Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na ciwon daji lokuta suna lalacewa ta hanyar bazuwar "kurakurai" a DNA

Cancer jawo da kurakurai a cikin DNA, da kuma wani sabon binciken ya gano cewa, a mafi yawan lokuta abin da ya faru da ciwon daji, wadannan kura-kuran da suke da cikakken bazuwar. Su ba su sa ta kayyade predisposition ko muhalli dalilai, da kuma sakamakon bazuwar kasawa.

A binciken da ya ce da kuskure ko maye gurbi taimaka ga ci gaban oncological marurai, domin ko kankanin DNA kuskure na iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Kwayoyin zai ninka ba dama.

Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wadannan maye gurbi suna tsokani yafi da abubuwa biyu: ko dai a maye gurbi yana da wani kayyade akai, ko shi ne ya sa ta waje dalilai, wanda zai iya lalata DNA, kamar taba shan taba ko ultraviolet radiation.

Amma da dalili na uku da yake a cikin bazuwar kuskure. A sabon kimiyya rahoton da aka buga a mujallar Science, ta bayar da hujjar cewa, wannan factor zahiri ne kashi biyu bisa uku na wadannan maye gurbi. Lokacin da wani cell raba, shi kofe da DNA. Saboda haka cewa kowane sabon cell zai yi da kansa version na kayyade abu. Amma duk lokacin da akwai wani kwafin, shi ya zama mai yiwuwa ga m kuskure. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan kurakurai iya haifar da cutar daji.

bincike da masana kimiyya

"Nazarin ya nuna cewa ciwon daji za su ci gaba a cikin jiki, ko da kuwa da sakamakon da yanayi", - ya ce babban jami'in bincike Dr. Bert Vogelstein, a sani akan cututtuka Center hadaddun jiyya Sidney Kimmel Cancer a Dzhona Hopkinsa University.

New kimiyya da bincike da masana kimiyya nufin yin lissafi abin yawan ciwon daji lokuta da aka sa ta hereditary dalilai, da muhalli, da kuma bazuwar kurakurai. Masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wani ilmin lissafi model cewa ya hada data daga rajista ciwon daji marasa lafiya, a duniya, kazalika da Manuniya na DNA jerawa.

bazuwar kuskure

A binciken da ya nuna cewa game da 66% na cutar kansa da aka sa by bazuwar kurakurai 29% na cutar kansa da aka jawo da muhalli dalilai, ko da ba daidai ba hanyar rayuwa. Kuma kawai 5% na lokuta da cancers sun jawo heritable maye gurbi.

Da masu bincike lura cewa wannan kima dabam da ɗan daga wadanda wasu masana kimiyya suka yi karatu da ciwon daji. Alal misali, UK bincike ma'aikatan ce cewa 42% na cutar daji da za a iya hana ta canza salon da marasa lafiya.

A kimiyya takarda bayar da hujjar cewa wasu siffofin da ciwon daji, misali, kamar kwakwalwa marurai prostate kusan gaba ɗaya bayyana by bazuwar kurakurai. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa bazuwar kurakurai sa fiye da 95% na lokuta da aka dauke a gudanar da bincike.

Graphic nazari image

A daya daga cikin graphics masu bincike amfani da ja launi da ya nuna da yawan cancerous raunuka a mata. Cututtuka dangana ga gaji maye gurbi da aka located a gefen hagu. Wadanda suka kasance da bazuwar kurakurai - a cibiyar, kuma zuwa muhalli dalilai - a gefen dama.

Ga kowane launi wakilta Gabar yawan wadda ke da alaka da wani factor, daga fari (0%) zuwa ja (100%).

Cancers aka gano a matsayin:

• B - kwakwalwa.
• Bl - mafitsara.
• Br - kirji.
• C - mahaifa.
• CR - colorectal.
• E - esophagus.
• HN - kai da wuya.
• K - toho.
• Lee - hanta.
• Lk - cutar sankarar bargo.
• Lou - haske.
• M - melanoma.
• NHL - maras Hodgkin ta lymphoma.
• O - ovarian.
• P - pancreas.
• S - ciki.
• Th - da thyroid gland shine yake.
• U - mahaifa.

Tasirin waje dalilai

Bisa ga sakamakon aikin kimiyya, ga wasu cancers muhalli dalilai wasa a babban rawa. Alal misali, mummunan tasiri na yanayi, da farko shan taba sa 65% na dukkan huhu ciwon daji lokuta. Da masu bincike gano cewa, kawai 35% na huhu ciwon daji lokuta suna lalacewa ta hanyar bazuwar kurakurai.

"The kawai maye gurbi a cikin cell ne mai wuya ga haddasa ciwon daji," - ya ce Vogelstein, magana da kimiyya rahoton shirya by John Hopkins. "Ã'a, mafi akwai wani maye gurbi, da girma da alama cewa tantanin halitta zai zama m," - ya ce da gwani.

A hade da DNA kurakurai da kuma waje dalilai

"Saboda haka, maye gurbi daga bazuwar kurakurai isa ya haifar da ciwon daji, wadda tasowa da kanta a wasu lokuta", - ya ce Vogelstein. Amma, bisa ga masanin kimiyya, a wasu lokuta, mai hade da bazuwar kurakurai, kazalika da kurakurai sa ta muhalli dalilai, a karshe ya kai ga tantanin halitta ciwon daji. Alal misali, fata Kwayoyin da baseline maye gurbi saboda bazuwar kurakurai da kuma daukan hotuna zuwa ultraviolet haske. "Irin wannan dalilai iya ƙara ko da more maye gurbi cewa haifar da cutar daji," - ya ce Vogelstein.

Uku dalilai maye gurbi a cikin salon salula matakin

Kirista Tomasetti, Mataimakin Farfesa na Biostatistics a Johns Hopkins, da aka ambata uku haddasawa maye gurbi a cikin misali na abin da ya faru na misprints, ci karo da lokacin amfani da keyboard. Wasu daga cikin wadannan errata iya zama sakamakon da gajiya ko shagala typists. Su za a iya gani a matsayin muhalli dalilai. "Kuma idan a cikin keyboard cewa yana amfani da wani mai bugun tafireta, babu key, wannan hereditary factor" - Tomasitti ya ce a cikin rahoton.

"Amma ko da a cikin wani manufa yanayi, inda mai bugun tafireta ne da huta kuma ya yi amfani da keyboard aiki lafiya, typos zai kasance har yanzu" - in ji shi. Kuma shi ne bazuwar kuskure.

Menene bincike domin rigakafin

Akwai takamaiman dabarun hana ciwon daji sa ta muhalli dalilai, ko kayyade abubuwan. Don taimaka rage hadarin huhu ciwon daji, smoker iya sallama, kuma wata mace da suka kamu da cutar sankarar nono, na iya koma ga prophylactic mastectomy.

Bisa ga masu bincike, wadannan farko rigakafin suna dauke hanya mafi kyau don rage mace-mace daga ciwon daji. A mawallafa lura cewa wannan ba zai yiwu a makarantun firamare rigakafin ciwon daji cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar bazuwar maye gurbi, amma har yanzu na biyu rigakafin iya taimaka ajiye haƙuri ta rayuwa.

A cewar wani binciken, na biyu rigakafin nufin da farkon ganewa na ciwon daji. "Muna bukatar mu mayar da hankali a kan farkon ganewa, saboda tsari ne ba a maye gurbi da za a iya kauce masa," - ya ce a cikin rahoton Tomasitti.