Leonid Andreev: biography da ayyukansu

Mutane da yawa articles game Leonid Andreev fara sakon cewa shi ne ya kafa Rasha Expressionism (da tushen wannan Trend ne ba misali na gaskiya da kuma na ciki duniya da marubucin, shi generates). Ko da yake sau da yawa sosai tare da wannan definition ya art Sahaban dangana wa hanya da kuma m hakikanci da neo-hakikanci da dama da labarun almara da kuma real Sufi.

Rashin membobinsu a wani musamman shugabanci

Leonid Andreev, wanda aka hinged a kan aikin haka da yawa gajerun hanyoyi, wani lokacin ba zai iya ba ayyana su akidar zuwa wani musamman kwarara. A marubuci a cikin wata wasika zuwa Maxim Gorky ya tambaye wanda ya ke a gaskiya, kamar yadda da decadent yanã mai mai neman na hakika, da kuma realists - symbolist. A cikin aikinsa, wani talented da kuma asali marubuci so a cimma a kira, ko a kalla sulhu biyu kwatance na fahimtar duniya, rayuwa da kuma kullum takaddama a tunaninsa - decadent da idon basira.

Biyu a cikin daya

Tare da labarun almara bayyananne. Kuma abin da yake lalacewar? Direct translation nufin dakushe ko al'adu komawa da baya. A art da kuma adabi - wani modernist shugabanci, wanda aka halin matsananci siffofin aestheticism, individualism da amorality ko lalata. Kuma wadannan biyu iri dabam dabam da tsakaitãwa so haduwa a cikin aikinsa, Leonid Andreev. Duk wannan wani facet daga m asali iyawa, da kuma litattafan da aka nan da nan recognizable, ko da yake ya yi kyautar masterful rubuce-rubuce a karkashin wani - ko a karkashin Garshina, ko a karkashin Chekhov da Dostoevsky, aikin da aka ganin darajarsa. Ya kamata a kara da cewa matashi shekaru sa'an nan cikin rayuwarsa da yake karantawa Schopenhauer da Nietzsche, da kuma daukar su a matsayin su na ruhaniya jagoranta.

iyaye

Leonid Andreev aka haife shi a wani fairly m iyali. Uba kakan wani shugaba daga cikin nobility, da kuma kaka - kagara. Wannan labarin ya tafi kyau kakan. A Keen ji na gaskiya, kuma mai fita jama'a ba don sha - wa mahaifinsa, a surveyor, taxotere (evaluator), wanda ya mutu daga shan barasa a shekara 42. A soyayya ga duk abin da kyau marubuci zamar masa dole ya uwa - wakilin matalauta Polish daraja iyali, m da shi da zuuciya xaya. Saboda haka, a birnin Orel a cikin iyali na aikin Agusta 21, 1871 An haife nan gaba, "a Rasha kawo dukkan Sphinx", kamar yadda ya kira ta ya Sahaban.

artist mai son

ABCs ya koya a shekaru 6 da kuma kiyaye shi cikin rayuwarsa mai al'ada na karanta chin. A gida makarantar sakandare Orel shiga da shekaru 11, ya yi karatu al'amarin, kuma amma aiki - a musanya ga warware matsaloli - rubuta kusan dukan ajin, kuma sun kasance, duk daban-daban a cikin style. Amma game da duk wani rubutu Leonid Andreev ba tsammani, saboda shi gaba daya aiki zane. Ya zama kwararren mai zane-zane tun Orel ya ba art makaranta, amma da ikon zana lokaci guda mai kyau a ciyar da iyalinsa - ya aka biya 11 rubles ga wani hoto. Shekaru bayan da marubuci ta mutuwa aikinsa ya fara nuna a duniya nune-nunen, tare da Masterpieces na zanen Masters, ya Sahaban.

Daga St. Petersburg zuwa Moscow

Sa'an nan Leonid Andreev biography wanda zai zama wani lokaci da alaka da birni a kan Neva River shiga cikin Metropolitan University a sashen na fikihu. Amma nan da nan da mahaifinsa ya mutu, kuma da iyali samun a cikin irin ƙunci yanayi, wanda sau da yawa ya jin matsananciyar yunwa da su duka. Babu shakka, a cikin yanayi a lokacin da a kan kafadu kwanta irin wannan damuwa, nan gaba marubuci shi gaba daya apolitical. Bayan da ya bar babban birnin kasar, da iyali koma wani hatsi Moscow, inda Andreev tare da lokaci, dole ne in ce, sosai samu nasarar sauke karatu daga sashen rubutu na Jami'ar Moscow, tare da hakkin ya sami aiki a cikin doka sana'a. A mafi ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru biyar.

Amorous kuma wani tunanin

Wajibi ne a shardanta cewa wannan m kyau mutum tare da m siffofin ya ƙaunace mata da kuma ya ƙaunace su passionately - ya ba zai iya kwatanta rayuwa ba tare da soyayya. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani Na kunar: dukan ransa ya sanya uku yunkurin tserewa daga rai - cewa a cikin matasa da kuma wawanci a cikin shekaru 16 settles tsakanin reluwe (fatalist), sa'an nan kuma harbe kansa a cikin zuciya na ƙi budurwa ta aure shi. A gaskiya, wannan na biyu ƙoƙari da ya kai ga zuciya lahani kuma farkon mutuwa.

