsanani sauyin yanayi, tare da dogon, sanyi winters da takaice, sanyi lokacin bazaar. A cikin hunturu, da yawan zafin jiki na arewa a tsakiyar kiyaye yanki lambobin debe 29 digiri, a lokacin rani - da game 7. Don kudu a watan Janairu, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio nuna wani talakawan na debe 18 digiri a watan Yuli - da 20. A arewa, har ma a lokacin rani a ƙasa thaws fita ba fiye da 1 mita.

A yankin da dama quite mai yawa ruwan sama - 600 mm a kowace shekara, da wettest wata ne Yuli, a lokacin da faduwa na har zuwa 20% na dukkan adibas. A snow cover a cikin arewa yana daga 8 zuwa 10 watanni, a kudu - game 6.

A halin da ake ciki muhalli ba quite m, a yankin. Industrial da kuma hakar ma'adinai kamfanonin kula kadan game da yanayi, da wani girma yawan motocin ne ma wani mummunan tasiri a kan tsabta iska, akwai kuma matsalar na zubar da iyali da kuma masana'antu sharar gida. Yankin Administration aka yin daban-daban kokarin warware wadannan matsaloli, amma dai samu daga iska da kuma ruwa, musamman a Tyumen, kiwata damuwa.

A administrative-yankin rabo daga cikin yankin da kuma yawan rarraba

Bisa ga latest yankin rabo daga cikin yankin daga shekara ta 1993, shi ne hada da 38 gundumomi da kuma 26 birane. A mafi girma a birnin shi ne babban birnin yankin, inda 720.000 mutane rayuwa. The most ƙauyuka na yankin ne ma Surgut (350 dubu mutane), Nizhnevartovsk (270 dubu mutane), Nefteyugansk (125 dubu mutane), Novy Urengoy (111 dubu mutane) da kuma Nuwamba (110 dubu mutane).

Game da 77% na yawan zaune a birane, akwai wani tsari na kara yawan 'yan asalin saboda da outflow na mazauna daga kauyuka. Da yawa daga cikin Tyumen yankin yawan ne 2.4 mutane da murabba'in kilomita, yana daga cikin 75 Rasha yankuna. kusan inda ba wanda yake zaune arewacin yankin.

yawan kuzarin kawo cikas

-Din-din kallo na yawan mazaunan a yankin farkon a 1959, lokacin da akwai game da mutane miliyan. A Soviet sau, jama'ar na Tyumen yankin ya girma sosai a hannunsu. karuwa ya faru a lokacin daga shekarar 1979 zuwa shekarar 1987, a lokacin da ya rayu a nan fiye da miliyan 3 mutane.

Bayan da cewa akwai wani kaifi dakushe yawan girma. Amma da barga ci gaban da yankin da kuma karafa masana'antu ya kai ga cewa ko a cikin shekaru na perestroika, a lokacin da a cikin ƙasa akwai wani korau Trend a cikin yawan mazaunanta, a nan shi ne m. Yau 3.6 mutane miliyan rayuwa a cikin yankin.

halaye na yawan

Daga yankuna da dama na Rasha yanki bambanta ta kasa tsarin. Tyumen yankin yawan ta 83% kunshi Rasha, Tatars sa up 8%, da kuma gida ga dama kananan kabilun 'yan asalin kungiyoyin: da Nenets, Mansi, Khanty, chum, Evenk. Duk da haka, 95% na yawan la'akari da Rasha harshen shi ne babban harshe sadarwa.

Amma a yankin na jinsi al'amari shi ne ba sosai daban-daban daga cikin sauran yankuna na kasar. Male yawan yankin ne karami kungiyar fiye da mace. Ga kõwane mutum mace da dama 1.1.

YAWAN JAMA'A yanki

Yankin bambanta daga wasu Rasha yankuna matasan da mazaunanta. A talakawan shekaru a nan ne 37 years old. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a cikin filin daga high rates na haihuwa - 17.2 haihuwar ta kowane dubu mutane. The mace-mace kudi a yankin an rage sannu a hankali da kuma da na halitta yawan girma kudi ne 8.9 mutane da dubu mazaunan.

Amma rayuwar jama'a a yankin da ɗan ƙananan fiye da kasa talakawan, shi ne shekaru 71 da haihuwa, amma yana da hali to ƙara. A yankin da aka kuma lura quite a high kudi na hijirarsa girma. A kowace shekara akwai game da 4 dubu baƙi. Overall dogara rabo a cikin yankin ne m fiye da kasa talakawan, kuma da hali ya kara raguwa. Yau adadi ne 662.

yankin tattalin arzikin

A yankin tsaye a waje daga wasu Rasha batutuwa karko da kuma alamar tattalin arzikin. Babban wuraren aikin yi na 'yan kasa, kamar yadda da Employment Center na Tyumen yankin yawan jama'a, suna hako ma'adinai da man fetur da masana'antar. Yana samar da mafi yawan Rasha man fetur da kuma iskar gas. An muhimmanci reshe na samar da shi ne ma a itace-aiki Sphere. A cikin ayyukan hudu manyan masana'antu da kamfanonin: baturi shuka, engine shuka, "Neftemash" da kuma masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. A yankin da ya da kyau-ɓullo da kai Sphere, cinikayya da sabis.

aiki

Kwari ci gaban tattalin arziki da damar filin zama kaffa game da nan gaba, amma, duk da wannan, akwai matsalar rashin aikin yi. Yau, da aikin Tyumen yankin yawan ne na damuwa ga gida gwamnati. Duk da cewa da yawan marasa aikin yi ya kwanan nan ki dan kadan, shi ne har yanzu ya fi yadda duk-Rasha da adadi ne 5.1.

A babban matsala da neman aiki samu da mutane tare da mafi girma ilimi, musamman mata, a matsayin babban ayyuka suna hade da blue-kwala jobs.