Gane farko labarin

A farkon ya wallafe-wallafen aiki da marubuci Leonid Andreyev da dangantaka da 1898. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da "Courier", a cikin abin da ya sanã'anta rubutu dogon talla, alama articles, da kuma sauran bayanan lura, da aka buga na farko labarin, "Bargamot da Garas'ko". A kan haske, asali iyawa ne da cewa nan da nan bayan da farko labarin da marubucin ya gani da masu karatu, sukar da Maxim Gorky, wanda nan da nan ya kira shi a cikin al'umma "Ilimi" da kuma samun Masana duk marubuci ta duniya. A cikin L. N. Andreeve yi magana, kuma idan a 1901 ya wallafa labarin "Da zarar kan wani lokaci," ya zama shahararren, kaunace, yarda.

The m shahararsa

Leonid Andreev, wanda biography yanzu inseparably hade ne kawai tare da rubuce-rubuce ayyuka, ya wuce yarda da m marubucin. Akwai wani lokaci a lokacin da ya bar baya da a shahararsa ba kawai Veresaeva da Bunin, amma Gorky, da kuma kudade ya kasance frantic. Bisa ga jikanyar, ya aka biya 5 rubles a zinariya da line (line da layi a Rasha, da kawai dalilin da ya biya shi). Cikin baka shi ne ya ruwaito cewa kaza sai kudin 14 aninai. Leonid Andreyev m wallafe-wallafen harshen, sabon abu labaru, ya litattafan kama. Mai ban mamaki ayyukan "Yahuza Iskariyoti", "tunani", "Life Vasiliya Fiveyskogo", labarin "Ya" da Sahaban kira wani fitacciyar Rasha Gothic - kowane daga cikin aikin sa ido, karanta da kuma Sake karanta, tattauna a ko'ina.

An mabiyin anti-Soviet

Leonida Andreeva kerawa ne kusan ba a sani ba ga wannan zamani. A Soviet karatu bai san da shi har sai da 60s, kuma ya zargi «SOS» - wani roko ya Yammacin shugabannin ajiye Rasha daga Bolsheviks. Wannan ba za a iya gafarta mana. Wata kila a nan gaba da za su canja, saboda wasu daga cikin labarun da wannan marubuci na kunshe a cikin makaranta manhaja. Bright, m mãkirci twists, da rubuta a fili harshen da samfurin fitarwa na wannan m marubuci zuwa saman Azurfa Age na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Kowane daga cikin yaro don haka gaba daya da cewa yana da wuya don suna da wasu daga cikinsu m ganiya. Watakila wadanda zai zama labari "Diary of Shaiɗan", ko shi da aka gama. M Shaidan Andreev, circled a kusa da ita yatsa mutanen da suka zama mafi wayo da zalunci shi ya cancanci a tausaya masu karatu da kuma juyayi. Duk da haka, "The Mirror na Rasha juyin juya halin" echoed game Leonid Andreev disparagingly, amma Raya Makon na marubuci na wannan aka ba saukar da.

wani irin ƙaura

Ba kamar kowa a cikin aikinsa, LN Andreev a rayuwa bai isa ga wani kamar. Ya yi fice a kowane al'umma. Matarsa ta farko shi ne 'yar na Taras Shevchenko vnuchatnaya - Veligorodskaya Alexander, wanda ya mutu a sakamakon zubar zazzabi. Na biyu matar Anna Ilinichna Denisevich, wanda shi ne ya fara da kawai wallafe-wallafen Sakatare. Bayan auri dukan babban iyali koma nasu gida, ya sayi in Finnish kauyen Vammelsu. 1916-1917 shekaru Andreev da aka gudanar a St. Petersburg, amma Oktoba juyin juya halin ya gaza kai da karfi zai yiwu sharuddan. Ya koma zuwa Finland, wadda nan da nan m tafi daga Rasha. Author ban mamaki da labaru kamar "The bakwai aka rataye" da "Red dariya", kamar yadda Ilya Repin a Penates, ya zama kasashen.

Homeward daure

Leonid Andreyev, a takaice biography wanda lalle ne sosai takaice, kamar, a gaskiya, rayuwar ... The marubuci ya rasu yana da shekaru 48 daga cutar zuciya. Ya ba su mutu ba a gida, da kuma a wani aboki na F. N. Falkovskogo. Mutuwa ya faru Satumba 12, 1919. Aka binne shi a Marioka. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1956 shi samar da reburial gawarwaki a kan "Literatorskie jetty" - yankin a cikin Volkov hurumi a Birnin Leningrad. Zuriyar marubuci zaune a Paris, America, da kuma wasu - a Moscow, don komawa zuwa wanda yake son taimaka Kliment Voroshilov.